AVIATION AND AEROSPACE

MANAGEMENT
AIRPORT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Course Code: 24MBADSE255

Course Facilitator
Karthik Kudkuli
 WAIT…..BUT
???
"In your opinion, what makes a great airport?"

INFRASTRUCTU CONNECTIVI MONE

RE TY Y
 MODULE –
01
AIRPORT STRUCTURE AND
DESIGN
• Categories of airports.
• Ownership of Airports.
• Organizational structure.
• Major airport departments.
• Construction and Design standards.
• Airspace and Approach standards.
 MODULE –
02
AIRPORT PLANNING AND
• Regional FUNDING
Aviation system plans.
• State Aviation System plans.
• Metropolitan Aviation System plans.
• Airport Master plans.
• Airport Layout plans.
• Budget development.
 MODULE –
03
AIRPORT
OPERATIONS
• Stakeholder Management of Airports.
• Airport Operations Control Centre.
• Handling congestion and delays.
• Airport communications.
• Airside and Landside distinctions.
• Industry and Public relations.
 MODULE –
04
AIRPORT
MARKETING
• Developing Airport Marketing plans.
• Aeronautical and Ancillary revenue.
• Air Service Development.
• Variables in Airport Marketing.
• Contracts and Service Level
Agreements.
 MODULE –
05
AIRPORT BUSINESS
IMPACT
• Economic impact airports.
• Impact of Airline Bankruptcies on
Airports.
• Performance Management and
Benchmarking.
• Establishing fees, rates and charges.
• Sustainability initiatives.
 MODULE –
01
AIRPORT STRUCTURE AND
DESIGN
Definition: "a defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations, and
equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure, and
surface movement of aircraft." - ICAO

CLASSIFICATION OF
AIRPORTS

Take Off Approach Function Geometric

& Speed Design
Landing
BASED ON TAKE-OFF & LANDING

• Conventional Take-Off & Landing

(CTOL)
• Runway Length > 1500m
• Reduced Take-Off & Landing
(RTOL)
• Runway Length 1000 to 1500m
• Short Take-Off & Landing
(STOL)
• Runway Length 500 to 1000m
• Vertical Take-Off & Landing (STOL)
• Operational Area 25 to 50 Sq. m
BASED ON APPROACH SPEED

• Approach Category A - <

91kn
• Approach Category B – 91 to
120kn
• Approach Category C – 120 to
140kn
• Approach Category D – 141 to
165kn
• Approach Category E - >
165kn
 BASED ON GEOMETRIC DESIGN

BASIC RUNWAY LENGTH

AIRPORT TYPE WIDTH OF RUNWAY
MAXIMUM MINIMUM

A Over 2100 2100 45

B 2099 1500 45

C 1499 900 30

D 899 750 22.5

E 749 600 18
 BASED ON FUNCTION

CIVIL MILITARY
AIRPORTS
• DOMESTIC AIRPORTS
• INTERNATIONA
L
250+ Airports/Airstrips

140+ Operational 34 International 103 Domestic 10 Customs

 BASED ON FUNCTION

CIVIL
AIRPORTS

GOVERNAME PRIVAT JOINT VENTURE/

NT E PPP

OWNERSHI
P
ABC’s of Aviation
 AGENCIES

ICA MoC IAT

O A A

BCA DGC AAI

S A
AIRPORT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF AAI

• Airport Development
• Navigational Aids
• Rescue and Fire Fighting Units
• Air Traffic Services
• Security Equipment's
• Anti Hijacking and Sabotage Measures
• Passenger Comfort
• Traffic Study
 AIRSIDE
EQUIPMENTS

COMMUNICATI NAVIGATIO SURVEILLANC

HF & ON • NDN • SR E
VHF B R
• VO • LR
R R
• DM
LANDSIDE E
EQUIPMENTS • ILSDISPLAY
• FIDS – FLIGHT INFORMATION
SYSTEM
• X-BIS – X RAY BAGGAGE INSPECTION
SYSTEM
• HHMD – HAND HELD METAL DETECTOR
NAVIGATION EQUIPMENTS

ND VO DM
B R E
METEROGICAL DEPARTMENT

• WIND – Speed and Direction on ground & flight levels

• TEMPRATURE – On ground & flight levels
• Pressure – On Ground & flight levels
• Visibility – Arrival & Departure
• Types of Clouds – Arrival, Departure & En route
• Terrain – Arrival & Departure
• Other Conditions
AIRSPACE APPROACH STANDARDS
• Class A: Controlled airspace from FL180 to FL600, IFR only, strict ATC separation.
• Class B: Controlled airspace around major airports, surface to specific limit, strict entry
requirements.
• Class C: Controlled airspace around airports with moderate traffic, surface to specific limit,
two-way radio and transponder required.
• Class D: Controlled airspace around smaller airports, surface to specific limit, two-way radio
required.
• Class E: Controlled/uncontrolled airspace, various altitudes, IFR receives ATC services,
extends from the surface to specific limits.
• Class G: Uncontrolled airspace, surface to either 700 or 1,200 feet AGL, minimal or no ATC
services.
 MODULE –
02
AIRPORT PLANNING AND
FUNDING
GENERAL AIRPORT LAYOUT

AIRPORT

LANDSID TERMINA AIRSID

E L E
GENERAL AIRPORT LAYOUT
AIRSIDE LAYOUT
 AIRPORT MASTER PLAN OUTLINE

• Inventory for the Airport

• SWOT Analysis
• Demand and Capacity
• Facility Requirements
• Development Alternatives
• Airport Layout Plan
• Cost Assessment
• Financial Assessment
• Socio-Environmental Impacts
 AVIATION FORECASTS

• Forecasts for next 15 – 20 years

• Commercial Pax
• Air Cargo
• Aircraft Movement's
• General Aviation
• Revenue
• Layout
 DEMAND AND CAPACITY
MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS
SOLVING CONGESTION PROBLEM
AVIATION SYSTEM PLANS

AVIATION SYSTEM
PLANS

STAT REGIONA METROPOLITA

E L N
AIRPORT STRATEGIC PLANNING
AIRPORT STRATEGIC PLANNING

PHASES OF AIRPORT
PLANNING

PREPLANNIN EVALUATIO EXECUTIO MONITORIN

G N N G
PREPLANNING
• Identify the Need and Reasons for Developing
a Strategic Plan
• Assess the Organization’s Readiness for
Strategic Planning
• Define the Scope of the Process and a
Schedule for Planning Activities
• Identify the Planning Team
• Determine the Stakeholders That Should
Participate in the Process and Their Roles
EVALUATION

• Evaluate and Understand the Organization

• Articulate Mission, Vision, and Values
• Scan the Environment and Predict
Developments
• Analyze Critical Gaps and Reassess the
Vision
EXECUTION
• Identify Strategic Issues
• Determine Generic and Grand Strategies
• Set Long-term Objectives, Formulate Short-term
Objectives, and Create Action Plans
• Determine How to Communicate the Strategic
Plan to Stakeholders
• Define Deadlines and Responsibilities
• Select Key Performance Measures and Targets
• Implement Incentives/Rewards Programs
• Create Training and Development Programs
MONITORING

• Decide Who Should Be Responsible for

Monitoring Implementation
• Determine How Frequently Implementation
Status Should Be Monitored and How Results
Should Be Reported
• Establish a Process for Conducting Periodic
Reviews of Implementation of the Strategic
Plan Objectives and for Modifying the
Strategic Plan When Necessary
 AIRPORT OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER

An Airport Operations Control Center (AOCC) is a centralized facility within

an airport that serves as the nerve center for coordinating and managing
various operational aspects.

COMPONENTS OF AOCC

• Flight Operations Management

• Ground Operations Management
• Safety and Security
• Weather Monitoring
• Data Analysis and Reporting
 CORDINATION FUNCTION OF AOCC
• Efficient coordination of all airport services by reducing response times and increasing
the quality of intervention under normal and emergency conditions.
• Provide management with real-time information as to aircraft, people, and vehicular
movements within the airport in order to support the decision-making process.
• Supply the general public and other stakeholders with adequate flight and baggage
information.
• Supervision/coordination of all services engaged in the processing of passengers,
freight, and aircraft.
• Coordination of the action of police, security, and emergency forces in accordance with
operational needs
 CORDINATION FUNCTION OF AOCC
• Supervision of the control of access to the airside and other restricted areas.
• Enforcement of all operational procedures such as the airport emergency plan, snow
control program (when applicable).
• Update of information status displays, collection of airline seasonal flight schedules for
preplanning the assignment of airport facilities, supervision of the real time assignment
of common-use facilities, monitoring of the flight and baggage delivery display systems.
• Optimize utilization of airport facilities.
• Ongoing analysis of the impact of current and anticipated flight and passenger activity
levels on operational systems.
 CFR – PART 139
PHASES OF INSPECTION
Pre – Inspection Review

In – Briefing with Airport Management

Administrative Inspection

Movement Area Inspection

ARFF
Inspection
Fueling Facilities Inspection

Night Inspection

Post Inspection Briefing

 WORLDWIDE AIRPORT SLOT GUIDELINES
• Declaring, allocating, and using available airport capacity
• Facilitating consumer choice of air services
• Improving global connectivity
• Enhancing competition at congested airports for passengers and cargo

MANAGING CONGESTION

• Airport Managing Bodies

• Handling Agents
• Access Rights
• 80:20 rule
• Administrative techniques:
• Restricting aircraft operations
• Using scheduling committees
• Allocating slots by lottery
• Pricing techniques: Peak period pricing
• Auctioning airport slots
• Peak/off-peak landing fees
• Passenger surcharges
• Capacity enhancement measures:
• Developing new alternative airports
• Expanding existing airports
• Changing the infrastructure
• Demand management solutions: These try to balance demand with available resources.
• Hard mechanisms: These aim to increase potential capacity.
• Schedule adjustment: This means adjusting the scheduled departure time in the flight
schedule.
• Off-peak hour flights: These can reduce airport congestion.
• Less crowded gates: These can minimize encounters with other travelers.
 CAN AIRPORT INFLUENCE
DEMAND / TRAFFIC PATTERN?

– Prices

– Connection Opportunities

– Information On Traffic Opportunities

– Growth Potential

– Service Reliability

– Marketing Commitment By Airport

ROLE OF CENTRAL GOVERNAMENT
• Investment in airport infrastructure.

• Clearance of Greenfield airport projects.

• Airspace management, safety and security of airports.

• Bilateral air services agreements, including those involving international cooperation

for modernization and upgradation of airports.

• Licensing of airports and ATC personnel.

• Environmental aspects and removal of obstructions around airports.

• Approval of aeronautical charges

ROLE OF STATE GOVERNAMENT

• Acquisition of private land and allotment of government land.

• Supply of water and power, and provision of sanitation and sewage services.

• Provision of surface access through multi-modal linkages.

• Prevention of environmental pollution.

• Maintenance of law and order.

• Protection of airports from encroachments and vandalism.