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1.2 Numpy array

NumPy arrays are fixed size, require homogeneous data types, and are more memory efficient and faster than Python lists. Key attributes of NumPy arrays include axis, shape, rank, and data type, with various operations such as element-wise arithmetic and matrix multiplication available. The document also covers reshaping and flattening arrays, demonstrating these concepts with code examples.

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1.2 Numpy array

NumPy arrays are fixed size, require homogeneous data types, and are more memory efficient and faster than Python lists. Key attributes of NumPy arrays include axis, shape, rank, and data type, with various operations such as element-wise arithmetic and matrix multiplication available. The document also covers reshaping and flattening arrays, demonstrating these concepts with code examples.

Uploaded by

darshibhai2005
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NumPy Arrays vs Python Lists

• Fixed Size: Arrays have a fixed size, while lists can dynamically grow.

• Homogeneous Data: Arrays require uniform data types; lists can store mixed types.

• Performance: Arrays are faster due to their optimized implementation.

• Memory Efficiency: Arrays use contiguous memory blocks, unlike lists.

• Element wise operation can possible in NumPy array.


…Attributes Of An Array in NumPy…

1. Axis: The Axis of an array describes the order of the indexing into the array.
Axis 0 = one dimensional Axis 1 = Two dimensional Axis 2 = Three dimensional
2. Shape: The number of elements along with each axis. It is from a tuple.
3. Rank: The rank of an array is simply the number of axes (or dimensions) it has.
Rank1= 1 dimension, Rank2 = 2 Dimension Rank3 = 3 Dimension
4. Data type objects (dtype): It describes how the bytes in the fixed-size block of
memory corresponding to an array item should be interpreted.

• ndarray.shape: Returns a tuple representing the shape (dimensions) of the array.


• ndarray.ndim: Returns the number of dimensions (axes) of the array.
• ndarray.size: Returns the total number of elements in the array.
• ndarray.dtype: Provides the data type of the array elements.
• ndarray.itemsize: Returns the size (in bytes) of each element
…Example…

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])

print("Shape:", arr.shape)
print("Dimensions:", arr.ndim)
print("Size:", arr.size)
print("Data type:", arr.dtype)
print("Item size:", arr.itemsize)

Output

Shape: (2, 3)
Dimensions: 2
Size: 6
Data type: int64
Item size: 8
…Array Operations…
 These operations allow you to perform element-wise arithmetic or other operations
on entire arrays without the need for explicit loops.

• Element-wise Operations:

import numpy as np OUTPUT


arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
arr2 = np.array([4, 5, 6]) • [5 7 9]
• [ 4 10 18]
• [-3 -3 -3]
print(arr + arr2) • [0.25 0.4 0.5 ]
print(arr * arr2)
print(arr - arr2)
print(arr / arr2)
Matrix Operations (Dot product):

• Using Dot method , two matrix can be multiplied.

import numpy as np
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) OUTPUT
matrix2 = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
[[19 22]
print(np.dot(matrix1, matrix2)) [43 50]]

Broadcasting..

Broadcasting is a powerful feature in NumPy that allows you to perform operations on


arrays of different shapes.

import numpy as np OUTPUT


arr = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
[[11 12]
# Adding 10 to each element of the array [13 14]]
print(arr + 10)
…Reshaping and Flattening…
Reshaping: Convert one-dimensional arrays into multi-dimensional arrays.

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) OUTPUT
reshaped_arr = arr.reshape(2, 3) # 2 rows, 3 columns [[1 2 3]
print(reshaped_arr) [4 5 6]]

Flattening: Convert multi-dimensional arrays into one-dimensional arrays.

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]) OUTPUT
flattened_arr = arr.flatten() [1 2 3 4 5 6]
print(flattened_arr)

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