NURSING INFORMATICS

WEEK 2

NURSING INFORMATICS ●​ Enhancing patient care with Electronic

●​ Nursing students will explore and examine Health Records (EHR), monitoring
the basics and use of information and systems, and decision-support tools.
communication technologies for health to
promote informatics-enabled nursing ADMINISTRATION:
practice, education, and research. ●​ Staffing systems, quality improvement
dashboards, and workflow management.
DEFINITION:
●​ Nursing informatics is a specialty that EDUCATION:
integrates nursing science, computer ●​ Simulation tools, e-learning platforms, and
science, and information science to virtual learning environments.
manage and communicate data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom in RESEARCH:
nursing practice. ●​ Data analytics, big data studies, and
informatics-based methodologies.
AIM:
●​ It aims to improve patient care by FOUNDATION OF
supporting decision-making, enhancing KNOWLEDGE MODEL
safety, and optimizing outcomes through
technology and evidence-based practices. The Foundation of Knowledge Model
describes how nurses interact with data,
KEY ASPECTS: information, knowledge, and wisdom
●​ Data: Raw facts (e.g., vital signs, lab dynamically.
results).
●​ Information: Processed data with
meaning (e.g.,trends in blood pressure
readings).
●​ Knowledge: Application of information to
make decisions (e.g., deciding on
interventions based on patient vitals).
●​ Wisdom: Judging and acting
appropriately based on accumulated
knowledge (e.g., initiating emergency care
based on assessment).

SCOPE OF NURSING
INFORMATICS Knowledge Acquisition:
●​ Nursing informatics applies to: ●​ Gaining data through education, research,
CLINICAL PRACTICE: and experiences.

Lim, Aica Jurisse

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
WEEK 2

Knowledge Processing: KEY ROLES IN NURSING

●​ Organizing and analyzing information. INFORMATICS
●​ Knowledge Worker. Uses clinical tools
Knowledge Generation: like EHRs for informed decision-making.
●​ Creating new knowledge from processed
information. ●​ Knowledge Manager. Implements
systems
Knowledge Dissemination: for processing and managing knowledge.
●​ Sharing knowledge through
documentation, presentations, and ●​ Knowledge Developer. Innovates and
collaborations. enhances systems using AI or predictive
analytics.
Feedback:
●​ Continuous learning and refinement of Competencies in Nursing
knowledge based on practice outcomes. Informatics
Nurses require three types of competencies:
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION
OF NURSING INFORMATICS ●​ Technical Skills. Proficiency in EHR
systems, data analysis, and clinical
software.
1960s: ●​ Interpersonal Skills. Effective
●​ Introduction of computers in healthcare. communication with interdisciplinary
teams and patients.
1980s: ●​ Cognitive Skills. Critical thinking,
●​ Nursing informatics recognized as a applying nursing theories, and
specialty. evidence-based decision-making.

1990s-2000s:
●​ Implementation of electronic health
records (EHRs) and decision-support
systems.

Present:
●​ Focus on interoperability, AI, Telehealth,
and patient-centered technologies.

Lim, Aica Jurisse

BSN 2H
NURSING INFORMATICS
WEEK 2

KEY TAKEAWAYS

●​ Nursing informatics supports safe,

efficient, and evidence-based nursing
practice.
●​ The Foundation of Knowledge Model
underpins how nurses acquire and apply
knowledge.
●​ Historical advancements highlight the
growing importance of technology in
nursing.
●​ Nurses play dynamic roles in informatics,
requiring a combination of technical,
cognitive, and interpersonal skills.

Lim, Aica Jurisse

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
WEEK 3

Foundation of Knowledge Dissemination

●​ Sharing knowledge with colleagues,
Knowledge Model
patients, and stakeholders for
improved outcomes.

Practical Scenario
A nurse caring for a patient with
respiratory issues.

Knowledge Acquisition
●​ Using a pulse oximeter to gather
oxygen saturation data.
Knowledge Processing
●​ Comparing results to normal ranges.
●​ The Foundation of Knowledge Knowledge Generation
Model describes how nurses ●​ Determining the need for oxygen
interact with data, information, therapy.
knowledge, and wisdom Knowledge Dissemination
dynamically. ●​ Communicating findings to the
●​ The Foundation of Knowledge Model healthcare team.
illustrates how nurses manage
knowledge through four processes:
Integration of Nursing,
Knowledge Acquisition Computer, and
●​ Gathering data and information from Information Science
various sources, including clinical
tools and patient interactions. Nursing Science
●​ Focuses on patient care and clinical
Knowledge Processing knowledge. Provides the clinical
●​ Organizing and analyzing the expertise and understanding needed
acquired data to form meaningful for patient care.
information. Computer Science
●​ Provides tools such as electronic
Knowledge Generation health records (EHRs), mobile
●​ Creating new knowledge through health apps, and decision support
insights, critical thinking, and systems.
problem-solving based on processed Information Science
information.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
WEEK 3

●​ effective organization, storage, and Information Science

retrieval of healthcare data for ●​ Information science ensures that
decision-making. data is efficiently managed and
shared, making it accessible for
TELEHEALTH real-time decision-making. It
Practical Example supports:
๏Integration of patient data into EHR
Nursing Science systems for continuity of care.
●​ Nurses use their clinical expertise to ๏Use of algorithms to flag abnormal
assess, plan, and deliver care readings or trends (e.g., rising
remotely through telehealth glucose levels).
platforms. ๏Secure transmission of sensitive
●​ They guide patients in health data to comply with privacy
understanding symptoms, standards.
performing self-care, and managing APPLICATION: The glucometer data is
chronic conditions. stored in the patient’s EHR, allowing the
APPLICATION: A nurse conducts a virtual nurse and physician to collaborate
consultation for a patient with diabetes. seamlessly on adjusting the treatment plan.
Using their knowledge of the condition, they
evaluate the patient’s glucose logs and How These Sciences Work
dietary patterns. Together
When a patient with diabetes uses
Computer Science telehealth:
●​ Computer systems provide the
technological foundation for Nursing Science
telehealth, enabling: ●​ The nurse interprets the patient’s
๏Video consultations via secure glucose readings and provides
teleconferencing platforms (e.g., dietary recommendations during the
Zoom for Healthcare). virtual consultation.
๏Remote monitoring through
wearable devices (e.g., glucometers,
Computer Science
heart rate monitors).
●​ The telehealth platform enables the
๏Mobile health apps for tracking
consultation and collects data from
vitals and adherence to treatment
the glucometer.
plans.
APPLICATION: A wearable glucometer
sends real-time blood glucose readings to Information Science
the nurse’s dashboard during a ●​ The system processes and flags any
consultation. critical glucose levels, sharing the

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
WEEK 3

data securely with the care team for ●​ Information: The readings are
follow-up. consistently above normal,
suggesting poorly controlled
TELEHEALTH hypertension.
Impact on Nursing Practice The nurse correlates the readings with the
●​ Improves access to care for patients patient’s symptoms to identify the need for
in remote areas. intervention.
●​ Enhances monitoring and early
detection of complications. ●​ Knowledge: The nurse uses clinical
●​ Reduces the need for in-person expertise to conclude that the patient
visits, making care more efficient may not be adhering to prescribed
and patient-centered. medications or dietary guidelines.
The nurse evaluates the treatment plan,
DIKW FRAMEWORK considering the patient’s history and
medication regimen.
The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom
(DIKW) Framework explains the flow from
●​ Wisdom: The nurse initiates a video
raw data to actionable wisdom in clinical
consultation to counsel the patient
practice:
on adherence and updates the
●​ Data. Raw facts, such as blood
treatment plan in collaboration with
pressure readings.
the physician.
●​ Information. Contextualized data,
A follow-up schedule is created to ensure
such as identifying high blood
the patient’s blood pressure stabilizes over
pressure as hypertension.
time.
●​ Knowledge. Applying clinical
expertise to determine the cause
and appropriate treatment. DIKW FRAMEWORK
Practical Scenario
●​ Wisdom. Using experience and
Managing a Patient with
judgment to decide the best course Hypertension Using
SCIENCES
of action. Telehealth

Practical Scenario Data: Blood pressure Nursing Science

Managing a Patient with Hypertension readings from the The nurse provides
wearable device, e.g., clinical expertise to
Using Telehealth 160/100 mmHg. interpret the patient’s
Patient reported symptoms, evaluate
●​ Data: Blood pressure readings from symptoms like headaches health trends, and plan
the wearable device, e.g., 160/100 or dizziness collected care.
through the telehealth Educating the patient
mmHg. platform. about proper
Patient-reported symptoms like headaches medication adherence
or dizziness collected through the telehealth Information: The and lifestyle
platform. readings are consistently changes.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
WEEK 3

above normal, suggesting Computer Science DIKW FRAMEWORK SCIENCES

poorly controlled The telehealth platform INTEGRATION
hypertension. and wearable blood
The nurse correlates the pressure monitor allow Raw blood pressure • Nursing science
readings with the patient’s real-time tracking of readings (Data) become ensures accurate
symptoms to the patient’s blood actionable insights interpretation and patient
identify the need for pressure. (Knowledge) that inform centered care.
intervention. A wearable device clinical decisions
transmits blood (Wisdom). • Computer science
Knowledge: The nurse pressure data to the facilitates real-time
uses clinical expertise to telehealth app, and monitoring through
conclude that the nurse monitors this telehealth tools.
the patient may not be remotely.
adhering to prescribed • Information science
medications or Information Science ensures efficient data
dietary guidelines. The patient’s blood storage, analysis,
The nurse evaluates the pressure data is stored in and secure
treatment plan, their EHR. Algorithms communication.
considering the patient’s analyze trends and alert
history and medication the care team when
regimen. abnormal readings are
detected.
Wisdom: The nurse • A critical spike in blood
initiates a video pressure triggers
consultation to counsel an alert for the nurse to
the patient on adherence intervene
and updates the treatment promptly.
plan in
collaboration with the
physician. Patient-Centered Informatics
A follow-up schedule is and Health Literacy
created to ensure the
patient’s blood
Patient-centered informatics focuses on
pressure stabilizes over empowering patients to participate in their
time. care through technology. Health literacy
ensures patients understand how to use
these tools effectively.

Patient-Centered Tools
Wearable devices (e.g., Fitbit) track steps
and vitals. Mobile health apps for
medication reminders and chronic disease
management.
Nurses act as knowledge disseminators,
teaching patients how to use these tools to
improve self-care and manage conditions.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
WEEK 3

Big Data in Nursing Practice ●​ Enhanced Patient

Big data refers to large volumes of complex Communication: The system can
healthcare data collected from EHRs, generate draft responses to patient
wearable devices, mobile health apps, and inquiries, streamlining
clinical research. communication.
●​ Medical Coding Assistance: AI
Relevance to Nursing aids in accurate coding, ensuring
Nurses analyze big data trends to identify proper billing and record-keeping.
patterns, predict patient outcomes, and
improve care quality. AdventHealth Orlando (Orlando, Florida)
Example. A hospital tracks falls among Baptist Medical Center (Jacksonville,
patients across units using big data Florida)
analytics. Nurses use insights to implement
fall prevention strategies. AI Integration in EHRs
Mayo Clinic's AI-Enhanced EHR System
Artificial Intelligence (AI) The Mayo Clinic has integrated AI tools into
in Nursing its EHR system to improve clinical
AI-powered tools analyze healthcare data, decision-making and reduce administrative
support decision-making, and automate burdens.
routine tasks.
In partnership with Google Cloud, they have
Applications in Nursing
implemented:
Virtual health assistants provide education
●​ Predictive Analytics: AI models
and reminders to patients at home.
analyze patient data to predict
●​ Predictive models identify patients at
outcomes, allowing nurses to
risk of sepsis or readmission.
proactively manage patient care.
Example. AI helps nurses prioritize care by
●​ Streamlined Documentation: AI
flagging deteriorating patients in real-time
assists in organizing and retrieving
through early warning systems.
patient information efficiently,
facilitating better care coordination.
AI Integration in EHRs
Epic Systems' Integration with Microsoft This integration enhances patient care and
Azure OpenAI Epic Systems has partnered operational efficiency at the Mayo Clinic.
with Microsoft to incorporate OpenAI's
GPT-4 capabilities into its EHR platform.
AI Integration in EHRs
●​ Automated Clinical Note
Nuance's Dragon Medical One Nuance
Generation: AI assists in drafting
offers Dragon Medical One, an AI-powered
patient progress notes, reducing
speech recognition tool that integrates with
documentation time for nurses.
various EHR systems. Features include:

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
WEEK 3

●​ Real-Time Transcription: Converts

spoken words into text, allowing
nurses to document patient
encounters efficiently.
●​ Voice Commands: Enables
hands-free navigation of EHRs,
improving workflow efficiency.

This tool is widely adopted in hospitals to

enhance documentation accuracy and
reduce the time nurses spend on
administrative tasks.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
Information and Knowledge Needs of Nurses in Practice
WEEK 4

Information Needs at the 1.​ Assessment. Collecting patient data

(e.g vital signs, lab results)
Point of Care 2.​ Diagnosis. Identifying health issues
Information required by nurses to deliver based on the data
safe and effective care. Timely access to 3.​ Planning. Developing a care plan
accurate information improve care quality 4.​ Implementation. Executing the care
and reduces errors plan
5.​ Evaluation. Assessing outcomes
TYPES OF INFORMATION NEEDS: and adjusting care as needed.
●​ Patient Information: Medical
history, current condition, diagnostic INFORMATICS TOOLS
results, and medication records Supporting Decision Making
●​ Clinical Guidelines: Evidenced
based protocols for diagnosis and ●​ Electronic Health Records (EHRs).
treatment Provide comprehensive patient
●​ Communication Needs: Sharing information
information among healthcare team ●​ Clinical Decision Support
members Systems (CDSS). Offer alerts,
reminders, and evidenced based
Example: A nurse managing a diabetic recommendations
patient may need information about ●​ Mobile Health Applications: Quick
recent blood glucose levels, insulin access to drug information and
doses, and dietary intake to make care clinical guidelines.
decisions.
Practical Example: A nurse using CDSS
CHALLENGES IN MEETING receives an alert about a potential drug
INFORMATION NEEDS interaction when administering
●​ Fragmented information systems medication.
●​ TIme constraints during clinical shifts
●​ Limited interoperability between
health information systems.
Real-Time Clinical
Surveillance Systems
Clinical Decision Making Continuous monitoring of patient data using
advanced informatics systems to detect
and the Role of early signs of clinical deterioration.
Informatics Tools
The process of choosing the best course of How it Works
action based on available information. ●​ Data from medical devices (e.g,
heart monitors, pulse oximeters)
Stages of Clinical Decision-Making feed into surveillance systems.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
Information and Knowledge Needs of Nurses in Practice
WEEK 4

●​ The system analyzes trends and The TIGER framework is designed to

triggers alerts for abnormal values. advance nursing practice by promoting the
use of information technology (IT) and
informatics tools.
Benefits
●​ Early detection of complications It is grounded in the belief that technology
(e.g., sepsis, respiratory failure) can improve patient outcomes, increase
●​ Reduces response time and efficiency, and enhance the overall
improves patient outcomes healthcare experience.

Example: In intensive care units (ICUs). Technology Informatics Guiding

Early Warning Systems (EWS) notify Education Reform: KEY COMPETENCY
nurses when a patient vital signs AREAS (TIGER Competencies)
indicate potential instability, allowing
prompt intervention. BASIC COMPUTER SKILLS
●​ Nurses need to be proficient in the
●​ Nurses use real time alerts to use of common computer software
prioritize care for patients at and hardware, including electronic
risk. health records (EHRs), data entry
●​ Decision making is guided by tools, and communication platforms.
continuously updated clinical
data INFORMATION LITERACY
●​ This competency involves the ability
Data Literacy and to locate, evaluate, and apply clinical
information effectively
Informatics Competencies ●​ Nurses must know how to search for
The ability to collect, interpret, and use data evidence-based resources,
effectively for clinical decision making understand the reliability of data,
and use information to inform clinical
●​ Data driven care improves patient decisions.
outcomes and operational efficiency
●​ Nurses must understand how to INFORMATICS LITERACY
navigate and interpret data from ●​ The ability to understand and apply
electronic health records (EHRs) the principles of nursing informatics
and performance dashboards. in practice. This includes the use of
EHRs, decision support systems,
TIGER FRAMEWORK data analysis tools, and other
Technology Informatics Guiding technologies that support clinical
Education Reform decision making.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
Information and Knowledge Needs of Nurses in Practice
WEEK 4

●​ Informatics literacy ensures that The TIGER framework emphasizes the

nurses can use data effectively to need for ongoing education and skill
enhance patient care and safety development to ensure that nurses can
effectively navigate and leverage
technology in their practice. This approach
helps address the evolving demands of the
ADVANCED INFORMATICS healthcare system and empowers nurses to
COMPETENCIES play a key role in improving patient care
●​ For more experienced nurses or through technology and data driven decision
those in specialized roles, advanced making.
informatics competencies include
the ability to manage health Interoperability and Health
information systems, interpret
complex data, and lead informatics
Information Exchange (HIE)
initiatives to improve care quality. The seamless sharing of health information
between different healthcare providers and
systems.

TIGER FRAMEWORK ●​ Enables access to complete patient

THE IMPORTANCE OF TIGER Framework histories, improving care
coordination and reducing redundant
●​ Improves Patient Care. Nurses tests
equipped with informatics skills are ●​ Supports continuity of care,
better able to access, interpret, and especially for patients transitioning
apply data that directly impacts between care settings.
patient care, leading to improved
outcomes. TYPES OF INTEROPERABILITY
●​ Foundational. Basic communication
●​ Enhances Operational Efficiency. between systems
Technology integration streamlines ●​ Structural. Standardized data
processes, reduces errors, and formats for consistent exchange
improves the efficiency of healthcare ●​ Semantic. Data Interpretation
delivery. across systems

●​ Supports Evidence Based Example: Large health networks like

Practice. The framework Kaiser Permanente use HIEs to ensure
encourages nurses to use data to providers can access patient Information
inform their clinical decisions, regardless of location. Nurses leverage
ensuring that practices are based on HIEs to obtain comprehensive patient
the best available evidence. data, enabling better care decisions.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
Ethical Applications & EBP Legislative Aspects
WEEK 5

Ethics in Informatics ●​ Health Integration. When data is

ETHICS refers to a systematic process for shared with healthcare providers, it
examining moral questions about right and often becomes part of the patients
wrong. health record, subject to privacy
laws (HIPAA in the U.S or Data
As informatics tools reshape healthcare, Privacy Act in the PH)
ethical considerations become increasingly
complex. Nurses must navigate issues like DATA OWNERSHIP
privacy, data security, and maintaining ●​ Security Measures. Effective dara
autonomy while using digital technologies. encryption, secure storage, and
restricted access are crucial to
Key Ethical Principles: protecting sensitive health
●​ Autonomy. Respecting the patients information.
right to make informed decisions ●​ Regulatory Compliance.
●​ Beneficence. Acting in the best Companies must adhere to privacy
interest of the patient regulations such as HIPAA of the
●​ Nonmaleficence. Avoiding harm to Data Privacy Act when processing
the patient health data.
●​ Justice. Ensuring fair and equitable ●​ Transparency. Companies should
care clearly communicate how they
collect, use, share, and protect user
data through privacy policies.
Emerging Ethical Issues
●​ PRIVACY CONCERNS. Wearable
devices and apps now collect Emerging Ethical Issues
extensive personal health data.
●​ Example: Fitness trackers ●​ SOCIAL MEDIA RISKS. Healthcare
that monitor heart rates and sleep professionals may inadvertently
patterns breach patient confidentiality
●​ Ethical Concern: Who owns ●​ Example: A nurse posts
this data, and how is it protected? details about challenging patient
case on social media without
DATA OWNERSHIP: revealing a name but provides
●​ Device/User Agreement. Typically, enough details for identification.
the manufacturer of the device or
app provider owns the data.

●​ User Rights. Users usually have the

right to access their own health data,
but limitations may exist on how they
can use or share it.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
Ethical Applications & EBP Legislative Aspects
WEEK 5

●​ Ethical Concerns: What

steps can healthcare providers take
to maintain confidentiality when
using social media.

Ethical Decision
Making Model
1.​ Examine the ethical dilemma.
Identify conflicting values
2.​ Comprehend possible
alternatives. List viable solutions
3.​ Hypothesize ethical arguments.
Explore ethical justifications
4.​ Investigate and evaluate. Analyze
consequences of each alternative
5.​ Choose an alternative. Select the
most ethical solution
6.​ Act on the decision. Implement the
solution
7.​ Reflect on the decision: Assess
the outcome and lessons learned.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
Ethical Applications & EBP Legislative Aspects
WEEK 5

●​ Data Storage. Securely organizing

and maintaining data.
●​ Data Processing. Analyzing data to
generate actionable insights
●​ Information Dissemination.
Sharing evidence to guide clinical
decision

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Are tools that provide evidence based
recommendations to support clinical
decision making.

BARRIERS TO EBP
●​ Data Overload. Too much
information can overwhelm clinicians
●​ Resistance to Technology. Some
healthcare providers may be
hesitant to adopt new tools
●​ Ethical and Legal Concerns.
Issues around data privacy and
security.

EVIDENCE BASED
PRACTICE
Evidence Based Practice (EBP) involves
integrating clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and the best available
research evidence to improve patient
outcomes.
Informatics Supporting EBP
●​ Data Capture. Collecting accurate
and timely patient information

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
Ethical Applications & EBP Legislative Aspects
WEEK 5

LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS IN ●​ Patient Rights. Ensure that

individuals can access and correct
NURSING INFORMATICS their health information
●​ The rapid adoption of electronic
health records (EHRs) has made the
protection of patient information
Differences Between HIPAA
critical. and RA 10173
●​ Legal frameworks like HIPAA (USA)
and DATA PRIVACY ACT (PH)
ensure management and sharing of
health data.

HIPAA
The Health Insurance Portability and
Accountabillity Act (HIPAA) in the USA was
enacted in 1996 to protect the confidentiality
and security of patient health information.

Key Components
●​ Privacy Rule: Protects the
confidentiality of Protected Health
information (PHI)
●​ Security Rule: Requires safeguards
for electronic PHI (ePHI)
●​ Breach Notification Rule:
Mandates notifications for data
breaches.
●​ Enforcement Rule: Establishes
penalties for violations.

Similarities Between HIPAA

and RA 10173
●​ Protection of Personal Health
Information: Both laws aims to
safeguard patient data.
●​ Security Requirements. Both
mandate technical, administrative,
and physical safeguards
●​ Breach Notification. Require timely
notification of data breaches.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H
 NURSING INFORMATICS
Ethical Applications & EBP Legislative Aspects
WEEK 5

Implications for Healthcare

Informatics
HIPAA
●​ Strong emphasis on ePHI security in
healthcare settings.
●​ Encourages the adoption of
electronic health records.

RA 10173
●​ Broader data protection
requirements beyon healthcare.
●​ Promotes responsible data
management across all sectors.

Aica Jurisse Lim

BSN 2H