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The document covers an introduction to algebra, explaining key concepts such as variables, constants, expressions, and equations, along with methods for solving linear equations. It also discusses properties of operations and applications of algebra in various fields. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the Industrial Revolution, its causes, major changes, key events, effects, and notable figures.

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Lam Matt
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3 views

note3

The document covers an introduction to algebra, explaining key concepts such as variables, constants, expressions, and equations, along with methods for solving linear equations. It also discusses properties of operations and applications of algebra in various fields. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the Industrial Revolution, its causes, major changes, key events, effects, and notable figures.

Uploaded by

Lam Matt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class Notes 3: Mathematics - Introduction to Algebra

Basics of Algebra
Algebra uses symbols (usually letters) to represent numbers and operations to solve equations
and understand relationships.

Key Concepts

 Variables: Symbols (e.g., x, y) representing unknown values.

 Constants: Fixed numbers (e.g., 5, -2).

 Expressions: Combinations of variables and constants (e.g., 3x + 4).

 Equations: Statements that two expressions are equal (e.g., 2x + 3 = 7).

Solving Linear Equations

 Goal: Isolate the variable.

 Steps:

1. Simplify both sides (combine like terms).

2. Use inverse operations (addition/subtraction, multiplication/division).

3. Check your solution.

 Example: Solve 4x - 6 = 10

o Add 6 to both sides: 4x = 16

o Divide by 4: x = 4

Properties

 Commutative: a + b = b + a

 Associative: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

 Distributive: a(b + c) = ab + ac

Word Problems

 Translate words to math: “Three times a number plus five is twenty” → 3x + 5 = 20.

 Solve: 3x = 15 → x = 5.

Applications
Algebra is foundational for science, engineering, and economics.
Class Notes 2: History - The Industrial Revolution

What Was It?


The Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th century) was a shift from agrarian, manual
labor economies to industrialized, machine-based ones, starting in Britain and spreading
globally.

Causes

 Agricultural advancements (e.g., crop rotation) increased food supply.

 Population growth provided labor.

 Access to coal and iron fueled machinery and infrastructure.

 Inventions like the steam engine (James Watt) and spinning jenny revolutionized
production.

Major Changes

 Urbanization: People moved to cities for factory jobs.

 Factory System: Mass production replaced handmade goods.

 Transportation: Railways and canals improved trade and mobility.

 Social Impact: Child labor, poor working conditions, but also rising middle class.

Key Events

 1760s: Start with textile innovations.

 1830s: Railroads expand rapidly.

 1870: Second Industrial Revolution (steel, electricity, chemicals).

Effects

 Economic: Capitalism grew, wealth increased (but unevenly).

 Environmental: Pollution and resource depletion began.

 Cultural: Shift to modern lifestyles, education emphasis.

Notable Figures

 James Watt: Steam engine pioneer.

 Karl Marx: Critiqued capitalism’s inequalities.


Class Notes 2: History - The Industrial Revolution

What Was It?


The Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th century) was a shift from agrarian, manual
labor economies to industrialized, machine-based ones, starting in Britain and spreading
globally.

Causes

 Agricultural advancements (e.g., crop rotation) increased food supply.

 Population growth provided labor.

 Access to coal and iron fueled machinery and infrastructure.

 Inventions like the steam engine (James Watt) and spinning jenny revolutionized
production.

Major Changes

 Urbanization: People moved to cities for factory jobs.

 Factory System: Mass production replaced handmade goods.

 Transportation: Railways and canals improved trade and mobility.

 Social Impact: Child labor, poor working conditions, but also rising middle class.

Key Events

 1760s: Start with textile innovations.

 1830s: Railroads expand rapidly.

 1870: Second Industrial Revolution (steel, electricity, chemicals).

Effects

 Economic: Capitalism grew, wealth increased (but unevenly).

 Environmental: Pollution and resource depletion began.

 Cultural: Shift to modern lifestyles, education emphasis.

Notable Figures

 James Watt: Steam engine pioneer.


 Karl Marx: Critiqued capitalism’s inequalities.

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