SANTA FE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

F.Duarte St., Poblacion, Santa Fe Cebu

Self-Learning Home Task (SLHT)
Subject: English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Grade Level: 12 Quarter: 1 Week: 5
Name: ____________________________ Section: ________ Date: __________
School: Santa Fe National High School District: Santa Fe
MELC: 1. use appropriate critical approaches in writing a critique such as formalism,
feminism (CS-EN11/12A-EAPP-Id-f-16).

I. READINGS / DISCUSSIONS

APPROACHES IN LITERARY CRITICISM

A very important expository discourse that you must learn how to write is the
reaction paper, review, or critique. It is mainly written to communicate a fair
assessment of situations, people, events, literary and artistic works and performances.
Whether a social commentary, or a critical judgment, it conveys incisive insights into its
analysis of events, its interpretation of the meaning or importance of a work or artifact,
or its appreciation of the moral or aesthetic values reflected in the work or
performance. It may include the main purpose of the event; the devices and strategies
employed; an evaluation of its success or failure; and an assessment of its significance
and relevance, timeliness or timelessness.

As a reviewer and critique you must not simply rely on mere opinions; rather,
you must use both proofs and logical reasoning to substantiate your comments. You
must process ideas and theories, revisit and extend ideas in a specific field of study and
present an analytical response to the subject of your review.

When you express your views, it is also important to use appropriate

language for a specific discipline. There are terms that you should prefer to put
in your writing depending on the field or context you are in.
 For example, if you are to convince people who are experts in the field of
Science and Mathematics, you need to use their language. Here are examples of
terms that you can use in the following disciplines.
Science Mathematics General Terms
Experiments Equation Test

Lab equipment Statistical tool Materials

Invention Solution Action

Laboratory test Result Pregnancy Test
Hormones and Genes Equivalent Values Family

You should be formal and use technical terms that are familiar to them. However,
if your audience is the general public, you also need to use the language they know. Do
not use those that are not common to them. Avoid jargons or technical words and slang
or invented words. You can be informal when necessary. However, you must never
forget to be POLITE to avoid having future problems.
Learning appropriate language and manner is not enough in expressing
your views. There are critical approaches that you can use to make it more
convincing and appropriate.

Read about the critical approaches. You can highlight some important
ideas. You can use these in expressing your views.

1. Formalist Criticism
- This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that
needs to be examined on its own terms.” All the elements necessary for
understanding the work are contained within the work itself. Of particular
interest to the formalist critic are the elements of form—style, structure,
tone, imagery, etc.— that are found within the text. A primary goal for
formalist critics is to determine how such elements work together with the
text’s content to shape its effects upon readers.

2. Gender Criticism

- This approach “examines how sexual identity influences the creation and
reception of literary works.” Originally an offshoot of feminist movements,
gender criticism today includes a number of approaches, including the so-
 called “masculinist” approach recently advocated by poet Robert Bly. The
bulk of gender criticism, however, is feminist and takes as a central precept
that the patriarchal attitudes that have dominated western thought have
resulted, consciously or unconsciously, in literature “full of unexamined
‘male-produced’ assumptions.” Feminist criticism attempts to correct this
imbalance by analyzing and combatting such attitudes—by questioning, for
example, why none of the characters in Shakespeare’s play Othello ever
challenge the right of a husband to murder a wife accused of adultery.
Other goals of feminist critics include “analyzing how sexual identity
influences the reader of a text” and “examining how the images of men and
women in imaginative literature reflect or reject the social forces that have
historically kept the sexes from achieving total equality.”

3. Historical Criticism
- This approach “seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the social,
cultural, and intellectual context that produced it—a context that
necessarily includes the artist’s biography and milieu.” A key goal for
historical critics is to understand the effect of a literary work upon its
original readers.

4. Reader-Response Criticism
- This approach takes as a fundamental tenet that “literature” exists not as an
artifact upon a printed page but as a transaction between the physical text
and the mind of a reader. It attempts “to describe what happens in the
reader’s mind while interpreting a text” and reflects that reading, like
writing, is a creative process.

5. Media Criticism
- It is the act of closely examining and judging the media. When we examine
the media and various media stories, we often find instances of media
bias. Media bias is the perception that the media is reporting the news in a
partial or prejudiced manner. Media bias occurs when the media seems to
push a specific viewpoint, rather than reporting the news objectively. Keep
in mind that media bias also occurs when the media seems to ignore an
important aspect of the story. This is the case in the news story about the
puppies.

6. Marxist Criticism
- It focuses on the economic and political elements of art, often emphasizing
the ideological content of literature; because Marxist criticism often argues
 that all art is political, either challenging or endorsing (by silence) the status
quo, it is frequently evaluative and judgmental, a tendency that “can lead to
reductive judgment, as when Soviet critics rated Jack London better than
William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, Edith Wharton, and Henry James,
because he illustrated the principles of class struggle more clearly.”
Nonetheless, Marxist criticism “can illuminate political and economic
dimensions of literature other approaches overlook.”

7. Structuralism
- It focused on how human behavior is determined by social, cultural and
psychological structures. It tended to offer a single unified approach to human life
that would embrace all disciplines. The essence of structuralism is the belief that
“things cannot be understood in isolation, they have to be seen in the context of
larger structures which contain them. For example, the structuralist analysis of
Donne’s poem, Good Morrow, demands more focus on the relevant genre, the
concept of courtly love, rather than on the close reading of the formal elements of
the text.

II. TASKS
Task 1: Approaches in Literary Criticism
Directions: Summarize what you have read by completing the table with what you
understood.
APPROACHES IN WHAT IT IS (DEFINITION) HOW IT IS DONE
LITERARY (TECHNIQUE IN WRITING)
CRITICISM
Example: This approach regards A primary goal for
literature as “a unique formalist critics is to
Formalism form of human knowledge determine how elements
that needs to be examined of form (style, structure,
on its own terms.” tone, imagery, etc.) work
together with the text’s
content to shape its effects
upon readers.
2.

3.

4.

5.
6.

lll. ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose from the given topic below. Gather information about your
chosen topic and write a critique (150-200 words) using the appropriate critical
approach. Be sure to use appropriate language, manner and structure
(introduction-body-conclusion). Topics are as follows?
1. Great Wall of China
2. Movie: Goyo and Batang Heneral
3. Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere
4. First Sona of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. (2023)
5. Movie: General Luna

This is the rubric scoring guide. Refer to this as you make your own reaction
paper. The teacher will grade you according to the given criteria and give you the
points indicated.

RUBRICS FOR REACTION

PAPER
Criteria 5 4 3 2
The reaction The reaction The facts There are
used only
paper paper are limited. few facts used
contains contains
opinions opinions Only some to support the
supported supported sources are opinions.
Content with with facts. cited in the Only
several facts. The some
sources
 The sources sources are paper. are cited in
the
are cited in cited in the paper.
the
paper using paper.
appropriate
format.
There is The flow of The flow of The ideas are
logical ideas is
flow of ideas ideas is smooth not well-
smooth but there are
and and there is some organized in
Organization transitional correct use of transitional some parts of
devices are in transitional devices not the
the appreciate devices. used paragraphs.
places in the properly. Transitional
paragraphs. devices are
limited.
The language The language The language The language
is is
used is formal. used is formal informal and very informal
Language Vocabulary is and there is some words and several
no are
appropriate jargon or not words are
for slang appropriate
the target indicated. for the target difficult for
the
audience. audience. target
audience.
There is no There is no There are few There are
error in terms error in terms errors in several errors
of of grammar, grammar, in
Mechanics grammar, spelling, and spelling, and grammar,
spelling, and punctuation. spelling and
punctuation. punctuation. punctuation.
The sentences
make clear
sense.
References:
Book

Ma. Milagros C. Laurel, Adelaida F. Lucero and Rosalina T. Bumatay-Cruz,

English for Academic and Professional Purposes Learner’s Material and Teacher’s Guide, Quezon City: Department of
Education, 2016, 62-65.

Dictionary
Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2020. (Merriam-Webster Inc.)

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