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Potential Energy Review and Enthalpy of Formation

The document reviews chemical potential energy, the relationship between heat and temperature, and the concept of enthalpy of formation (ΔHfo). It includes calculations for heat of reactions using standard enthalpies of formation and provides examples of various chemical reactions. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of energy in chemical changes and the significance of ΔHfo in determining heat exchange during the formation of compounds.

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Navneet Kaur
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9 views3 pages

Potential Energy Review and Enthalpy of Formation

The document reviews chemical potential energy, the relationship between heat and temperature, and the concept of enthalpy of formation (ΔHfo). It includes calculations for heat of reactions using standard enthalpies of formation and provides examples of various chemical reactions. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of energy in chemical changes and the significance of ΔHfo in determining heat exchange during the formation of compounds.

Uploaded by

Navneet Kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Potential Energy Review and Enthalpy of Formation

Chemical Potential Energy Review:-

What is the relationship between heat and temperature?​


Baking Soda and Vinegar Question- Where did the heat go that caused the slight drop in temperature?​
​
What happens during a chemical change - Write a summary - final statement based on new information,
emphasizing the involvement of energy.​
​
Gizmo Investigation Question: If more energy is released from water formation from hydrogen and oxygen, would you
expect the temperature to increase or decrease? Why? Compare the potential energy of water molecules formed with the potential
energy of reactants oxygen and hydrogen. ​
​
Write a net ionic equation for the reaction between barium sulfate and calcium acetate.

Enthalpy of Formation:- ΔHfo ​


A hypothetical value that indicates ______ much heat would be lost/gained during the formation of one
______ of a compound from the most common form of its elements in their ________ states.​

​
Enthalpy of Formation, ΔHfo, for the most stable form of any element in its standard state (1 atm, 25℃) is _______.​
​ ​
o
How to calculate ΔH f

​
Consider the following reaction:​ CH4 (g) + 4 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)
∆H CH4 (g) = -74.81 kJ/mol; ∆Hf CO2 (g) = -393.51 kJ/mol; ∆Hf° H2O = -241.82kJ/mol
f
° °

** Heats of formation of elements is 0 kJ/mol


ΔHm = ∑ ΔHf (products) – ∑ ΔHf (reactants) ​
(-393.51 + 2(-241.82)) – (-74.81 + 4(0) = -802.3 kJ/mol

Find the heat of reaction for each of the following reactions. Use the table with Heats of formation below
and the extra ∆Hf°’s to the side. ​SHOW YOUR WORK.
1.​ 2 C4H10 (g) + 13 O2 (g) → 8 CO2 (g) + 10 H2O (g)​ ​ ∆Hf° C4H10 (g) = -124.7 kJ/mol

2.​ 2 CH3OH (l) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (g)​ ​ ∆Hf° CH3OH (l) = -238.6 kJ/mol

3.​ 2 NaCl (s) + F2 (g) → Cl2 (g) + 2 NaF (s)​ ​ ​ ∆Hf° NaF (s) = -569.0 kJ/mol

4.​ 2 NO2 (g) → N2O4 (g)


5.​ PCl3 (g) + PbCl2 (s) → PCl5 (g) + Pb (s)​ ∆Hf° PCl3 (g), PbCl2 (s), PCl5 (g) = -306.4,
-359.2, -398.9 kJ/mol respectively

6.​ 2 KClO4 (s) → 2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g)​ ​ ​ ​ ∆Hf° KClO4 (s) = -430.1 kJ/mol

7.​ 2 Cu2O (s) + O2 (g) → 4 CuO (s)​ ​ ​ ​ ∆Hf° Cu2O (s) = -166.7 kJ/mol

8.​ 2 C8H18 (g) + 25 O2 (g) → 16 CO2 (g) + 18 H2O (g)​ ​ ∆Hf° C8H18 (g) = -208.5 kJ/mol

Some Standard Enthalpies of Formation at 25°C.

ΔHf/kJ ΔHf/kJ
Compound Compound
mol–1 mol–1

AgCl(s) –127.068 H2O(g) –241.818

AgN3(s) +620.6 H2O(l) –285.8

Ag2O(s) –31.0 H2O2(l) –187.78

Al2O3(s) –1675.7 H2S(g) –20.63

Br2(l) 0.0 HgO(s) –90.83

Br2(g) +30.907 I2(s) 0.0

C(s), graphite 0.0 I2(g) +62.438

C(s), diamond +1.895 KCl(s) –436.747

CH4(g) –74.81 KBr(s) –393.798

CO(g) –110.525 MgO(s) –601.7

CO2(g) –393.509 NH3(g) –46.11

C2H2(g) +226.73 NO(g) +90.25

C2H4(g) +52.26 NO2(g) +33.18

C2H6(g) –84.68 N2O4(g) +9.16

C6H6(l) +49.03 NF3(g) –124.7

CaO(s) –635.09 NaBr(s) –361.062

CaCO3(s) –1206.92 NaCl(s) –411.153


CuO(s) –157.3 O3(g) +142.7

Fe2O3(s) –824.2 SO2(g) –296.83

HBr(g) –36.4 SO3(g) –395.72

HCl(g) –92.307 ZnO(s) –348.28

HI(g) +26.48

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