Y-O-Y Sales Growth % 29.05% 11.18% - 3.52% 27.55% 21.09% - 65.70% 141.88% 88.52% 20.58% 7%
Y-O-Y Sales Growth % 29.05% 11.18% - 3.52% 27.55% 21.09% - 65.70% 141.88% 88.52% 20.58% 7%
Employee Cost 175 165 164 192 195 244 206 240 246 289.18 17% 12% 11% 13% 10% 11% 27% 13% 7% 7%
Selling and admin 39 48 83 107 276 296 87 207 382 502.53 4% 4% 5% 7% 15% 13% 11% 11% 11% 12%
Other Expenses 36 28 7 10 59 12 44 42 53 41.70 3% 2% 0% 1% 3% 1% 6% 2% 2% 1% Chart of Op.EBIT Margin
Depreciation 20 21 22 24 29 40 46 49 54 57.22 56 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 6% 3% 2% 1%
Operating Profit (Op. EBIT) 131.65 169.83 291.14 249.93 354.72 662.46 141.44 824.76 1,222.54 1,409.07 1,472 Op.EBIT Margin 12% 12% 19% 17% 19% 29% 18% 44% 35% 33% 32%
Other Income 82 139 67 99 126 77 124 72 148 105.85 210 8% 10% 4% 7% 7% 3% 16% 4% 4% 2%
Interest - 0 3 3 2 10 8 11 16 18.64 14 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0%
Profit before tax 214 309 355 346 479 730 258 885 1,354 1,496.28 1,667 Chart of PAT Margin
Tax 83 120 126 125 170 216 70 226 348 385.02 426
PROFIT AFTER TAX (PAT) 131 188.63 229.08 220.61 308.57 513.10 187.02 659.56 1,005.88 1,111.26 1,241 PAT Margin 12% 14% 15% 15% 17% 23% 24% 35% 28% 26% 27%
Effective Income Tax Rate 38.88% 38.89% 35.48% 36.17% 35.52% 29.67% 27.37% 25.51% 25.71% 25.73%
Marginal Income Tax Rate 34.61% 34.61% 34.61% 35.00% 30.00% 25.17% 25.17% 25.17% 25.17% 25.17%
MARGINAL INCOME TAX DATA
GROWTH ANALYSIS Source KPMG for the years from 2011 until 2019
SALES Op. EBIT PAT from FY20 onwards, it is assumed that domestic companies will take advantage of Section 115BAA
9 Year CAGR 16.76% 30.13% 26.86% Mar-11 32.44%
7 Year CAGR 15.90% 25.27% 25.31% Mar-12 32.45%
5 Year CAGR 17.96% 31.77% 29.21% Mar-13 33.99%
3 Year CAGR 76.50% 115.17% 81.12% Mar-14 33.99%
TTM CAGR 6.81% 4.43% 11.68% Mar-15 34.61%
Mar-16 34.61%
Mar-17 34.61%
DEBT & SOLVENCY RATIOS Mar-18 35.00%
Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24 Mar-19 30.00%
Debt - - - - - - 79 105 84 60 Mar-20 25.17%
Equity 444 542 787 955 1,071 1,314 1,456 1,870 2,478 3,230 Mar-21 25.17%
Mar-22 25.17%
Debt Coverage Ratios (Lower is Better) Mar-23 25.17%
Debt/Equity Ratio - - - - - - 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
Debt/EBITDA - - - - - - 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0
Interest Expense / Debt #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 10% 11% 19% 31%
- Interest -0.12 -2.62 -2.99 -2.35 -9.76 -8.28 -11.05 -16.11 -18.64
+ Tax Benefit from Interest (Int x Tax) 0.04 0.91 1.05 0.71 2.46 2.08 2.78 4.05 4.69
- Debt Repayment - - - - - - - -21 -24
+ New Debt - - - - - 79 25 - -
FREE CASH FLOW TO EQUITY (FCFE) 266 299 -13 443 281 238 463 698 382 92.6 4,023.0 -71.9 4,424 92.6%
Total CFO - Int Tax Shield 4,004 (Cum CFO - Interest)/Cum PAT 93% (ideally, should be more than 75%. Higher the better)
- Total Capex -955
TOTAL FCFF 3,049 Cum FCFF/Cum EBIAT 80%
(Payout Ratio)
- Total Interest + Int Tax Benefit -53
Total FCFE through operations 2,996
+ INCREASE in Debt 60
TOTAL FCFE 3,056
VALUATION MULTIPLES
Based on Equity Value
Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24 29.3.25
No. of shares (in crores) 10 10 20 20 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
EPS 13 19 11 11 4 6 2 8 13 14 16
Stock Price - - - - - 197 351 775 573 930 689 1/(P/E) Current Bond Yield
P / ETTM 30.6 150.3 94.0 45.6 66.9 44.4 2% 10% no margin of safety
Book Value / Share 44.4 54.2 39.3 47.7 13.4 16.4 18.2 23.4 31.0 40.4 40.4
P/B 12.0 19.3 33.1 18.5 23.0 17.1
EBITDA 234 329 380 372 510 780 312 945 1,424 1,572 1,738
EV / EBITDATTM -1.5 -1.9 -2.2 -2.2 -2.2 18.5 85.6 63.8 30.9 45.9
EV / Sales -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 6.4 34.4 32.1 12.4 16.9
DIVIDENDS
Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24 29.3.25
Dividends (Rs crores) 26 75 113 47 302 200 80 280 440 520
Dividends/Net Profit 20% 40% 49% 21% 98% 39% 43% 42% 44% 47%
Dividends/Share 2.6 7.5 5.6 2.4 3.8 2.5 1.0 3.5 5.5 6.5
Stock Dividend Yield 1% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1%
% RETURN IF YOU PURCHASED THE STOCK IN THE PAST AND SOLD IT TODAY
INPUT Date of Purchase Mar/20
Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24 29.3.25
Stock Bought - - - - - -197 - - - -
Dividends - - - - - 2.5 1.0 3.5 5.5 6.5
Stock Sold 689
Total - - - - - -194 1 4 6 7 689
IRR 29.9%
NOTE: The IRR calculated above DOES NOT account for buybacks, if any, by a company
Free CF yield / Acquirer's multiple Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24
FCFF - 266 300 -11 445 288 164 446 731 420
EV -354 -618 -853 -834 -1,140 14,424 26,731 60,349 43,977 72,174
FCFF / EV 0% -43% -35% 1% -39% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1%
Acquirer's multiple -2.69 -3.64 -2.93 -3.34 -3.21 21.77 188.99 73.17 35.97 51.22
Fragility Scorecard
Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Mar-21 Mar-22 Mar-23 Mar-24
Total equity 444.25 542.07 786.56 954.53 1071.02 1313.82 1455.81 1870.31 2478.4 3229.97
Total liabilities 1162.11 1437.05 1826.45 2319.11 2594.24 3241.49 3153.18 3884.08 5088.75 6,091
Equity as % total liabilities 38% 38% 43% 41% 41% 41% 46% 48% 49% 53% [Higher the better]
Interest + Depreciation 20.42 20.66 25.03 26.65 30.99 49.97 54.63 60.04 69.84 75.86
Operating profit % 12% 12% 19% 17% 19% 29% 18% 44% 35% 33% 33.00% ###
Break even sales 164.279791872389 166.270239651 130.647933984 156.328966111 163.371955 170.7990983607 299.978335690045 136.75414 202.313433344 229.893373 15.53
Actual sales 1,059 1,367 1,520 1,466 1,870 2,264 777 1,879 3,541 4,270 ###
Break even sales as % of sales 16% 12% 9% 11% 9% 8% 39% 7% 6% 5.38% [Lower the better]
ROIC 0% -15% -26% -26% -47% -59% -7% -29% -43% -65% [Higher the better]
Cash from operating activities 69 288 338 24 499 409 248 524 812 882
Interest + Depreciation 20.42 20.66 25.03 26.65 30.99 49.97 54.63 60.04 69.84 75.86
20% of borrowings 0 0 0 0 0 0 15.892 20.984 16.832 12.07
Yearly debt obligations as a % of cash flow from 3.36 13.92 13.51 0.89 16.10 8.19 3.51 6.47 9.37 10.03 [Higher the better]
Net Block 155 159 170 190 182 285 311 335 351 343 13% 11% 9% 8% 7% 9% 10% 9% 7% 6%
Capital Work in Progress 16 14 17 8 40 16 24 26 34 443 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 7%
Cash & Bank 354 618 853 834 1,140 1,296 1,461 1,732 1,931 2,263 30% 43% 47% 36% 44% 40% 46% 45% 38% 37%
Investments - - - - - - - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Inventory 10 8 7 7 8 10 7 8 10 11 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Receivables 149 162 289 551 587 778 521 572 1,143 1,374 13% 11% 16% 24% 23% 24% 17% 15% 22% 23%
Loans & Advances (Manually co 59 76 65 24 33 31 97 25 60 34 5% 5% 4% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 1%
Other Assets 419 400 425 705 603 825 732 1,186 1,561 1,624 36% 28% 23% 30% 23% 25% 23% 31% 31% 27%
TOTAL ASSETS 1,162 1,437 1,826 2,319 2,594 3,241 3,153 3,884 5,089 6,091 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Invested Capital from the Liability Side of Balance Sheet = (Book Value of Equity + Book Value of Debt - Cash)
Invested Capital 90 -76 -66 121 -69 17 75 244 632 1,028
Average Invested Capital 7 -71 27 26 -26 46 159 438 830
Median Min Max
ROIC (EBIAT / Average Invested Capital) 1446% -264% 588% 886% -1805% 223% 386% 207% 126% 223% -1805% 1446%
with DuPont breakup
EBIAT/Sales 8% 12% 11% 12% 21% 13% 33% 26% 25% 13% 8% 33%
Sales/Av Invested Capital 190.4 -21.4 54.0 72.4 -87.7 16.9 11.8 8.1 5.1 11.8 -87.7 190.4
Fixed Asset 172 173 187 197 223 301 336 362 385 785
Average Fixed Assets 172 180 192 210 262 318 349 373 585
Av Fixed Assets/Sales 13% 12% 13% 11% 12% 41% 19% 11% 14% 13% 11% 41%
Av Fixed Asset Turnover 7.93 8.44 7.62 8.90 8.65 2.44 5.39 9.49 7.30 7.9 2.4 9.5
Average Invested Capital from the Asset Side of Balance Sheet = Average Net Block & CWIP + Average Net Working Capital
Average Invested Capital -674 -731 -607 -482 -788 -1,468 -2,092 -2,105 -1,607
Av Fixed Asset Turnover 7.9 8.4 7.6 8.9 8.7 2.4 5.4 9.5 7.30
Av Working Capital Turnover -1.62 -1.67 -1.83 -2.70 -2.16 -0.43 -0.77 -1.43 -1.95
Average Inventory Days 2 2 2 1 1 4 1 1 0.9 Note: Inventory Days and Payable Days are calculated using Sales & not COGS
Average Receivable Days 42 54 105 111 110 305 106 88 107.6
Average Payable Days 270 275 305 248 281 1149 582 345 295.8
Average Working Capital Cycle Days -226 -219 -199 -135 -169 -839 -474 -255 -187.3
Median Min Max Chart of ROIC Pre-Tax
ROIC Pre-Tax -25% -40% -41% -74% -84% -10% -39% -58% -88% -41% -88% -10%
Effective Tax Rate 39% 35% 36% 36% 30% 27% 26% 26% 26%
ROIC -15% -26% -26% -47% -59% -7% -29% -43% -65% -29% -65% -7%
NOTES:
1) The formula used for breaking up ROIC into its components is given in the adjacent image
2) To correctly calculate ROIC you need to several adjustments such as Identifying operating assets,
Capitalizing Operating & Financial Expenses, removing one-time & extra-ordinary items, adjusting taxes, etc
These adjustments are ESSENTIAL to get a correct measurement of ROIC or any other return such as ROE, ROA,
ROCE, etc. However, to do the same we need more granular level data from the Annual Report
HENCE, ROIC calculated without adjustments are ROUGH ESTIMATES of the actual return
Input ONLY in Cells denoted as:
ROIC ESTIMATOR
Calculate the impact of ROIC of a company using your estimates of margins, tax and capital efficiency ratios
1) Refer to the historical ranges of these inputs so that you make more informed estimates.
It is very much possible that you can have estimates higher/lower than the historical ranges.
But you should have strong reasons for doing so
2) Remember that these historical numbers are without adjustments as stated in the previous tab
NOTES:
1) The adjacent formula is used to convert ROIC (calculated from above) into ROE
capital efficiency ratios
2.4 9.5
1 4
42 305
247.5949 1148.585
26% 39%
previous tab
Dec-24 Dec-23 Dec-22 Sep-24 Sep-23 Sep-22 Jun-24 Jun-23 Mar-24 Mar-23
Sales 1,225 1,118 918 1,064 992 806 1,118 1,002 1,155 965
10% 22% 7% 23% 12% 20%
Operating Profit 404 380 315 360 353 286 361 329 347 313
6% 20% 2% 23% 10% 11%
COMPANY NAME INDIAN RAILWAY CATERING & TOURISM CORPOR
LATEST VERSION 2.10 PLEAS
CURRENT VERSION 2.10
META
Number of shares 80.00
Face Value 2.00
Current Price 689.05
Market Capitalization 55,124.00
Quarters
Report Date Sep-22 Dec-22 Mar-23 Jun-23
Sales 805.80 918.06 965.02 1,001.79
Expenses 500.93 592.26 640.41 658.80
Other Income 25.99 32.11 65.11 -12.69
Depreciation 18.57 10.37 11.22 13.69
Interest 4.83 4.90 3.90 4.13
Profit before tax 307.46 342.64 374.60 312.48
Tax 81.43 87.12 95.81 80.25
Net profit 226.03 255.53 278.80 232.22
Operating Profit 304.87 325.80 324.61 342.99
BALANCE SHEET
Report Date Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18
Equity Share Capital 20.00 20.00 40.00 40.00
Reserves 424.25 522.07 746.56 914.53
Borrowings
Other Liabilities 717.86 894.98 1,039.89 1,364.58
Total 1,162.11 1,437.05 1,826.45 2,319.11
Net Block 155.32 158.61 170.40 189.82
Capital Work in Progress 16.48 14.19 16.83 7.65
Investments
Other Assets 990.31 1,264.25 1,639.22 2,121.64
Total 1,162.11 1,437.05 1,826.45 2,319.11
Receivables 148.98 162.11 289.40 550.92
Inventory 9.54 8.26 6.58 7.41
Cash & Bank 354.08 617.88 852.96 833.87
No. of Equity Shares 20,000,000.00 20,000,000.00 40,000,000.00 40,000,000.00
New Bonus Shares 20,000,000.00
Face value 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
CASH FLOW:
Report Date Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18
Cash from Operating Activity 68.70 287.65 338.24 23.63
Cash from Investing Activity -45.84 7.10 93.57 40.21
Cash from Financing Activity -16.85 -31.45 -135.95 -56.79
Net Cash Flow 6.02 263.30 295.86 7.04
PRICE:
DERIVED:
Adjusted Equity Shares in Cr 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00
PLEASE DO NOT MAKE ANY CHANGES TO THIS SHEET