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1 2 Simple Java Program

This document introduces the basics of writing a simple Java program, emphasizing the importance of the source file name and structure. It details the compilation process using the javac compiler and the execution of the program with the Java application launcher. Additionally, it explains the components of a Java class, including comments, the main method, and how to output text to the console.

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1 2 Simple Java Program

This document introduces the basics of writing a simple Java program, emphasizing the importance of the source file name and structure. It details the compilation process using the javac compiler and the execution of the program with the Java application launcher. Additionally, it explains the components of a Java class, including comments, the main method, and how to output text to the console.

Uploaded by

shooruzz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Java

A first simple program


A First Simple Program
Entering the Program

- the name you give to a source file is very important.


- For this example, the name of the source file should be Example.java
- In Java, a source file is officially called a compilation unit.
- It is a text file that contains (among other things) one or more class definitions.
- (For now, we will be using source files that contain only one class.)
- The Java compiler requires that a source file use the .java filename extension
- In Java all code must reside inside a class
- By convention, the name of the main class should match the name of the file that holds
the program
- Java is case-sensitive
Compiling the Program

- To compile the Example program, execute the compiler, javac, specifying the name of the
source file on the command line, as shown here
- C:\>javac Example.java
- The javac compiler creates a file called Example.class that contains the bytecode version
of the program
- To run the program, you must use the Java application launcher called java
- To do so, pass the class name Example as a command-line argument, as shown here:
- C:\>java Example
A Closer Look at the First Sample Program

- /*
This is a simple Java program.
Call this file "Example.java".
*/
- This is a comment
- The contents of a comment are ignored by the compiler
- Java supports three styles of comments
- The one shown at the top of the program is called a multiline comment
- This type of comment must begin with /* and end with */.
- Anything between these two comment symbols is ignored by the compiler
A Closer Look at the First Sample Program

- The next line of code in the program is shown here:


- class Example {
- This line uses the keyword class to declare that a new class is being defined.
- Example is an identifier that is the name of the class
- The entire class definition, including all of its members, will be between the opening curly
brace ({) and the closing curly brace (})
- The next line in the program is the single-line comment, shown here:
- // Your program begins with a call to main().
- A single-line comment begins with a // and ends at the end of the line
- The third type of comment is a documentation comment
A Closer Look at the First Sample Program

- The next line of code in the program is shown here:


- public static void main(String[] args) {
- This line begins the main( ) method
- this is the line at which the program will begin executing
- a Java program begins execution by calling main( )
- The public keyword is an access modifier, which allows the programmer to control the
visibility of class members
- public member may be accessed by code outside the class in which it is declared
- The opposite of public is private, which prevents a member from being used by code
defined outside of its class
- The keyword static allows main( ) to be called without having to instantiate a particular
instance of the class.
- main( ) is called by the Java Virtual Machine before any objects are made
- The keyword void simply tells the compiler that main( ) does not return a value
A Closer Look at the First Sample Program

- In main( ), there is only one parameter, a complicated one.


- String[ ] args declares a parameter named args, which is an array of instances of the
class String
- Objects of type String store character strings.
- In this case, args receives any command-line arguments present when the program is
executed
- The next line of code is shown here
- System.out.println("This is a simple Java program.");
- Output is actually accomplished by the built-in println( ) method.
- In this case, println( ) displays the string which is passed to it
- As you will see, println( ) can be used to display other types of information, too
- System is a predefined class that provides access to the system, and out is the output
stream that is connected to the console

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