Chapter 34 Level Measurement
Chapter 34 Level Measurement
CHAPTER 34
LEVEL MEASUREMENT
Hook Gauge
When the level of liquid in an open tank is read off a dipstick, it is difficult to read
accurately because it is difficult to focus one’s eyes on the same level as the liquid
due to parallax. In this case, a hook gauge type can be used. It consists simply of a
wire cord of corrosion resisting alloy, such as gun metal or stainless steel, about 4”
diameter, bent into a ‘U’ shape with one arm longer than the other. The shorter arm
is pointed with a 60 taper, while the longer one is attached to a slider, having a
vernier. The hook is then pushed below the surface liquid and gradually raised until
the point it just about to break through the surface. It can then be clamped and level
read from the scale.
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Sight Glass
The sight glass is very useful as a simple arrangement wherein a section of the
liquid is brought outside the vessel and displayed alongside a main scale. If the
diameter of the bore of the sight glass is not small enough to introduce errors due
to capillary action, the liquid will stand at the same level in the sight glass and the
vessel, provided the top of the sight glass is subjected to the same pressure as the
top of the vessel. It can be used for open or closed vessels.
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reference side of the indicator as inside the container, so the reference limb is fed
back into the top of the vessel.
2) INDIRECT METHODS
Electrical/electronic methods of level measurement and control
Electrical methods for level measurement are very useful as generally there is
minimum limitation on transmission distances between transducer and display or
control devices. Their speed of response is often better than pneumatic systems and
they are very useful when measuring the level of vessels containing solids.
Ultrasonic methods
A. The ultrasonic level switch:
This system detects ultrasonic sound at a diaphragm of the receiver and converts
it into the electrical energy. This, in turn, is fed into the input of a high gain
amplifier which feeds it to the transmitting sensor. Here the electrical energy is
converted into ultrasonic energy once again and radiated from the diaphragm of
the transmitter. If the transmitter and receiver diaphragms are facing each other,
and there is no solid body in their path, then energy will be picked up by the
receiver, again amplified and fed to the transmitter forming a closed loop. Once
established, if an object appears in the beam, losses are introduced into the
system and the signal will cease. Hence rise of liquid or solid level up to the
beam can initiate an alarm or a switch. The device can not be used for
continuous measurements.
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