Table of Contents

No Experiments Page No.

1. Familiarizing with computer hardware and peripherals 3

2. Operating systems 5
3. CD Writing 6
4. E-mail 7
5. Word processor 8
6. Presentation 9
7. Spreadsheet 10
8. Python program to find average of 3 numbers 11
9. Python program to find largest among two numbers 12
10 Python program to print natural numbers 13

`1
 Experiment No. 1
Name of experiment: Familiarising with computer hardware and peripherals

Aim : To identify the internal and external hardware/peripheral components

Objectives: To identify about the internal and external components of PC and networking devices,
connections, ports

Components: PC, printer, scanner, and other available devices and parts
Internal hardware components are motherboard, processor (with heat sink and fan), chipset, harddisk,
CMOS, RAM, SMPS, LAN card and other cards etc
External devices are speakers, USB HDD, USB DVD R/W, pen drive, printer, scanner, projector, network
devices etc.

Tools: Star screw driver, Dust

Blower Theory:
Processor: It is the main execution component.
System on Chip (SoC) type processors contains control unit, ALU and Cache memory.
Intel is the largest processor manufacturer for Desktops and Servers, but not for smartphones. Qualcomm is
major company for quadcore/octacore Snapdragon smartphone processors.
Intel Celeron G 470 is one of the cheapest processor. Intel core series is popular one. Core i5 and Core i7
are apt for graphic uses.

Motherboard: is the most important h/w component as all other components are connected to it and
communicate through it. Intel makes the best motherboards,suitable for their processors.
Gigabyte and Asus also make low cost motherboard brands compatible for Intel and AMD processors. USB
ports, graphics, sound, wifi, BT etc are intergtated in motherboard.

Chipset: It is a set of electronic components in an integrated circuit that manages the data flow between
the processor, memory and peripherals. It is usually found on the motherboard. Chipsets are usually
designed to work with a specific family of microprocessors. Because it controls communications between
the processor and external devices, the chipset plays a crucial role in determining system performance.

Harddisk:
It saves data and files permanently. Since it is a magnetic device, it is much slower than processor.
SSD (Solid state drive) is newly used storage for same purpose of HDD. SSD can also be used side by
side with HDD. SSD don't need electric motor to rotate disks as it don't have disks or any moving
mechanical parts as in HDD.

RAM:
Program and data has to be brought to RAM from HDD for execution.
It is mainly a semi conductor device (flip flops). So it has speed matching to that of Processor.
Size of the RAM decides speed of execution. The more the size, more data and program can placed in
RAM and quickly delivered to processor.
Minimum RAM required is 2GB. 4GB is optimum and 8GB is recommended for highend graphics/games
applications. Cost doubles or rather increases when size increases.

`2
BIOS: It is a computer chip on the motherboard. This chip contains a special program that helps the
computer processor to interact and control the other components like disc drives, video cards, sound
cards, network cards,floppy drives, USB ports, hard drives, and others.
CMOS: It stores information about the computer components esttings like system time, date and other
configuration settings. 3Volt CR2032 is a specification . CMOS battery gives power to CMOS chip.

Procedure:
Dis-assemble a PC and physically demonstrate the internal components, connections, ports. Later re-
assemble and confirm the physical connections. Its optional to demonstrate networking devices

Result:
Above parts are identified either directly or through web sources.

`3
 Experiment No. 2
Name of experiment: Operating systems
Aim : To familiarise with Ubuntu Operating System
Objective: Learn harddisk partitioning, installation of OS, drivers, applications, shell commands
Equipments: PC, external DVD drive, flash drive
Theory :
An operating system is an intermediary between user and computer h/w.
OS has two parts, shell and kernel. Different types of OS are required for different systems viz desktop,
real time, embedded, server, smartphone, workstations, mainframe, super computer systems
Procedure:
Demonstrate following steps.
Steps to Install Ubuntu OS:
Step 1: Download ubuntu iso image from http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop. Select 32 bit
flavour if RAM size is less than 2GB or else select 64 bit
Step 2: Create a start up flash (pen) drive
Step 3: To make pen drive as startup disk, type “Startup disk creator” application by clicking on search
icon on top and create startup disk (format if required)
Step 4: Insert the startup pen drive into a new computer to install Ubuntu
Step 3: Switch on the computer, after long beep, press the bios key (eg: F10 for HP) to enter setup
Step 4: Select Storage->boot order and set boot source priority to USB devices by pressing enter key on
“USB Harddrive” boot option and bring it to upwards by “up arrow” key , then save it and then exit
Step 5: On exit, system will take us to installation
Step 6: Set time zone, admin name as “administrator” and type a
password. Step 7: click continue and wait for few minutes for installation
to complete. Steps for DVD as startup disk.
Step 1: Right click on the iso file and write it directly to a
DVD Step 2: Insert DVD into DVD drive
Step 3: Enter setup as above and set boot priority to optical disc and repeat steps from 6 to 7 as above

After installation, demonstrate shell commands like ls, cp, cat, mv, cd, pwd, man etc at
Terminal Using Ubuntu Software Center(app store), install applications like Chrome, okular,
LaTex etc.

Result: Familiarised with OS commands and installation

`4
 Experiment No. 3
Name of experiment: CD writing

Aim : To write files to optical

discs

Objective: To learn selecting files and write them to CD or DVD in various formats

Tools: Brasero disc burner

Components: Computer with CD-RW or DVD-RW. If not, external USB CD-RW or DVD-RW

Theory:
By default Brasero disc burner application comes with Ubuntu OS. Also search for other
appropriate disc writing tool from Ubuntu Software center icon provided in desktop

Procedure:
Step 1: Select files that is to be written and group them in a
folder Step 2: Insert blank CD or DVD to the drive with writer
Step 3: Invoke Brasero disc burner or appropriate tool
Step 4: Select appropriate option (audio, video, data or disc copy) to make iso image
Step 5: Burn the iso image

Result: Burned the files to optical

discs Note:
1. iso images can be directly burned by right clicking on the image and select “write to disc” option
2. Its optional to freely download Ubuntu OS's iso image (desktop or server version) from URL
http://www.ubuntu.com and burn it to a DVD (size>1.1GB, hence DVD)

`5
 Experiment No. 4
Name of experiment : e-mail

Aim : To create an email id

Objective: To learn how to create an email id, send with attachment, reply, forward, cc, bcc, managing
folders like inbox, sent, trash etc

Tools: Computer with internet connection, web browsers

Theory:
Email is the electronic version of the interoffice inter-organizational mail system that offers ability to
manage mail electronically liker paper-based mail system. It is a method of exchanging digital messages
from an author to one or more recipients. Email operates across the internet or other computer networks.

Procedure:
Step 1: Select an email provider (gmail, outlook, zoho, Mail, AOL, iCloud
etc) Step 2: Click sign-up as a new user
Step 3: Enter our details, password and verify the account
Step 4: Familiarize with options like compose to send a mail, inbox, sent mail, drafts
etc Step 5: Learn to attach files in our email
Step 6: Also create personalised folders in email
Step 7: Also try to save files in clouds like google drive

Result: Created a new email id and learned basic

functions Note:
1. Firefox web browser is available by default in Ubuntu. Google Chromium and Chrome
web browser can be installed freely from Ubuntu Software center.
2. Google Drive is a file storage and synchronization service created by Google. It allows users to store
files in the cloud, share files, and edit documents, spreadsheets, and presentations with collaborators.
Google Drive encompasses Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides, an office suite that permits collaborative
editing of documents, spreadsheets, presentations, drawings, forms, and more.

`6
 Experiment No. 5
Name of experiment: word processor

Aim : Familiarisation with word processor by making own biodata with covering letter
Objective: To familiarise with features in menu like file, edit, Tools, format, converting from odt to doc,
PDF etc
Tools: Libre Office Writer
Equipments: PC with Ubuntu OS

Theory:
LibreOffice Writer lets us to design and produce text documents that can include graphics, tables, or
charts. We can then save the documents in a variety of formats, including the standardized
OpenDocument format (ODF), Microsoft Word .doc format, or HTML. And we can easily export our
document to the Portable Document Format (PDF)
LibreOffice Writer lets us to create both basic documents, such as memos, faxes, letters , resumes and
merge documents, as well as long and complex or multi-part documents, complete with bibliographies,
reference tables and indexes.
LibreOffice Writer also includes such useful features as a spellchecker, a thesaurus, AutoCorrect, and
hyphenation as well as a variety of templates for almost every purpose. We can also create our own
templates using the wizards.
Text documents in LibreOffice have an integrated calculation function that helps we to execute
sophisticated calculations or logical links. We can easily create a table in a text document in order to
perform calculations.
The drag-and-drop feature enables to work quickly and efficiently with text documents in LibreOffice.
Procedure:
1. Search web to select an appropriate model for biodata and covering letter
2. Prepare own biodata to apply for a position/job w.r.t selected course of study
3. Save the file either in open format(.odt) or Microsoft format(.doc). Normally “odt” isn't supported by paid
platforms (eg: Windows). But Ubuntu supports their formats.
(“Format drop down” option is just above the “save” button in save window.)
4. Click on “save with password” check-box option, if needed. It is available on left bottom side in save
window
5. Its optional to convert the file to Portable Document Format(File->Export as PDF), so that the file will
be seen intact in all OS platforms. Also PDF is apt for printing.
6. Repeat the steps from 1 to 5 for creating a covering letter
7. Send files to the email of trainer (optional)

Result: Prepared biodata with covering letter

Note: Draw the created biodata on left side portion of experiment page. Its optional to have an Ubuntu PC
with internet and a Printer compatible with Ubuntu.

`7
 Experiment No. 6
Name of experiment: Presentation
Aim : To familiarise with presentation tool by making minimum 5 slides about own institution
Objective: To learn about presentation with transition and animations, insertion of scanned
images and internet contents.
Theory:
Impress has a comprehensive range of easy-to-use drawing and diagramming Tools to add style
and sophistication to your presentation. We can save even more time by downloading templates from the
LibreOffice template repository.
Impress supports multiple monitors, and the standardly-incorporated Presenter Console Extension
gives you yet more control over your slide show presentation, such as the ability to see the upcoming
slide, view your slide notes, and control the presentation timer while the audience is looking at the current
slide.
Create custom slide shows to meet the needs of our audience using slides within the current
presentation.
Procedure:
1. Collect data and prepare slides
2. Save the file either in open format(.odp) or Microsoft format(.ppt). Normally “odp” isn't
supported by paid platforms (eg: Windows). But Ubuntu supports their formats.
(“Format drop down” option is just above the “save” button in save window.)
3. Click on “save with password” check-box option, if needed. It is available on left bottom
side in save window
4. Its optional to convert the file to Portable Document Format (File->Export as PDF),
so that the file will be seen intact in all OS platforms. Also PDF is apt for printing.
5. Also try saving the file in various other formats like XML or autoplay (“.pps”)
(Eg: File --> Save As Microsoft Powerpoint 97/2000/XP/2003 Autoplay and open it to get
familiarize with the format)
6. Send files to the email of trainer (optional)

We can change the order of the slides in our custom slide show, by dragging and dropping the slides under
Selected Slides.To start a custom slide show:
1. Choose Slide Show –> Custom Slide Show.
2. Select the show we want to start from the list.
3. Click Start.
Result: Prepared a presentation about computing fundamentals lab and exported it to pdf using
LibreOffice Impress
Exercises: Prepare presentation with minimum 5 slides about own institution, branch, subjects, scope of
course, job options etc.
Browse internet about a topic and prepare presentation
Additional exercises may numbered 5-b, 5-c and so on

`8
 Experiment No. 7
Name of experiment: Spreadsheet

Aim : To familiarise with spreadsheet by totaling marks of 3 or more subjects, then calculate percentage and
hence find grade based on boundary conditions of few students
Grades S >= 90%, A >=80%, B >=70%, C >=60%, D >=50%, E >=40%, F <40%

Objective: To familiarise with features in menu like file, edit, Tools, format, converting from ods to xls,
PDF formats
Tools: Libre Office Calc

Equipments: PC with Ubuntu OS

Theory :
LibreOffice Calc is a spreadsheet application used to calculate, analyze, and manage our data. We
can also import and modify Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. It provides functions, including statistical and
banking functions, that we can use to create formulas to perform complex calculations on our data.
Function Wizard to help we create our formulas. It let us to drag-and-drop tables from databases, form
letters in LibreOffice Writer, Convert Excel files, or to open and save in a variety of other formats (eg:
MS office).
Procedure:
1. Collect data and prepare sheets
2. Save the file either in open format(.ods) or Microsoft format(.xls). Normally “ods” isn't supported by
paid platforms (eg: Windows). But Ubuntu supports almost all formats.
(“Format drop down” option is just above the “save” button in save window.)
3. Click on “save with password” check-box option, if needed. It is available on left bottom side in save
window
4. Its optional to convert the file to Portable Document Format (File->Export as PDF), so that the file will
be seen intact in all OS platforms. Also PDF is apt for printing.
5. Send files to the email of trainer (optional)

Result : Prepared spreadsheet and exported it to

pdf

Note: Draw the created spreadsheet on left side portion of experiment page

Exercises:
4-b: Calculate net salary of few employees (manager, engineer, clerk) from gross pay and deductions
(optional)
NS = GP – deductions
GP = BP+DA+HRA
deductions = PF + insurance + tax

`9
 Experiment No. 8
Name of experiment: Average of three numbers

Aim : To learn basic python programing by finding average of 3 numbers

Objective: To learn simple python programming by finding average of 3 numbers

Algorithm:
a=6
b=7
c=8
avg = (a+b+c)/3
print avg

Procedure:

Step 1: Click on search icon (topmost icon on leftside of Ubuntu

desktop) Step 2: Search “terminal” (type ter and click terminal icon)
Step 3: Type “python” in terminal
Step 4: Then type the program in the prompt >>> one by one and press
enter Step 5: press enter

Result:

Other Exercises:
8 – b: Area of triangle
8 – c: Volume of cylinder
8 – d: Temperature conversion, F to C
8 – e: Other known formulas like displacement, final velocity etc

Note:
Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. It incorporates
modules, exceptions, dynamic typing, very high level dynamic data types, and classes. It has interfaces to
many system calls and libraries, as well as to various window systems, and is extensible in C or C++. It is
also usable as an extension language for applications that need a programmable interface. Finally, Python
is portable: it runs on many Unix variants, on the Mac, and on PCs under MS-DOS, Windows, Windows
NT, and OS/2.

`10
 Experiment No. 9
Name of experiment: Programs using selection

Aim: To learn selection structure by finding largest among two numbers

Objective: To learn about various if structures, (if-else, if-else if-else ladder, nested if, case) by
implementing programs with selection

Algorithm:

Case 1: a>b
>>>a = 8
>>>b = 6
>>>if (a>b):
… print 'a is greater than b'
… else:
… print 'b is greater than a'
…
Case 2: a<b
Case 3: a=b

Procedure:

Step 1: Click on search icon

Step 2: Search “terminal” (type ter and click terminal
icon) Step 3: Type “python” in terminal
Step 4: Then type the program in the prompt >>> one by one and press
enter Step 5: Press enter

Result:

Other Exercises:
9 – b: Program to check whether a given number is odd or
even 9 – c: Program to find roots of quadratic equation.
Case 1: Roots are different, case 2: Roots are equal, case: Roots are
imaginary 9 – d: Program to print Character name of the day.

`11
 Experiment No. 10
Name of experiment: Programs using loops

Aim: To learn repetition structure by printing natural numbers upto a limit

Objective: To learn about various loops like while, do-while, for.

Algorithm:
a=1
limit = 15
while(a<limit):
print a
a=
a+1

Procedure:
Step 1: Click on search icon
Step 2: Search “terminal” (type ter and click terminal
icon) Step 3: Type “python” in terminal
Step 4: Then type the program in the prompt >>> one by one and press
enter Step 5: Press enter

Result:

Other Exercises:
10 – b: Program to find factorial of a
number Algorithm:
i =1
f=1
while(i<=n):
f=f*
ii=i+
1
print f

10 – c: Program to find sum of digits of a

number Algorithm:
x=9847094465
sum=0
while(x>0):
y = x % 10
x = x / 10
sum = sum +

y print sum

10 – d: Program to print multiplication table

10 – e: Program to find sum of a set of numbers
10 – f: Program to calculate of grade based on boundary conditions

`12