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Bluetooth Module Iiot

The HC-05 is a Bluetooth-to-Serial-Bridge module that enables wireless communication between microcontrollers and Bluetooth-enabled devices, with a nominal range of 10 meters. It operates in two modes: AT mode for configuration and Data mode for transparent data transmission, and can function as either a Master or Slave device. The module requires a 3.3V logic level and includes a pinout for various connections, with an onboard LED indicating its operational status.

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Hardik Varshney
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19 views4 pages

Bluetooth Module Iiot

The HC-05 is a Bluetooth-to-Serial-Bridge module that enables wireless communication between microcontrollers and Bluetooth-enabled devices, with a nominal range of 10 meters. It operates in two modes: AT mode for configuration and Data mode for transparent data transmission, and can function as either a Master or Slave device. The module requires a 3.3V logic level and includes a pinout for various connections, with an onboard LED indicating its operational status.

Uploaded by

Hardik Varshney
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HC-05 Hardware Overview

The HC-05 is a Bluetooth-to-Serial-Bridge module that allows wireless communications between


two microcontrollers or between a microcontroller and a smartphone, laptop, or desktop PC with
Bluetooth capability. It’s perfect for directly replacing a wired asynchronous serial interface!

Each of these modules contains a Bluetooth transceiver, meaning they’re capable of both
sending and receiving data.

As a Class 2 Bluetooth device, the HC-05 has a nominal range of 10 m. Of course, that is out in
the open. Its range gets a little weaker inside the house, especially because of the walls.

To top it all off, these modules are very easy to use. There’s no need to mess with Bluetooth
protocols or the stack. Just send data over a serial interface, and it’s piped through to whatever
Bluetooth device it’s connected to.

As a Class 2 Bluetooth device, the HC-05 has a nominal range of 10 m. Of course, that is out in
the open. Its range gets a little weaker inside the house, especially because of the walls.

To top it all off, these modules are very easy to use. There’s no need to mess with Bluetooth
protocols or the stack. Just send data over a serial interface, and it’s piped through to whatever
Bluetooth device it’s connected to.

Modes of Operation

Controlling the HC-05 module and sending data through it are two different operations, but they
are both accomplished through the serial interface. To distinguish between these two types of
data, the HC-05 employs two distinct communication modes: AT mode and Data mode.

In AT Mode, you can configure various settings of the HC-05 module, such as its name, baud
rate, PIN code, and data rate.
In Data Mode, the HC-05 module acts as a transparent data gateway. When the HC-05
receives data, it removes the Bluetooth headers and trailers and sends it to the UART port.
When data is written to the UART port, the HC-05 constructs a Bluetooth packet and sends it
over the Bluetooth wireless connection.

Connection Roles

The HC-05 Bluetooth module can function in two main roles: Master and Slave.

In Slave Role, the HC-05 module waits for other devices to initiate a connection. This is the
module’s default role and is commonly used in projects where you want to control things using a
smartphone.

In Master Role, the HC-05 actively searches for other Bluetooth devices and tries to initiate a
connection. This mode is used in projects where two microcontrollers need to communicate
wirelessly.

To switch between roles, you need to configure the HC-05 module by putting it into AT mode
and sending AT commands over the UART port.

Power

The maximum operating voltage of the bare HC-05 chip is 3.3V. Therefore, the module includes
a linear 3.3V regulator, which allows a voltage from 3.6V to 6V to be used to supply power to
the module.

It is important to note that the HC-05 module has a 3.3V logic level, so we cannot connect the
HC-05 module’s Rx pin directly to a digital pin on a 5V microcontroller like an Arduino UNO. In
other words, the Rx pin on the HC-05 module is not 5V-tolerant. Therefore, before connecting to
the HC-05 module, the microcontroller’s Tx signal must be stepped down to 3.3V.

The current consumption of the HC-05 module depends on what state it is in. This table from
the datasheet provides some good estimates:

Status LED

Many HC-05 modules come with an onboard LED.

It blinks at various rates to indicate the status:

● When powered up, the module enters Bluetooth pairing mode, with the LED flashing
rapidly at about 2 Hz.
● When the module is paired with a device, the LED flash pattern changes to two quick
flashes, followed by a pause, and then repeats.
● When the module is put into AT mode, the LED blinks at a slow and steady rate.
AT Mode

AT Mode is the configuration mode where you can send Hayes AT-style commands to the HC-
05 module to change its settings like name, baud rate, password, etc.

Normally, the HC-05 module is in data mode. To put it into AT mode, you need to press-and-
hold the onboard button while powering up the module. The LED will then start blinking at a
slow and steady rate, indicating that the module is in AT mode.

Once in AT mode, you can send AT commands to the module over the UART port. The module
will respond to the commands, either by acknowledging the command, providing the requested
data, or signaling an error. The commands usually start with “AT+” followed by the specific
command, e.g., “AT+NAME?” queries the name of the module or “AT+NAME=MyHC05”
changes the name to “MyHC05”.

HC-05 Pinout
The HC-05 module breaks out six pins. Let’s look at the pinout.

STATE pin can be used to determine the current status of the HC-05 module. The State pin is
LOW when the module is not paired and HIGH when it is.

RXD pin receives serial data from the microcontroller. It should be connected to the TX of the
microcontroller. Please note that this pin is not 5V-tolerant. Therefore, before connecting the
module to a 5V microcontroller, the microcontroller’s Tx signal must be stepped down to 3.3V.

TXD pin sends serial data to the microcontroller. It should be connected to the RX of the
microcontroller.

GND is the ground pin, common to any other device connected to the module.

VCC is where you connect the positive supply voltage. This voltage supply signal is routed to
the HC-05 chip via a 3.3V regulator. It should range from 3.6V to 6V.

EN is connected to the on-board regulator enable pin and is pulled high by a 220k resistor.
Pulling this pin low disables the regulator, which consequently turns off the HC-05.

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