AQA Level 2 Further Mathematics Matrices

Section 1: Matrix arithmetic

Exercise
1. Work out:
 1 2  2  4 2  1 5 
(i)    (ii)   
 −3 0  1   −1 3  0 −2 
 4 1  2   −2 5  3 −1
(iii)    (iv)   
 5 −2  −3   −1 4  −2 1 
6 5  1  3 0  2 1 
(v)    (vi)   
4 3  −2  4 −1 −4 0 
8 −6  −1  0 5  −2 4 
(vii)    (viii)   
3 −2  −4  3 2  1 −3 

1 0   − 2 1
2. If A =   and B =   , find
 2 −1  3 0
(i) 5A
(ii) -2B
(iii) AB
(iv) BA

 3 1 6 2
3. If A =   and B =   find the values of x and y given that AB = BA.
 x 2 4 y

3 a  2 c
4. If P =   and Q =   find the values of a, b, c and d given that PQ = I.
b 2  −1 d 

1 + 3 0  1 − 3 1 
5. A =  
 B =  
 1 3  1 3 
(i) Work out AB.
(ii) Find a matrix C such that AC consists of four non-zero whole numbers.

0 1
6. M =  
1 0
(i) Work out M2.
M3 = M2M , M4 = M3M etc
(ii) Work out M3.
(iii) Write down, with reasoning, M10.

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AQA Level 2 Further Mathematics Matrices

Section 1: Matrix arithmetic

Solutions to Exercise

 1 2  2   4 
1. (i)  −3 0  = 
  1   −6 
4 2  1 5   4 16 
(ii)  −1 3  = 
  0 −2   −1 −11 
4 1  2   5 
(iii) 5 −2  = 
  −3   16 
 −2 5  3 −1   −16 7 
(iv) 
4  = 
 −1  −2 1   −11 5 
6 5  1   −4 
(v) 
3  = 
4  −2   −2 
3 0  2 1   6 3 
(vi) 
−1  = 
4  −4 0   12 4 
8 −6  −1   16 
(vii) 
−2  = 
3  −4   5 
0 5  −2 4   5 −15 
(viii) 
2  = 
3  1 −3   −4 6 

1 0 
2. (i) 5A = 5 
 2 −1 
5 0 
= 
 10 −5 

 −2 1 
(ii) −2 BA = −2  
 3 0
 4 −2 
= 
 −6 0 

 1 0  −2 1 
(iii) AB =   
 2 −1  3 0 
 −2 1 
= 
 −7 2 

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 AQA FM Matrices 1 Exercise solutions

 −2 1  1 0 
(iv) BA =   
 3 0  2 −1 
 0 −1 
= 
3 0 

 3 1  6 2   22 6+y 
3. AB =   =
  
 x 2  4 y   6 x + 8 2 x + 2 y 
 6 2  3 1   18 + 2 x 10 
BA =   =
  
 4 y  x 2   12 + xy 4 + 2 y 
 22 6 + y   18 + 2 x 10 
AB = BA   =
 6 x + 8 2 x + 2 y   12 + xy 4 + 2 y 
22 = 18 + 2x x=2
6 + y = 10 y=4

Check: 6x + 8 = 12 + 8 = 20 12 + xy = 12 + 8 = 20
2x + 2y = 4 + 8 = 12 4 + 2y = 4 + 8 = 12

 3 a  2 c   1 0 
4.   = 
 b 2  −1 d   0 1 
 6 − a 3c + ad   1 0 
 2b − 2 bc + 2d  =  0 1 
   

6 −a = 1 a = 5
2b − 2 = 0  b = 1

3c + ad = 0  3c + 5 d = 0 (1)
bc + 2d = 1  c + 2d = 1  c = 1 − 2d (2)
Substituting (2) into (1) gives 3(1 − 2d ) + 5 d = 0
3 − 6d + 5 d = 0
d =3
c = −5
So a = 5, b = 1, c = -5, d = 3.

1 + 3 0  1 − 3 1   −2 1 + 3 
5. (i) AB =   = 
 1 3  1 3  1 4
    
1 − 3 1 − 3
(ii) One possible matrix is  
 1 1 

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 AQA FM Matrices 1 Exercise solutions

 0 1  0 1   1 0 
6. (i) M 2 =   =  =I
 1 0  1 0   0 1 
0 1
(ii) M 3 = IM = M =  
1 0
1 0
(iii) M 10 = I =   because all even powers of M will be the identity.
0 1

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Matrices
Exercise – Matrix Multiplication

Question 1
Work out

(a)  4 2 7  (b) 5 0   3  (c) 5  2

        2  
  3 5   1 0 5   4 6  3

(d)  1 0  3  (e)  4 7  (f) 8 4   3

    6      
 0 1   2    1  3  4 2  6 

Question 2
 2  1 7 4  2 3 
A =   B =   C =  
3 4  5 3  1  1
Work out
(a) AB (b) BC (c) 3A

(d) BA (e) C (f)  1  4

B  
 5 7 

Question 3
  2 0  4 1   3 
P =   Q =   C =  
 5 1  3  2   2
Work out
(a) P2 (b) QP (c) 5Q

(d) PC (e) IQ (f) 3I

Question 4
Work out

(a)  2  1  0 3  (b)   3  2   2 4 (c) 3 2  5  2

           
 1 3   1  4   1 5   3 4 7 5   7 3 

(d)  10  7  2 4 (e)  1  2  2 3  (f)  2 3   1  2

           
9 8   2 3 3  5  1 4  1 4 3  5

Question 5 (Non-calculator)
Work out, giving your answers as simply as possible.

(a)  2 1   2 0  (b)  1    2 4
(c)
3 2
2
   1    
 1 3 2   3  2 2   2 
     7 5
 3   1 3
 5  
 2   2 
 (d) 3 3  4   3 1 (e) 1 1 (f)
 2
2
       2 
 2    4 0 3 2  2 3  7
 3 3       3 
2 1
  1 4
3 4

Question 6
Work out, giving your answers as simply as possible.

(a) 1 0   p  (b) 3 0  x  (c)  0 1  m 

           
 0  1  p  1 0 3  y   1 0   2m 

(d) 2 0   a 0 (e)  4t 0  3 0 (f) 1 0 

 
1 0   3 
   
       
0 2  0 a   0 4t  0 3  0  1  0 1   2 

Question 7
Work out, giving your answers as simply as possible.

(a)  2 x  3   x 3x  (b)  a 3a   7 8 (c)

 x 0
2
         
  5 4x    3 0    2 1    10 11 1 x

(d)  y y 2 3y (e) a 1 a  a 1 a  (f)

 3x  3 
2
         
 3 x  0 1   a  2 a  1   a  2 a  1   9 x  1

Exercise 1b
Question 1 Question 3

Question 2
Question 4
2 −1 0
𝑏
a) Work out ( 1 0 ) (𝑎
)
3 𝑐
Give your answer in terms of 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄.
2 −1 0 𝑏
b) If ( 1 0 ) ( ) = 𝑰 where 𝑰 is the identity
3 𝑎 𝑐
matrix, work out the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐.
Review Questions
 Review Questions

Solution

1a a = 15, b = -30

13 −30
1b ( )
0 7
 Solution

13 −2
2a ( )
6 1

2b k = 11/8