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Lab 5

The lab report details the implementation of half and full adder circuits using hardware components, highlighting their roles in binary addition. The half adder can add two single-bit binary numbers but lacks a carry-in input, while the full adder can handle three inputs, including a carry-in, making it suitable for multi-bit operations. These circuits are essential components in digital electronics, particularly in arithmetic logic units.

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Jawad Ahmed
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22 views4 pages

Lab 5

The lab report details the implementation of half and full adder circuits using hardware components, highlighting their roles in binary addition. The half adder can add two single-bit binary numbers but lacks a carry-in input, while the full adder can handle three inputs, including a carry-in, making it suitable for multi-bit operations. These circuits are essential components in digital electronics, particularly in arithmetic logic units.

Uploaded by

Jawad Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Report 5

Jawad Ahmed

Sir Usama Shaukat


—
Logic & Sequential
Circuit Design
—
1st March, 2025
—

Syndicate A
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533047
Implementation of Half and Full Adder Circuits

Introduction

In this lab, you will implement half and full adder circuits using hardware components. These adders
play a fundamental role in digital electronics by performing binary addition.

Half Adder

An adder is a digital logic circuit used to perform the addition of binary numbers. The half adder is
designed to add two single-bit binary numbers, known as the augend and addend, and generates two outputs:
sum and carry.

The reason it is called a "half adder" is that it can only handle the addition of two binary digits at a time.
Unlike a full adder, it does not have a provision for carrying input from a previous stage, which makes it
unsuitable for multi-bit binary addition. Therefore, for adding multi-bit binary numbers, a full adder circuit is
required.

 Sum (S) = A ⊕ B (XOR operation)


 Carry (C) = A • B (AND operation)

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Full Adder

Full Adder is the circuit that consists of two EX-OR gates, two AND gates, and one OR gate. Full
Adder is the adder that adds three inputs and produces two outputs which consist of two EX-OR gates, two
AND gates, and one OR Gate. The first two inputs are A and B and the third input is an input carry as C-IN.
The output carry is designated as C-OUT and the normal output is designated as S which is SUM.

 Sum (S) = A ⊕ B ⊕ Cin


 Carry (Cout) = (A • B) + (Cin • (A ⊕ B))

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Conclusion
In this lab, we successfully implemented half and full adder circuits using hardware components. The
half adder was able to perform binary addition of two bits but lacked a carry-in input, making it unsuitable for
multi-bit operations. On the other hand, the full adder effectively handled three inputs, including a carry-in,
enabling it to be cascaded for multi-bit binary addition. These adders are fundamental building blocks in digital
circuits and are widely used in arithmetic logic units (ALUs) and computational systems.

JAWAD AHMED

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