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C_Programming_Notes

The document provides an overview of the C programming language, including its history, basic structure, and key programming constructs. It covers essential topics such as operators, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers, user-defined data types, memory allocation, and file handling. This comprehensive guide serves as a foundational resource for understanding and programming in C.

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2 views

C_Programming_Notes

The document provides an overview of the C programming language, including its history, basic structure, and key programming constructs. It covers essential topics such as operators, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers, user-defined data types, memory allocation, and file handling. This comprehensive guide serves as a foundational resource for understanding and programming in C.

Uploaded by

ankitsharma06925
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals and Programming with C

Overview of C
C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972.
It provides structured programming constructs and direct memory manipulation, making it powerful
for system programming.

Key topics:
- History of C
- Basic structure of a C program
- Algorithms and structured programming constructs
- Character sets, Tokens, Keywords, Constants, Variables, and Data Types
- Declaration of storage classes

Operators, Expressions, and Preprocessor


Operators in C:
- Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Increment/Decrement, Bitwise, Conditional, Special
Operators.
- Operator precedence and associativity.
- Preprocessor Directives: #include, #define, #error, #if, #else, #elif, #endif, #ifdef, #ifndef, #undef.

Decision and Loop Control Structures


Control structures in C:
- Conditional Statements: if-else, Nested if-else, switch, Conditional (ternary) operator.
- Looping Constructs: while, do-while, for loop.
- Jump Statements: break, continue, goto.

Functions and Arrays


Functions:
- Call by Value, Call by Reference.
- Functions returning value, Void functions.
- Function parameters, Inline functions.
- Command Line Arguments, Variable number of arguments.

Arrays:
- One-dimensional Arrays: Declaration, Initialization, Accessing elements.
- Two-dimensional and Multi-dimensional Arrays.
- String handling with arrays and string functions.
- Recursion.

Pointers
Pointers:
- Definition and Initialization.
- Pointer arithmetic, Pointers and arrays.
- String functions and manipulation.
- Dynamic storage allocation.

User-defined Data Types and Memory Allocation


Structures and Unions:
- Enumerated datatypes, Structures, Structure arrays.
- Pointers to functions and structures.
- Difference between static and dynamic memory allocation.
- malloc, calloc, free, new, delete.

File Access
File Handling in C:
- Opening and closing files using fstream, ifstream, ofstream.
- Reading and writing text files.

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