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Generation of Computers

The document outlines the evolution of computers, starting from the first generation with ENIAC, EDVAC, and UNIVAC I, which introduced programmable electronic computing. It then discusses the second generation, highlighting IBM 1620 and CDC 1604, which advanced scientific computing capabilities. Finally, it covers the third generation with the IBM System/360 and Honeywell 6000 series, showcasing the transition to more versatile and powerful mainframe systems.

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21 views6 pages

Generation of Computers

The document outlines the evolution of computers, starting from the first generation with ENIAC, EDVAC, and UNIVAC I, which introduced programmable electronic computing. It then discusses the second generation, highlighting IBM 1620 and CDC 1604, which advanced scientific computing capabilities. Finally, it covers the third generation with the IBM System/360 and Honeywell 6000 series, showcasing the transition to more versatile and powerful mainframe systems.

Uploaded by

jannvalencia620
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

FIRST GENERATION

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

ENIAC was the first programmable,


electronic, general-purpose digital
computer, completed in 1945.
There were other computers that
had combinations of these features,
but the ENIAC had all of them in
one package. It was Turing-
complete and able to solve "a large
class of numerical problems"
through reprogramming.

EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)


EDVAC was one of the earliest
electronic computers. It was built by
Moore School of Electrical Engineering,
Pennsylvania. Along with ORDVAC, it
was a successor to the ENIAC. Unlike
ENIAC, it was binary rather than
decimal, and was designed to be a
stored-program computer.
UNIVAC I
The UNIVAC I was the first general-
purpose electronic digital computer
design for business application
produced in the United States. It
was designed principally by J.
Presper Eckert and John Mauchly,
the inventors of the ENIAC.

IBM 701
The IBM 701 Electronic Data
Processing Machine, known as the
Defense Calculator while in
development, was IBM’s first
commercial scientific computer
and its first series production
mainframe computer, which was
announced to the public on May
21, 19521.

IBM 650
The IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-
Processing Machine is an early digital
computer produced by IBM in the
mid-1950s. It was the first mass
produced computer in the world.
Almost 2,000 systems were produced,
the last in 1962, and it was the first
computer to make a meaningful
profit.
SECOND GENERATION
IBM 1620
The IBM 1620 was announced by IBM on
October 21, 1959, and marketed as an
inexpensive scientific computer. After a total
production of about two thousand machines,
it was withdrawn on November 19, 1970.
Modified versions of the 1620 were used as
the CPU of the IBM 1710 and IBM 1720
Industrial Process Control Systems.

IBM 7094
A recording made at Bell Labs in Murray
Hill, New Jersey on an IBM 7094 Offsite
Link mainframe computer in 1961 is the
earliest known recording of a computer-
synthesized voice singing a song— Daisy
Bell Offsite Link, also known as "Bicycle
Built for Two." The recording was
programmed by physicist John L. Kelly Jr.
Offsite Link, and Carol Lockbaum, and
featured musical accompaniment written
by computer music pioneer Max
Mathews.

CDC 1604
The 1604 was the most powerful
computer in its day, designed by
Seymour Cray, who would go on to a
career in building supercomputers.
Applications of the CDC 1604 included
processing data in real time, controlling
weapons systems, solving large-scale
scientific problems, and commercial
applications.
CDC 3600
In May 1962, the first Control Data
Corporation CDC 3600 was installed at
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
The 3600 was a step in a plan for an
orderly transition to the CDC 6600. The
CDC 3600 had 32,700 48-bit words of
memory and supported the FORTRAN 66
compiler and storage cycle times ranging
from 1.5 microseconds to .8 microseconds.
Its circuitry was designed by Seymour
Cray, who went on create his own line of
Cray computers.

UNIVAC 1108
In 1964, the 1108 was first
launched. Thin-film memory, which
was employed by the UNIVAC 1107
to store register data, was
superseded by integrated circuits.
Two key design enhancements,
base registers and new hardware
instructions, were included, in
addition to faster components. As a
programme was swapped in and
out of main memory, its instructions
and data could be stored wherever
each time it was reloaded thanks to
the two 18-bit base registers. The
1108 included memory protection,
utilising two base and limit registers
with 512-word resolution to
facilitate multiprogramming.
THIRD GENERATION
IBM-360 series
The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of
mainframe computer systems that was
announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and
delivered between 1965 and 1978. It was
the first family of computers designed to
cover both commercial and scientific
applications and a complete range of
applications from small to large. The
design distinguished between architecture
and implementation, allowing IBM to
release a suite of compatible designs at
different prices. All but the only partially
compatible Model 44 and the most
expensive systems use microcode to
implement the instruction set, featuring
8-bit byte addressing and binary, decimal
and hexadecimal floating-point
calculations.

Honeywell-6000 series
The Honeywell 6000 series computers were rebadged
versions of General Electric's 600-series mainframes
manufactured by Honeywell International, Inc. from
1970 to 1989. Honeywell acquired the line when it
purchased GE's computer division in 1970 and
continued to develop them under a variety of names for
many years.
The high-end model was the 6080, with performance
approximately 1 MIPS. Smaller models were the 6070,
6060, 6050, 6040, and 6030. In 1973, a low-end 6025
was introduced. The even-numbered models included
an Enhanced Instruction Set feature (EIS), which added
decimal arithmetic and storage-to-storage operations to
the original word-oriented architecture.

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