MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573

202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in
Department of Mechanical Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Title of the Project

Name of the student(s) USN(s)

 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

Bachelor of Engineering
2020

Title of the Project

A mini project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Automobile Engineering

by

Name of the student (USN)

Name of the student (USN)
Name of the student (USN)

Under the guidance of

NAME OF THE GUIDE
Designation

ii
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

iii
 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini Project work entitled “Title of the Project” is carried out by

Name of the Student: XXXXX(USN:XXXX), in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Automobile Engineering, Visveshwaraya Technological

University, Belagavi during the academic year 2019-2020.

XXXXXXXX Prof.Dr Y. M. Shashidhara

Internal Guide HOD

External Examiner

iv
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

(Certificate from Industry) IF ANY

v
 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project titled “xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx” submitted to

Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (UGC-Autonomous), affiliated to

Visveshwaraya Technological University,Belagavi (VTU) for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineeringin Automobile Engineeringis a result of original research carried-

out in this thesis. I understand that my report may be made electronically available to the

public.It is further declared that the project report or any part thereof has not been previously

submitted to any University or Institute for the award of degree.

Name of Student(s) :

USN(s):

Degree : Bachelor of Engineeringin Automobile Engineering

Department : Automobile Engineering

Title of the project :

_________________________________

(Names’ of the Students’)

Date:

vi
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

DEDICATION

(Optional)

-o0o-

vii
 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Acknowledgements are to be written by the students as per the sequence mentioned below

1) Principal

2) Head of the Department

3) Internal Guide

4) Parents and other people who helped to complete the project

viii
 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

ABSTRACT

xxxxxx

(Max. 500 words)

Keywords:

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 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Abbreviations

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Problem statement 4

1.3 Scope of research 8

1.4 Research hypothesis 9

1.5 Objectives 10

1.6 Organization of the report 10

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 12

2.1 Background 12

2.14 Summary of literature review and research gap 71

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 73

3.1 Materials 73

x
 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

3.10 Summary of methodology 85

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 87

4.13 Summary of results and discussion 163

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 164

5.1 Conclusion 164

5.2 Recommendations 1

REFERENCES

APPENDICES(if any)

xi
 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 2.1 xxxxxx

Table 2.2 Xxxx

xii
 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 2.1 xxxxxxxx

Figure 2.2 xxxxxxxxxxx

xiii
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573 202
(An Autonomous Institution under VTU, Belagavi & NBA accredited Programme)
Phone: 08172-245317, Fax: 08172-245683 www.mcehassan.ac.in

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

xiv