INSTITUTE OF EGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KHANDARI,

AGRA
Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network
Unit-3 Fuzzy Systems Applications
Dr. Greesh Kumar Singh
Head & Assistant Professor
ECE Department
Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University,
Khandari Campus, Agra
Definition of Fuzzy Control
Classical Controller design
Conventional Feedback Control
Fuzzy Logic vs. Conventional Controllers
Fuzzy Logic Controllers
Architecture of Fuzzy Logic Control
 Major Components of FLC
Followings are the major components of the FLC as shown in the above figure −
 Fuzzifier − The role of fuzzifier is to convert the crisp input values into
fuzzy values.
 Fuzzy Knowledge Base − It stores the knowledge about all the input-
output fuzzy relationships. It also has the membership function which
defines the input variables to the fuzzy rule base and the output
variables to the plant under control.
 Fuzzy Rule Base − It stores the knowledge about the opera on of the
process of domain.
 Inference Engine − It acts as a kernel of any FLC. Basically it simulates
human decisions by performing approximate reasoning.
 Defuzzifier − The role of defuzzifier is to convert the fuzzy values into
crisp values getting from fuzzy inference engine.
 Steps in Designing FLC
Following are the steps involved in designing FLC −
 Identification of variables − Here, the input, output and state variables must be
identified of the plant which is under consideration.
 Fuzzy subset configuration − The universe of information is divided into number of
fuzzy subsets and each subset is assigned a linguistic label. Always make sure that
these fuzzy subsets include all the elements of universe.
 Obtaining membership function − Now obtain the membership function for each
fuzzy subset that we get in the above step.
 Fuzzy rule base configuration − Now formulate the fuzzy rule base by assigning
relationship between fuzzy input and output.
 Fuzzification − The fuzzification process is initiated in this step.
 Combining fuzzy outputs − By applying fuzzy approximate reasoning, locate the
fuzzy output and merge them.
 Defuzzification − Finally, initiate defuzzification process to form a crisp output.
Fuzzy Logic Controllers…
Fuzzy Logic Controllers…
Fuzzy Logic Controllers…
Elements of Fuzzy Logic Controller…
If-Then rules and Math
FL implementation of functions
FL implementation of functions…
Example
Example…
Example…
Example…
Problems in using FLC
Fuzzy Logic in Control Systems
Temperature Controller
Anti Lock Break System (ABS)
P Controller
D Controller
I Controller
Conclusion of FLC
 Advantages of Fuzzy Logic Control
Let us now discuss the advantages of Fuzzy Logic Control.
 Cheaper − Developing a FLC is compara vely cheaper than developing model
based or other controller in terms of performance.
 Robust − FLCs are more robust than PID controllers because of their capability to
cover a huge range of operating conditions.
 Customizable − FLCs are customizable.
 Emulate human deductive thinking − Basically FLC is designed to emulate human
deductive thinking, the process people use to infer conclusion from what they
know.
 Reliability − FLC is more reliable than conven onal control system.
 Efficiency − Fuzzy logic provides more efficiency when applied in control system.
 Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Control
We will now discuss what are the disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Control.
 Requires lots of data − FLC needs lots of data to be applied.
 Useful in case of moderate historical data − FLC is not useful for
programs much smaller or larger than historical data.
 Needs high human expertise − This is one drawback as the
accuracy of the system depends on the knowledge and expertise of
human beings.
 Needs regular updating of rules − The rules must be updated with
time.
Fuzzy Expert Systems
Fuzzy Expert Systems…
Fuzzy Expert Systems…
Fuzzy Expert Systems…
 Fuzzy Logic - Decision Making
• It is an activity which includes the steps to be taken for
choosing a suitable alternative from those that are needed
for realizing a certain goal.
• Steps for Decision Making

• Let us now discuss the steps involved in the decision

making process −
 Determining the Set of Alternatives − In this step, the
alternatives from which the decision has to be taken must be
determined.
 Evaluating Alternative − Here, the alterna ves must be
evaluated so that the decision can be taken about one of the
alternatives.
 Comparison between Alternatives − In this step, a comparison
between the evaluated alternatives is done.
 Types of Decision
Making We will now understand the different types of decision making.
 Individual Decision Making
– In this type of decision making, only a single person is responsible for taking
decisions. The decision making model in this kind can be characterized as −
– Set of possible actions
– Set of goals Gi(i Xn);
– Set of Constraints Cj(j Xm)

The goals and constraints stated above are expressed in terms of fuzzy sets.
– Now consider a set A. Then, the goal and constraints for this set are given by −
– Gi(a) = composition[Gi(a)] = G1i(Gi(a)) with Gi1
– Cj(a) = composition[Cj(a)] = C1j(Cj(a)) with C1j for a A

• The fuzzy decision in the above case is given by −

FD=min[i XinnfGi(a),j XinmfCj(a)]
 Multi-person Decision Making

• Decision making in this case includes several persons

so that the expert knowledge from various persons is
utilized to make decisions.
• Calcula on for this can be given as follows −
• Number of persons preferring xi to xj = N(xi,xj)
• Total number of decision makers = n
• Then, SC(xi,xj)=N(xi,xj)/n
 Multi-objective Decision Making
• Multi-objective decision making occurs when there are
several objectives to be realized. There are following two
issues in this type of decision making −
– To acquire proper information related to the satisfaction of the
objectives by various alternatives.
– To weigh the relative importance of each objective.

• Mathematically we can define a universe of n alternatives

as −
• A=[a1,a2,...,ai,...,an] And the set of “m” objectives
as O=[o1,o2,...,oi,...,on]
 Multi-attribute Decision Making

• Multi-attribute decision making takes place when

the evaluation of alternatives can be carried out
based on several attributes of the object. The
attributes can be numerical data, linguistic data
and qualitative data.
• Mathematically, the multi-attribute evaluation is
carried out on the basis of linear equation as
follows −
Y=A1X1+A2X2+...+AiXi+...+ArXr
 References

Fuzzy Logic Tutorial (tutorialspoint.com)