CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION.

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a program designed to

bridge the gap between theoretical education and practical work experience for

university, polytechnic, and college students. It aims to prepare students for real-world

job situations by exposing them to industrial equipment and machinery.

The Industrial Training Fund (ITF) initiated SIWES in 1973 to address the concern of

graduates lacking practical knowledge. While ITF initially funded the program, the

Federal Government took over its management in 1979. In 1984, ITF regained control

of SIWES with full federal funding.

1.1 ORGANIZATION INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES

2. The Industrial Training Fund (ITF)

1.1.2 THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

1. Funding: The federal government provides financial support and resources to

sustain the SIWES program, ensuring that students have access to quality training

opportunities during their industrial work experience.

2. Evaluation and Monitoring: The federal government evaluates the

effectiveness of the SIWES program through monitoring and assessment mechanisms

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to continually improve the quality and impact of the program on students' learning

and professional development.

3. Policy Formulation: The federal government is responsible for developing

policies and guidelines that govern the implementation of the SIWES program across

various institutions and sectors.

1.1.3 THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND

The primary role of the ITF is Formulating SIWES policies, orienting students,

placing and monitoring interns, disbursing allowances, organizing conferences,

providing insurance, offering administrative support, facilitating placements,

conducting program reviews, and verifying student documentation

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Introduction

This chapter provides and discuss the historical overview of the Students Industrial

Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) and delves into my specific structure at the Kogi

State House of Assembly Legislative Library. It explores the library's organizational

structure, outlining its divisions and the roles of each unit. Furthermore, it details the

practical work undertaken during my SIWES placement, highlighting specific tasks

and experiences within each division. To illustrate the hierarchical structure of the

library, an organogram will be included to provide a visual representation of the

administrative flow.

2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

The evolution of education has witnessed a shift from traditional, theoretical

approaches to more experiential and practical methods and this methods are gained

majorly through industrial training. Industrial training is a hands-on learning

experience to acquire practical skills, problem-solving abilities, and a deeper

understanding of industry practices. It bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge

and practical application, making graduates more employable and adaptable to the

demands of the modern workforce. Therefore the Students Industrial Work

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Experience Scheme (SIWES) offers this as a fertile ground for cultivating the minds

of Nigerian students, providing them with an invaluable opportunity to bridge the gap

between theoretical knowledge and practical application.

The Origin of the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) started back

in 1973. it is a pivotal initiative in Nigerian tertiary education, designed to bridge the

gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This scheme,

established in 1973 by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF), has been instrumental in

shaping the professional development of Nigerian students.

The need for the establishment of the scheme arose when there was a growing

concern among industries that graduates of institution of higher learning lacked

adequate practical background required for employment in industries. The concern

grew among industrialists and academicians, that though graduates are academically

equipped but were ill-equipped to meet the demands of the workplace. This skills

deficit hindered their employment and limited their potential contributions to national

development.

To address this issue, The IT organization (Industrial Training Fund) made a decision

to help all interested Nigerian students and established the SIWES program. It was

officially approved and presented by the Federal Government in 1974. The scheme

was solely IT during its formative years but as the financial involvement became

unbearable to the fund, it withdrew from the scheme in 1978. In 1979, the federal

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government handed over management of the scheme to both National Universities

Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE).

Later, in November 1984, the federal government reverted the management and

implementation of the scheme to ITF. In July 1985, it was taken over by the Industrial

Training Fund (ITF) while the funding was solely borne by the federal government.

The scheme was designed for all Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of

Education, to complement classroom teaching in the courses and acquaint with the

skills needed in the industries after graduation. The scheme is funded by the Federal

Government of Nigeria and jointly coordinated by the National Universities

Commission (NUC) and the Industrial Training Fund (ITF).

2.1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE (SIWES)

The primary objective of the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)

is to help bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application

designed to help students learn practical skills that they might not get in the

institution, expose students to real-world work environments and situations they are

likely to encounter and also enable get a better job employment.

The primary aims and objectives of SIWES are:

To equip students with practical skills relevant to their field of study and gain hands-

on experience with industry tools, equipment, and techniques.

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1. To expose students to real-world work environments and industry practices and

Learn about organizational culture, work ethics, and professional behavior.

2. To improve students' employ-ability by providing them with hands-on

experience, Improve job readiness and increase employ ability prospects. and

develop soft skills such as communication, teamwork, and problem-solving.

3. To foster collaboration between academic institutions and industries and facilitate

knowledge transfer and technology exchange.

4. To contribute to the overall development of the nation by producing skilled and

competent graduates.

By achieving these objectives, SIWES empowers students to become well-rounded

professionals who can contribute meaningfully to the growth and development of

Nigeria.

2.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE KOGI STAYE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY

The Kogi State House of Assembly is the legislative arm of the government in Kogi

State, Nigeria. Established in 1991 when the state was created, the assembly plays a

crucial role in the governance and development of the state. The assembly is made up

of representatives elected from various constituencies across Kogi State. It is

responsible for making laws, approving budgets, and overseeing the executive branch

of the state government.

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Fig.1 Kogi State House of Assembly

The Kogi State House of Assembly has a significant impact on local governance, as it

addresses issues like education, health, infrastructure, and security within the state.

Over the years, the assembly has faced various challenges, including political

instability, leadership crises, and issues related to the funding of projects. Despite

these challenges, it has continued to function as a vital institution in the state's

political landscape. The assembly operates through various committees that focus on

specific areas such as finance, education, and health. These committees play a key

role in scrutinizing bills and ensuring that the interests of the constituents are

represented. In recent years, there has been a push for greater transparency and

accountability in the assembly's operations. This includes public hearings and

increased engagement with the citizens of Kogi State to ensure that their voices are

heard in the legislative process. Overall, the Kogi State House of Assembly is an

essential part of the state's governance structure, working to address the needs and of

the people of Kogi State while navigating the complexities of Nigerian politics.
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2.3 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE KOGI STATE HOUSE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY

LIBRARY

The Kogi State House of Assembly includes a legislative library, which serves as a
vital resource for lawmakers, researchers, and the public. The library was established
to support the legislative process by providing access to a wealth of information and
resources that are essential for informed decision-making.

The history of the legislative library dates back to the early days of the Kogi State

House of Assembly in the early 1990s. Recognizing the need for a dedicated space

where legislators could access legal documents, research materials, and other

resources.

fig. of the legislature analyzing materials to be included in the library collections.

The assembly set up the library as part of its commitment to enhancing legislative

efficiency Initially, the library had a modest collection, primarily focusing on Nigerian

laws, constitutional documents, and basic reference materials.

Over the years, the library has evolved significantly. It expanded its collection to

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 to include a wide range of materials, such as books, journals, reports, and digital

resources. This growth reflects the changing needs of legislators and the increasing

complexity of governance in Kogi State. The library now houses a comprehensive

collection of legislative records, policy papers, and research studies that are crucial for

lawmakers as they draft bills and engage in debates. The library also plays a crucial

role in capacity building for lawmakers. It offers training sessions and workshops

aimed at enhancing research skills and legislative practices. These initiatives help

ensure that members of the assembly are well-equipped to address the challenges

facing their constituents.

In recent years, the library has also focused on community engagement, organizing

events and outreach programs to raise awareness about its resources and services. This

has helped foster a culture of research and informed policymaking within the

assembly and the broader community.

Overall, the legislative library of the Kogi State House of Assembly is not just a

repository of information but a dynamic institution that supports the legislative

process, promotes transparency, and enhances the capacity of lawmakers to serve the

people effectively. Its continued development reflects the assembly's commitment to

good governance and the importance of informed decision-making in the pursuit of

the state's progress

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2.3.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE KOGI STAYE HOUSE OF

ASSEMBLY LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY

Basically a legislative library is a specialized library that supports the work of a

legislative body, such as a parliament or assembly. These libraries play a crucial role

in the democratic process by providing lawmakers and staff with the information and

resources they need to make informed decisions.

The Kogi State House of Assembly Legislative Library initially, is a prime example of

a legislative library in Nigeria. This institution serves as a vital resource for

lawmakers, staff, and the general public, providing access to a wealth of information

and research materials.

The primary objective of the Library is:-

1. To support the legislative process: This involves providing lawmakers and

staff with timely and accurate information to aid in decision-making, policy

development, and lawmaking.

2. To promote research and scholarship: The library aims to foster a culture of

research and inquiry by providing access to scholarly resources.

3. To educate the public: The library seeks to educate the public on legislative

processes, government policies, and current affairs.

4. To preserve the state's legislative history: By collecting and preserving

historical documents, the library helps to document the state's legislative heritage.

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CHAPTER THREE

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3.0 DIVISION OF THE LIBRARY, THEIR FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES

PERFORMED IN EACH SETION

This chapter is aimed at discussing the division, units and activities performed in the

kogi state house of assembly legislative library.

As our SIWES commenced, the first week of my SIWES at the Kogi State House of

Assembly Legislative Library started with orientation and familiarization with the

library's operations. We were introduced to the various divisions and their respective

functions. A guided tour of the library allowed us to visualize the physical layout and

understand the work flow.

3.1 Division of the library and its function

3.1.1 The circulation division

The circulation Division. This division oversees the lending and borrowing of library

materials. The head librarian explained the function of this division and how it

maintains accurate records of library materials, process loan requests, and enforce

library policies. They also play a crucial role in managing inter library loan services,

enabling the library to access materials from other institutions to meet the specific

needs of its users.

3.1.2. The Acquisitions Division:

The Acquisition division: This unit is called the lifeblood of the library, because it is

responsible for identifying, selecting, and procuring new materials to enrich the
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library's collection. Though there are short of staff (librarians) but the head librarian

made sure to meticulously explain how the materials and resources such as; books,

journals, government documents, electronic databases, and other relevant material are

acquired and organize.

3.1.3. The Cataloging and Classification Division:

The Cataloging and Classification Division. This division is tasked with organizing

and classifying the library's vast collection to facilitate efficient retrieval and

utilization. In this division, subject headings, call numbers, and other meta data are

assigned to each item, enabling users to locate specific materials with ease. By

applying standardized classification systems such as the Dewey Decimal

Classification but majorly Library of Congress Classification, The head of library

explained how this unit works, but we were unable to get enough practical examples

as the library lacked adequate resources.

3.1.4 The Serials Division:

This division helps in managing the library's subscription to periodicals, journals, and

newspapers. The head librarian explained that the division is responsible for

acquiring, processing, and organizing these materials. They ensure that the library

maintains a comprehensive collection of current publications, enabling users to access

the latest research and information.

3.1.5 The Reference Division:

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This is the heart of the library, providing essential research and information services

to users. Librarians in this division assist patrons in locating and utilizing library

resources effectively. They conduct literature searches, compile bibliographies, and

provide guidance on research methodologies. Moreover, they offer specialized

reference services, such as legal research, legislative history research, and current

awareness services.

3.2. Nature of activities undertaken in each Division

This section explains in details my SIWES activities at the Kogi State House of

Assembly Legislative Library. Despite the library's limited resources and ongoing

reconstruction, I was able to gain valuable practical experience in various library

functions.

3.2.1. Nature of activities performed in the Circulation Services:

1. Loan and Return of Materials: Assisted in the loan and return of library

materials, ensuring proper record-keeping and timely returns.

2. Shelf Reading: Conducted regular shelf cleaning and reading to maintain

accurate shelf arrangement and identify missing or misplaced items.

3. Overdue Notices: Assisted in generating and sending overdue notices to

borrowers to encourage timely returns.

User Education: Provided guidance to users on library policies, procedures, and the

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effective use of library resources.

3.2.2. Nature of activities performed in the Acquisition Division

1. Identifying Needs: Identifying gaps in the library's collection by analyzing

user needs and trends in legislation and public policy.

2. Selecting Materials: How to select books, journals, and other materials based

on their relevance to the library's mission and the needs of its users.

3. Placing Orders: Placing orders for new materials from various suppliers,

ensuring timely delivery.

4. Budgeting: Understanding of the library's budget constraints and the

importance of prioritizing acquisitions.

3.2.3. Nature of activities performed in the cataloging and

classification division

During my SIWES, I was able to gain valuable hands-on experience in this area,

despite the challenges posed by the limited resources and infrastructure.

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1. Physical Cataloging: Practiced how to create catalog cards for books, journals,

and other materials, including assigning subject headings, call numbers, and other

descriptive information. This task required meticulous attention to detail and a

thorough understanding of cataloging rules.

2. Classification: Gained knowledge on the classification systems used, such as

the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Library of Congress Classification, but the

Kogi State House of Assembly Legislative Library use Library of Congress

Classification majorly. I applied them to organize library materials. This process

required a strong understanding of subject matter and the ability to assign appropriate

classification numbers.

3. Subject Headings: learned to assign appropriate subject headings to library

materials to facilitate information retrieval. This involved consulting subject heading

lists and thesauri to identify the most relevant terms.

Due to the complexity of these tasks and the limited resources available, I spent

several weeks mastering the intricacies of cataloging and classification, still didn’t get

enough practical knowledge but this experience has significantly enhanced my

understanding of library organization and information retrieval.

3.2.4. Nature of activities performed in the serial division

1. Checking-in Serials: Regularly checked in received issues of journals, magazines,

and newspapers, ensuring timely processing and availability to users.

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2. Binding Serials: Prepared journals and magazines for binding to preserve them and

facilitate easy reference.

3. Shelving Serials: Organized and shelved serials according to a specific

classification system, ensuring easy access for users.

4. Updating Serials Records: Maintained accurate records of serial holdings, including

subscriptions, cancellations, and changes in publication information.

1. 3.2.5 . Nature of activities performed in the Reference Division :

1. Reference Queries: Assisted library users in locating specific information,

answering reference queries, and conducting literature searches. This involved

utilizing the library's resources, such as books, journals, databases, and online

resources.

2. Bibliographies: Compiled bibliographies on various topics, including legal and

political issues, to support research and writing.

3. Current Awareness Services: Assisted in creating and distributing current

awareness bulletins, highlighting recent publications and news articles relevant to the

library's users.

4. Research Guidance: Provided guidance to users on research methodologies,

citation styles, and effective use of library resources.

3.3 Other Activities undertaken during my internship

During my internship, I had the opportunity to witness legislative sittings, which takes

place every Wednesday and Thursday. This provided a firsthand experience of the

legislative process, from the opening formalities to the conclusion of debates and

voting.

Fig.2 Legislative Sitting/board

A legislative sitting is a formal meeting of a legislative body, such as a parliament or

assembly, where members gather to conduct official business. During these sittings,

lawmakers debate and vote on bills, resolutions, and other legislative matters. They

also discuss important issues affecting their constituents and the nation as a whole.

3.3.2 Nature of activities performed during legislative sittings:;

1. Minute-Taking: Took details with taking detailed minutes of the proceedings,

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ensuring accuracy and clarity in recording key decisions, resolutions, and debates.

2. Document Distribution: Assisted in distributing relevant documents to

lawmakers, such as bills, motions, and committee reports.

3. File Management: Assisted in organizing and filing important legislative

documents ensuring easy retrieval and reference.

3.3.3 Weeding

Weeding of materials in a legislative library is the process of removing outdated or

less relevant materials, like old newspapers, magazines, and files, to create room for

new resources. In tis division I assisted in weeding out unwanted materials. However,

due to the library limited space, poor financing and the on going renovation, The

unwanted materials are often put back on the shelves, and this disrupts the efficiency

of the library.

3.3.4 RESEARCHING

Researching in a legislative library involves assisting patrons and the library users and

the assembly staffs find information they need for their work. In this division assisted

in researching of resources and materials relating to their research questions making it

easy for them to get information related to their research and also help save their time

3.3.6 FILING AND ORGANIZING OF MATERIALS:

Filing refers to the process of arranging papers and documents into folders or cabinets

to facilitate easy allocation. The materials and files that I assisted in organizing are not

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limited to library materials only. I assisted in organizing documents relating to

legislative affairs, state affair, bills report, staff’s reports etc in such a way that it will

be easy to access and locate.

3.37 ORGANIZATIONAL AND PESONAL PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

3.38 INTRODUCTION.

This chapter is aimed at discussing the personal and organizational problems I

encountered at the Kogi State House of Assembly Legislative Library.

3.39 PERSONAL PROBLEMS I ENCOUNTERED DURING MY SIWES.

Though, the SIWES played a crucial role in helping me understand the

theoretical concept and practical aspects of my course Library and Information

Science, and also gave me a good insights, knowledge and practical skills about the

course. However, during the internship, I was faced with several challenges.

1. Limited Guidance/Library Renovation : Due to the shortage of staffs, and the

renovation of the library few weeks after I started my training, I lacked adequate

supervision, Limited resources and limited guidance which made it difficult to

navigate tasks, solve a problem and issue immediately and made it more difficult to

exercise enough practical knowledge

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2. Inadequate Resources: The library lacked sufficient tools and materials necessary

for completing assignments and practical knowledge and this hindered me from

gaining more practical knowledge and learning experience. The good side is that we

were referred to other library to get more information and more understanding and

due to that I was able to get more knowledge.

3. Financial problems: this was a significant challenge I faced throughout the six

weeks of the exercise. transportation to and from, was incredibly stressful and

difficult to manage.

3.40 ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS HINDERING THE OPERATION OF

THE KOGI STATE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY

This organizational problems can significantly hinder the operation of the Kogi State

House of Assembly Legislative Library:

1. Insufficient Funding: The library lacks adequate financial resources and

insufficient funding can still pose a challenge. This limitation can affect the library's

ability to maintain facilities and support staff development.

2. Shortage of staffs: The library lacks adequate staffing and this can result in a

decline in Library service quality and the operations of the library. And this can With

too few qualified personnel, the existing staff may become overwhelmed by the

workload and hinder the library's ability to organize events, manage resources

effectively, and maintain a welcoming environment for users.

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5.No/Outdated Technology: The absence of modern technology and reliance on little

technology such as printing service can can slow down operations and make it

difficult for staff to manage resources efficiently. It can also restrict the library's

ability to offer online services or access databases that provide valuable information.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0. SUMMARY

The six-month industrial training was really Invaluable. Within this period, I

combined theory and practice in librarianship, and the experience was truly valuable. I

worked in the legislative library during sittings, sharing files and collecting minutes,

which provided me with a unique perspective on the legislative process, and also

worked in the library divisions and gained insights and practical skills and knowledge

that enhanced my understanding of library operations.

On a personal level, though the internship provided valuable insights into the

theoretical and practical aspects of my course Library and Information Science.

However, it was marred by significant challenges due to renovation other limitations.

Overall, the training was a comprehensive experience that deepened my knowledge of

librarianship and its various functions.

4.1. CONCLUSION

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In conclusion, the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is crucial in

the discipline of Library and Information Science (LIS) as it helps students apply

theoretical concepts in practical settings. This experience not only enhances their

technical skills but also improves their understanding of information management

practices in real-world environments. By participating in SIWES, LIS students gain

valuable insights into the operations of libraries and information centers, preparing

them for successful careers in the field. Ultimately, the integration of practical training

through SIWES is essential for developing competent professionals equipped to meet

the challenges of the information landscape.

4.2. RECOMMENDATION

I'll be giving recommendations for both my personal problem and the organizational
problems. To address the challenges, several recommendations can be proposed:

1. Enhancing Guidance and Mentor ship: The library should implement a

structured mentor ship program where experienced staff From far and near can come

down to guide interns, and also create job awareness that offers liberating salary and a

conducive environment to get staffs to apply and be employed to ensure the library, its

patrons and its interns can receive the necessary support to navigate tasks effectively.

2. Upgrading Technology: Investing in modern technology is crucial for

improving operational efficiency and expanding the library's capabilities, including

the provision of online services and access to essential databases.

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3. Transportation Support: Implementing a transportation allowance or shuttle

service for interns could alleviate financial burdens and ensure they can attend the

library without stress.

These recommendations aim to create a more supportive and effective environment

for both interns and the Kogi State House of Assembly Legislative Library, ultimately

enhancing the overall quality of library services.

REFERENCE

American Library Association. (2018). Guidelines for legislative libraries. American

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