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The Industrial Revolution, occurring from the late 18th to early 19th century, marked a transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, beginning in Britain. Key causes included agricultural advancements, population growth, and significant inventions like the steam engine, leading to urbanization, the factory system, and improved transportation. Its effects encompassed economic growth, environmental challenges, and cultural shifts, with notable figures such as James Watt and Karl Marx highlighting its impact.

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3 views

note2

The Industrial Revolution, occurring from the late 18th to early 19th century, marked a transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, beginning in Britain. Key causes included agricultural advancements, population growth, and significant inventions like the steam engine, leading to urbanization, the factory system, and improved transportation. Its effects encompassed economic growth, environmental challenges, and cultural shifts, with notable figures such as James Watt and Karl Marx highlighting its impact.

Uploaded by

Lam Matt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class Notes 2: History - The Industrial Revolution

What Was It?


The Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th century) was a shift from agrarian, manual
labor economies to industrialized, machine-based ones, starting in Britain and spreading
globally.

Causes

 Agricultural advancements (e.g., crop rotation) increased food supply.

 Population growth provided labor.

 Access to coal and iron fueled machinery and infrastructure.

 Inventions like the steam engine (James Watt) and spinning jenny revolutionized
production.

Major Changes

 Urbanization: People moved to cities for factory jobs.

 Factory System: Mass production replaced handmade goods.

 Transportation: Railways and canals improved trade and mobility.

 Social Impact: Child labor, poor working conditions, but also rising middle class.

Key Events

 1760s: Start with textile innovations.

 1830s: Railroads expand rapidly.

 1870: Second Industrial Revolution (steel, electricity, chemicals).

Effects

 Economic: Capitalism grew, wealth increased (but unevenly).

 Environmental: Pollution and resource depletion began.

 Cultural: Shift to modern lifestyles, education emphasis.

Notable Figures

 James Watt: Steam engine pioneer.

 Karl Marx: Critiqued capitalism’s inequalities.


Class Notes 2: History - The Industrial Revolution

What Was It?


The Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th century) was a shift from agrarian, manual
labor economies to industrialized, machine-based ones, starting in Britain and spreading
globally.

Causes

 Agricultural advancements (e.g., crop rotation) increased food supply.

 Population growth provided labor.

 Access to coal and iron fueled machinery and infrastructure.

 Inventions like the steam engine (James Watt) and spinning jenny revolutionized
production.

Major Changes

 Urbanization: People moved to cities for factory jobs.

 Factory System: Mass production replaced handmade goods.

 Transportation: Railways and canals improved trade and mobility.

 Social Impact: Child labor, poor working conditions, but also rising middle class.

Key Events

 1760s: Start with textile innovations.

 1830s: Railroads expand rapidly.

 1870: Second Industrial Revolution (steel, electricity, chemicals).

Effects

 Economic: Capitalism grew, wealth increased (but unevenly).

 Environmental: Pollution and resource depletion began.

 Cultural: Shift to modern lifestyles, education emphasis.

Notable Figures

 James Watt: Steam engine pioneer.


 Karl Marx: Critiqued capitalism’s inequalities.

Class Notes 2: History - The Industrial Revolution

What Was It?


The Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th century) was a shift from agrarian, manual
labor economies to industrialized, machine-based ones, starting in Britain and spreading
globally.

Causes

 Agricultural advancements (e.g., crop rotation) increased food supply.

 Population growth provided labor.

 Access to coal and iron fueled machinery and infrastructure.

 Inventions like the steam engine (James Watt) and spinning jenny revolutionized
production.

Major Changes

 Urbanization: People moved to cities for factory jobs.

 Factory System: Mass production replaced handmade goods.

 Transportation: Railways and canals improved trade and mobility.

 Social Impact: Child labor, poor working conditions, but also rising middle class.

Key Events

 1760s: Start with textile innovations.

 1830s: Railroads expand rapidly.

 1870: Second Industrial Revolution (steel, electricity, chemicals).

Effects

 Economic: Capitalism grew, wealth increased (but unevenly).

 Environmental: Pollution and resource depletion began.

 Cultural: Shift to modern lifestyles, education emphasis.

Notable Figures
 James Watt: Steam engine pioneer.

 Karl Marx: Critiqued capitalism’s inequalities.

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