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Ising Model Problem

The document outlines a project involving the Ising model on a 2D square lattice of N x N atoms with spins of ±1. It describes the calculation of energy using nearest neighbor interactions, the use of the Boltzmann relation for spin configurations, and the application of the Metropolis algorithm to sample configurations until magnetization stabilizes. The goal is to analyze how magnetization varies with temperature (kB T) and to investigate potential phase transitions.

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ep23btech11028
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2 views

Ising Model Problem

The document outlines a project involving the Ising model on a 2D square lattice of N x N atoms with spins of ±1. It describes the calculation of energy using nearest neighbor interactions, the use of the Boltzmann relation for spin configurations, and the application of the Metropolis algorithm to sample configurations until magnetization stabilizes. The goal is to analyze how magnetization varies with temperature (kB T) and to investigate potential phase transitions.

Uploaded by

ep23btech11028
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project 6

Ising model
Consider a 2D square lattice of N × N atoms. They have a spin σ = ±1,
either pointing up or down. The lattice sites can be labelled with some index.
Take N = 50. The energy of this system is defined as
X
E = −J σi σj (1)
i,j

Here σi , σj are the spins at nearest neighbor lattice sites i and j. Take
J = 1. Each neighboring pair is counted only once, each site has four nearest
neighbors. Take periodic boundary conditions for the grid.
Start with a random initialization of the spins on the lattice. The prob-
ability of finding a particular configuration of spins, denoted by s, depends
on it’s energy Es by the Boltzmann relation
 
Es
P (s) ∝ exp − (2)
kB T

Randomly flip spins according to this probability and generate a bunch of


configurations that follow this probability distribution using the Metropolis
algorithm. Continue this till you have sampled a broad range of energies and
the magnetization becomes steady. The magnetization is defined as
X
M =( σi )/(N 2 ) (3)
i

Perform this simulation for different values of kB T ranging from 0.1 to


10. Calculate the magnetization in the equilibriated state. Analyze how the
magnetization varies with kB T and see if there is a phase transition with
temperature.

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