எரிதொய் லிரங்கும் கல்லிவ஬

இரவ஫஬ில் லிரும்பிக் கற்மிடு

லொன஫ொய் லிரிந்த கல்லிவ஬
பொண஫ொய் லிவ஭ந்து கற்மிடு
தொன஫ொய் தபற்ம கல்லிவ஬த்
த஭ணி஬ில் பயருக் கரித்திடு.

K. Kannan, B.E.,
Mobile : 7010157864.
1, Third street, V.O.C.Nagar,
Bodinayakanur.
Email : [email protected]

10th Std Maths

1. Points to be familiarized by the10th Students

2. All Unit Exercise Solutions

According to my view, the order and it’s weightage of any problem is

1. Understanding the question - 24 %
2. To know the way to solve it - 24 %
3. To know the formulae related to it - 24 %
4. Quick and shortcut method of calculation - 24 %
5. Neatness - 4%
Total - 100 %

வலத்தததொரு கல்லி ஫னப்பறக்கம். – ஔவையார்.

Wish you all the Best!

 Each and Every 10th Student Must familiar with the following Basic and
Essential Concepts which have been already studied in the previous classes.
1. Clear understanding of the various numbers such as Natural (ℕ), Whole (𝕎), Integer (ℤ),
Rational (ℚ), Irrational (ℚ’), Real numbers(ℝ) and the differences between them.
2. Also Odd number, Even number, Prime numbers and Composite numbers upto 100, Prime
factors, Perfect square numbers (1,4,9,16,25, .. etc), Perfect cube numbers. (1, 8,27,64,125,..etc)
3. Shortcuts and BODMAS in +, –, ×, ÷ for Quickness. i.e. 190 x 30 = 5700 etc
4. Knowing all the fractions (Proper, Improper, Mixed, Like, Unlike), shortcut to find LCM for it’s
operations. (For example LCM of 5 and 25 is 25 because 25 is divisible by 5. LCM of 11 and 12
is (11x12) = 132 because of consecutive numbers & also for consecutive odd numbers but this
not applicable consecutive odd numbers and etc like this.)
5. Proportions, Ratios and Conversion of Ratios → Fraction → Percentage → Decimal etc.
6. Decimal numbers calculations and placing correct decimal point during multiplication.
7. Sharpness of placing ( +, – ) signs during fundamental operations. i.e. (-2)2 = 4; (-2)3 = – 8 etc.
8. Divisibility checks for easy cut shorting the fractions. (For 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, etc)
9. Squares of numbers up to 20. Shortcut methods to find the squaring.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 121 144 169 196 225 256 289 324 361 400
35 x 35 =(3x4)(5x5) = 1225; 65 x 65 =(6x7)(5x5) = 4225; 105 x 105 =(10x11)(5x5) = 11025
132 = 169; ∴1302 = 16900; 13002 = 1690000 ; 6002 = 360000 ; 25002 = 6250000
202 = 400; ∴212 = 400 +(20+21) = 441; 192 = 400 – (20+19) = 361; 292 = 900 – (30+29) = 841
992 = 10000 – (100+99) = 9801; 2012 = 40000 + (200+201) = 40401; Practice likewise.

10. Actual method of Square rooting the numbers of perfect squares and other numbers and
decimals. As per (8) we can easily find out certain square roots. If the unit places are 1, 4, 5,
6, 9 and with ending 00, 0000 etc then it may be a perfect square (not sure). But If the unit
places are 2, 3, 7, 8 and ending with 0, 000, 00000, then it will never be a perfect square.
( Note : A shortcut to find out square root is attached. It is much useful for the 8th chapter.)

11. Knowing of 𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟒 ; 𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟐; 𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟑𝟔 ; 𝟔 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓 ; 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟔 etc will be better.

12. Similarly remember the cubes of numbers up to 10 and cube roots of it.
13. Surds rules like 𝟔 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 ; 𝟖 𝟓 + 𝟑 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟏 𝟓 ; 𝟓 𝟕 − 𝟒 𝟕 = 𝟕 etc
𝒂𝒎
14. Exponents rules such as : 𝒂𝒎 𝒙 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝒎+𝒏 ; 𝒂𝒏
= 𝒂𝒎−𝒏 ; (𝒂𝒃)𝒎 = 𝒂𝒎 × 𝒃𝒎 ; 𝒂𝟎 = 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝒏 𝒂 𝒎 𝒂 𝒎
𝒂𝒎 = 𝒂−𝒎 ; 𝒂−𝒎 = 𝒂𝒎 ; 𝒂𝒎 = 𝒂𝒎𝒏 ; 𝒃
= 𝒃𝒎 etc

15. The Algebraic Identities (𝟏). 𝒙 + 𝒚 𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ; 𝟐 . 𝒙 − 𝒚 𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐

𝟑 . 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙 + 𝒚 (𝒙 − 𝒚); 𝟒 . 𝒙 + 𝒚 𝟑 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒚𝟑 𝒐𝒓 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟑
𝟓 . 𝒙 + 𝒚 𝟑 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚 𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝒚𝟑 𝒐𝒓 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑
𝟔 . 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 = 𝒙 + 𝒚 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ) ; 𝟕 . 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑 = 𝒙 − 𝒚 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ) are very important
and practice it with left to right and right to left since both will be involved in the sums.
16. Well practice in the Factorisation of quadratic equations is also very important because it is
invariably used almost in all the chapters.
17. Daily before going to sleep, remember all the formulae involved in all the chapters for 10 mts.

18. For best result obey the 1st Teachers & 2nd Parents, because they will bless in mind and not
by word. If anything left here and anything you forget in the above, clear it with the near & dear.
10th Maths Unit Exercise Chapter – 1

1. Given : (x2 − 3x, y2 + 4y) and (-2, 5) are equal

(x2 − 3x, y2 + 4y) = (-2, 5)
i.e. x2 − 3x = − 2 y2 + 4y = 5
x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 y2 + 4y – 5 = 0
(x – 2)(x – 1) = 0 (y + 5)(x – 1) = 0
x = 1, 2 y = – 5, 1

2. Given : n(A x A) = 9 Also two ordered pairs = (–1, 0) and (0,1)

n(A) x n(A) = 9 ∴n(A) = 3
From the given two ordered pairs = (–1, 0) and (0,1)
A = {–1, 0, 1} ; ∴ A x A = {–1, 0, 1} x {–1, 0, 1}
= {(–1, –1), (–1, 0), (–1, 1), (0, –1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, –1), (1, 0), (1, 1)}

3. Given : 𝒇(𝒙) = {√𝒙 − 𝟏, 𝑥 ≥ 𝟏

𝟒, 𝑥<𝟏
(i) f (0) = 4 〔∵ 0 < 𝟏 , It is satisfy 2nd condition〕
(ii) f (3) = √𝟑 − 𝟏 = √𝟐 〔∵ 3 ≥ 𝟏 It is satisfy 1st condition〕
(iii) f (a +1) = √(𝒂 + 𝟏) − 𝟏 = √𝒂 〔∵ 0 + 1 ≥ 𝟏 It is satisfy 1st condition〕

4. Given : A = {9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17}
f (n) = the highest prime factor ( Note : 1 is neither a prime nor a composite)
f (9) = (9 = 3 x 3), ∴the highest prime = 3
f (10) = (10 = 2 x 5), ∴the highest prime = 5
f (11) = It’s prime number, (11 = 1x11) ∴the highest prime = 11
f (12) = (12 = 2 x 2 x 3), ∴the highest prime = 3
f (13) = It’s prime number,(13 = 1x13) ∴the highest prime = 13
f (14) = (14 = 2 x 7), ∴the highest prime = 7
f (15) = (15 = 3 x 5), ∴the highest prime = 5
f (16) = (16 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2), ∴the highest prime = 2
f (17) = It’s prime number, (17 = 1x17) ∴the highest prime = 17
f = {(9, 3), (10, 5), (11, 11), (12, 3), (13, 13), (14, 7), (15, 5), (16, 2), (17, 17)}
Range f = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17}

5. Given : 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝟏 + √𝟏 − √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐

When x = 0 ; 𝒇(𝟎) = √𝟏 + √𝟏 − √𝟏 − 𝟎 = 1

When x = 1 ; 𝒇(𝟏) = √𝟏 + √𝟏 − √𝟏 − 𝟏 = √𝟐

When x = –1 ; 𝒇(– 𝟏) = √𝟏 + √𝟏 − √𝟏 − 𝟏 = 1

When x = 2 ; 𝒇(𝟐) = √𝟏 + √𝟏 − √𝟏 − 𝟒 = √𝟏 + √𝟏 − √−𝟑 is an imaginary

When x = –2 ; 𝒇(– 𝟐) = √𝟏 + √𝟏 − √𝟏 − 𝟒 = √𝟏 + √𝟏 − √−𝟑 is an imaginary

From the above, except (–1, 0, 1) the result for the other value of x become an imaginary one.
∴ The domain = {–1, 0, 1}
6. Given : f (x) = x2 , g(x) = 3x and h(x) = x −2 ; To prove : (𝒇 𝝄 𝒈) 𝝄 𝒉 = 𝒇 𝝄 (𝒈 𝝄 𝒉)

(𝒇 𝝄 𝒈) = 𝒇 (𝒈 (𝒙)) (𝒈 𝝄 𝒉) = 𝒈 (𝒉 (𝒙))
= 𝒇 (𝟑𝒙) = 𝒈 (𝒙 − 𝟐)
= (𝟑𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟗𝒙𝟐 = 𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟐)
(𝒇 𝝄 𝒈)𝝄 𝒉 = 𝒇 𝝄 𝒈 (𝒉(𝒙)) 𝒇 𝝄 (𝒈 𝝄 𝒉) = 𝒇(𝒈𝒐𝒉)
= 𝒇 𝝄 𝒈 (𝒙 − 𝟐) = (𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟐))𝟐
= 𝟗(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 -------- ① = 𝟗(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 ------- ②
since ① = ② , (𝒇 𝝄 𝒈) 𝝄 𝒉 = 𝒇 𝝄 (𝒈 𝝄 𝒉) (Proved)

7. This question is also given as multiple choice no. ③

Given : A = {1,2} ; B = {1,2, 3, 4} ; C = {5,6} ; D = {5, 6, 7, 8}; To show : 𝑨 × 𝑪 ⊂ 𝑩 × 𝑫
A x C = {1, 2} x {5, 6} = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 5), (2, 6)} ------- ①
B x D = {1,2, 3, 4} x {5, 6, 7, 8} = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 5), (2, 6)}
= {(1, 5), 1, 6), (1, 7), (1, 8), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 8), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8),
(4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7), (4, 8)} ------- ②
Comparing ① & ② : 𝑨 × 𝑪 ⊂ 𝑩 × 𝑫 (Proved)
𝒙−𝟏 𝟏
8. Given : If 𝒇(𝒙) = show that 𝒇(𝒇(𝒙)) = −
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙
𝒙−𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒙+𝟏
𝒙−𝟏
−𝟏
𝒙+𝟏
𝒇(𝒇(𝒙)) = 𝒙−𝟏
+𝟏
𝒙+𝟏
𝒙−𝟏−𝒙−𝟏
𝒙+𝟏 −𝟐 𝒙+𝟏
= 𝒙−𝟏+𝒙+𝟏 = ×
𝒙+𝟏 𝟐𝒙
𝒙+𝟏

−𝟐 𝟏
= =− (Proved)
𝟐𝒙 𝒙
𝒙−𝟐
9. Given : 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖 ; 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟑
𝒙−𝟐
−𝟐
𝟑
(i) 𝒈𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒈(𝒈(𝒙)) = (ii) 𝒈𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒈(𝒇(𝒙))
𝟑
𝒙−𝟐−𝟔 𝒙−𝟖
= = = 𝒈(𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖)
𝟑×𝟑 𝟗
𝒙−𝟖 𝟔𝒙+𝟖−𝟐
𝒈𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟗
= 𝟑
𝟏
𝟏 −𝟖 𝟔𝒙+𝟔
𝟐
𝒈𝒈 (𝟐) = 𝟗
= 𝟑
𝟏−𝟏𝟔 𝟔(𝒙+𝟏)
= 𝟐×𝟗
= 𝟑
𝟏𝟓 𝟓
=− 𝟐×𝟗
= −𝟔 = 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟏)

𝟐𝒙+𝟏
10. (i). 𝒇(𝒙) = By seeing the denominator except x = 9 , the other values x are defined
𝒙−𝟗

∴ Domain of f = ℝ – { 9 } (Note : ℝ means Real number )

 −𝟓
(ii). 𝒑(𝒙) = By seeing the denominator, all values x is defined
𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝟏

∴ Domain of p = ℝ

(iii). 𝒈(𝒙) = √𝒙 − 𝟐 By seeing the Square root , when x < 2, it will become an imaginary.
∴ Domain of g = [𝟐, ∞ )
(ii). 𝒉(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟔 𝒉(𝒙) is defined all values x
∴ Domain of h = ℝ

Unit Exercise Chapter – 2

1. To Prove : n2 – n divisible by 2 for every positive integer n.
𝒏𝟐 – 𝒏 = 𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)
Here, when n = Odd, n – 1 becomes even
when n = Even, n – 1 becomes odd
The product of one odd and one even is always an even number which is divisible by 2
∴ n2 – n divisible by 2 for every positive integer n.

2. Cow’s milk = 175 litres ; Buffalow’s milk = 105 litres

The milkman wants to them separately with equal sizes of can
∴ The size can is the HCF 175, 105
175 = 5 x 5 x 7 ; 105 = 3 x 5 x 7 ∴ The HCF = 5 x 7 = 35
(i) Capacity of a can = 35 litre
𝟏𝟕𝟓
(ii) Number of cans of cow’s milk : = 𝟓
𝟑𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟓
(iii) Number of cans of buffalow’s milk : = 𝟑
𝟑𝟓

3. As per given codition,

When a is divisible by 13, the remainder is 9
∴ a ≡ 9 (mod 13) ------ ①
Similarly b ≡ 7 (mod 13) ------ ②
Similarly c ≡ 10 (mod 13) ------ ③
②x2→ 2b ≡ 14 (mod 13) (Multiplication of Modulo arithmetic)
2b ≡ 1 (mod 13)
③x3→ 3c ≡ 30 (mod 13)
3c ≡ 4 (mod 13)
a + 2b + 3c ≡ (9 +1+4) (mod 13) (Addition of Modulo arithmetic)
a + 2b + 3c ≡ 14 (mod 13)
a + 2b + 3c ≡ 1 (mod 13)
∴ When (a + b + c) is divisible by 13 , the remainder is 1.

4. Let 107 = 4q + 3
107 – 3 = 4q
104 = 4q
∵ 104 is divisible by 4 for any integer q, 107 is of the form 4q + 3.
5. Let a and d be the 1st term and common difference of an AP
It’s nth term 𝒕𝒏 = 𝒂 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅
(m+1)th term 𝒕𝒎+𝟏 = 𝒂 + (𝒎 + 𝟏 − 𝟏)𝒅
= 𝒂 + 𝒎𝒅 ------ ①
th
(n+1) term 𝒕𝒏+𝟏 = 𝒂 + (𝒏 + 𝟏 − 𝟏)𝒅
= 𝒂 + 𝒏𝒅 ------ ②
② x 2 → 𝟐(𝒕𝒏+𝟏) = 𝟐〔 𝒂 + 𝒏𝒅〕 ------ ③
From the condition ① =③
𝒂 + 𝒎𝒅 = 𝟐〔 𝒂 + 𝒏𝒅〕 ------ ④
𝒕𝟑𝒎+𝟏 = 𝒂 + (𝟑𝒎 + 𝟏 − 𝟏)𝒅
= 𝒂 + 𝟑𝒎𝒅
= 𝒂 + 𝒎𝒅 + 𝟐𝒎𝒅
= 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒏𝒅) + 𝟐𝒎𝒅 〔As per ④ 〕
= 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒎𝒅 + 𝒏𝒅)
= 𝟐〔𝒂 + (𝒎 + 𝒏)𝒅〕
= 𝟐〔𝒂 + (𝒎 + 𝒏 + 𝟏 − 𝟏)𝒅〕
= 𝟐𝒕𝒎+𝒏+𝟏
∴ (3m+1)th term = 2 x (m+n+1)th term

6. Given A. P = –2, –4, –6,... –100 ; It’s 1st term a = – 2 ; d = – 2

By reversing the A.P = –100, –98, –96, …, –2 ; Now a = –100, d = 2
𝒕𝒏 = 𝒂 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅
12th term t12 = –100 + (12 – 1)2
t12 = –100 + 22 = –78

7. Given : AP1 AP2

1st term 2 7
Common difference is same for both AP’s
Difference of 1st terms of two AP’s = 2 – 7 = – 5
Since the common difference is same for both, then
The Difference of any corresponding terms two AP’s = – 5
∴ t10 of AP1 – t10 of AP2 = – 5
t21 of AP1 – t21 of AP2 = – 5
∴ tn of AP1 – tn of AP2 = – 5

8. Given : S10 = 16500,

Let the 1st year savings = a
The 2nd year savings = a + 100
The 3rd year savings = a + 100 + 100 = a + 200
It forms an AP with a common difference d = 100
 𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = [𝟐𝐚 + (𝐧 − 𝟏)𝐝]
𝟐
𝟏𝟎
𝑺𝟏𝟎 = [𝟐𝐚 + (𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏)𝟏𝟎𝟎] = 16500
𝟐

𝟓[𝟐𝐚 + 𝟗𝟎𝟎] = 16500

𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝐚 + 𝟗𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓
= 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎

𝟐𝐚 = 3300 – 900 = 2400

𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎
∴𝐚= 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎

1st year he saved Rs 1200

9. Given : 2nd term of a GP i.e. 𝒂𝒓 = √𝟔

6th term of a GP i.e. 𝒂𝒓𝟓 = 𝟗√𝟔
𝒂𝒓𝟓 𝟗√𝟔
=
𝒂𝒓 √𝟔

𝒓𝟒 = 𝟗
𝒓𝟐 = 𝟑
𝒓 = √𝟑, −√𝟑
√𝟔 √𝟑×√𝟐
① When 𝒓 = √𝟑, 𝒂𝒓 = √𝟔 ; 𝒂= 𝒓
= = √𝟐
√𝟑

√𝟔 √𝟑×√𝟐
② When 𝒓 = −√𝟑, 𝒂𝒓 = √𝟔 ; 𝒂= 𝒓
= −√𝟑
= −√𝟐

GP : 𝒂, 𝒂𝒓 , 𝒂𝒓𝟐 , …
𝟐
GP as per ① : √𝟐, √𝟐 × √𝟑 , √𝟐 × √𝟑 , …
√𝟐, √𝟔 , 𝟑√𝟐, …
GP as per ② : −√𝟐, (−√𝟐) × (−√𝟑), (−√𝟐 ) × (−√𝟑 )𝟐 , …

−√𝟐, √𝟔 , − 𝟑√𝟐, …

10. Given : Value motor cycle (a) = ₹ 45000

Depriciation = 15%
To find : Value of the motor cycle after 3 years : n = 3
Depriciated value after 1 year = 45000 x (100 -15)% = 45000 x 85%
𝟖𝟓
After 1 year = 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟖𝟓 𝟖𝟓
After 2 year = 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟖𝟓 𝟖𝟓 𝟖𝟓
After 3 year = 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎

= 27635.625
Value of the motor cycle after 3 years = ₹ 27635

Unit Exercise Chapter – 3

 10th Maths Unit Exercise Chapter – 4 Geometry

1. (i) Given : 𝑩𝑫 ⊥ 𝑨𝑪 , 𝑪𝑬 ⊥ 𝑨𝑩
In △ 𝑨𝑬𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 △ 𝑨𝑫𝑩,
∠𝑨𝑬𝑪 = ∠𝑨𝑫𝑩 = 𝟗𝟎° (𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏) ,
∠𝑨 is common for both the △ 𝑨𝑬𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 △ 𝑨𝑫𝑩
When two angles are equal, the 3rd angles are also equal.
Due to AA symmetry, △ 𝑨𝑬𝑪 ~ △ 𝑨𝑫𝑩 (Hence proved)
𝑪𝑨 𝑪𝑬
(ii) since △ 𝑨𝑬𝑪 ~ △ 𝑨𝑫𝑩 ,
𝑨𝑩
= 𝑫𝑩 (Hence proved)

2. Given : 𝑨𝑩 ∥ 𝑪𝑫 ∥ 𝑬𝑭
In △ 𝑫𝑨𝑩 𝒂𝒏𝒅 △ 𝑫𝑭𝑬,
∠𝑨𝑫𝑩 = ∠𝑭𝑫𝑬 (∵Vertically opposite angle)
∠𝑫𝑨𝑩 = ∠𝑫𝑭𝑬 (Alternate angles are equal ∵ 𝑨𝑩 ∥ 𝑬𝑭)
Due to AA symmetry, △ 𝑨𝑫𝑩 ~ △ 𝑭𝑫𝑬
𝑫𝑬 𝑭𝑬 𝑫𝑭
∴ = 𝑨𝑩 = 𝑫𝑨 ;
𝑫𝑩
𝒚 𝟒 𝑫𝑭
= 𝟔 = 𝑨𝑫 ----------- ①
𝟓
𝟒×𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝒚= = = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒄𝒎
𝟔 𝟑

In △ 𝑨𝑫𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 △ 𝑨𝑭𝑬, 𝑪𝑫 ∥ 𝑬𝑭

By angular bisector theorem ,
𝑨𝑫 𝑪𝑫
= 𝑬𝑭
𝑨𝑭
𝑨𝑫 𝒙
= 𝟒 ------------- ②
𝑨𝑭
𝑫𝑭 𝟒 𝟐
From ①, =𝟔=𝟑
𝑨𝑫
𝑫𝑭 𝟐
𝑨𝑫
+ 𝟏= 𝟑+𝟏
𝑨𝑫+𝑫𝑭 𝟐+𝟑
=
𝑨𝑫 𝟑
𝑨𝑭 𝟓 𝑨𝑫 𝟑
= 𝟑 (or) = 𝟓 ------------- ③
𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑭
𝒙 𝟑 𝟒×𝟑 𝟏𝟐
From ② and ③ = or 𝒙 = = = 𝟐. 𝟒 𝒄𝒎
𝟒 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

3. In the △ 𝑨𝑩𝑪 , mark a point O inside to it at anywhere.

Joint OA, OB, OC.
Join OD as the angular bisector of ∠𝑨𝑶𝑩 in △ 𝑨𝑶𝑩
Join OE as the angular bisector of ∠𝑩𝑶𝑪 in △ 𝑩𝑶𝑪
Join OF as the angular bisector of ∠𝑪𝑶𝑨 in △ 𝑪𝑶𝑨
As per Angular bisector theorem,
𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑶
∵OD is the bisector of the ∠𝑨𝑶𝑩 in the △ 𝑨𝑶𝑩 , 𝑫𝑩 = 𝑩𝑶 ------- ①
𝑩𝑬 𝑩𝑶
∵OE is the bisector of the ∠𝑨𝑶𝑩 in the △ 𝑩𝑶𝑪, = ------- ②
𝑬𝑪 𝑪𝑶
𝑪𝑭 𝑪𝑶
∵OD is the bisector to the ∠𝑨𝑶𝑩 in the △ 𝑪𝑶𝑨 , = 𝑨𝑶 ------- ③
𝑭𝑨
𝑨𝑫 𝑩𝑬 𝑪𝑭 𝑨𝑶 𝑩𝑶 𝑪𝑶
①×②×③ → × 𝑬𝑪 × 𝑭𝑨 = × × 𝑨𝑶
𝑫𝑩 𝑩𝑶 𝑪𝑶

𝑨𝑫 𝑩𝑬 𝑪𝑭
× 𝑬𝑪 × 𝑭𝑨 = 𝟏 ∴ 𝑨𝑫 × 𝑩𝑬 × 𝑪𝑭 = 𝑫𝑩 × 𝑬𝑪 × 𝑭𝑨 (Proved)
𝑫𝑩
4. In the given fig. ∵ 𝑨𝑩 = 𝑨𝑪 , The △ 𝑨𝑶𝑩 is an equilateral △
∴ ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝒐𝒓 ∠𝑫𝑩𝑪 = ∠𝑨𝑪𝑩 𝒐𝒓∠𝑬𝑪𝑩 ------ ①
In the quadrilateral 𝑩𝑪𝑬𝑫, 𝑫𝑬 ∥ 𝑩𝑪 (∵ 𝑨𝑫 = 𝑨𝑬)
∵ BD is transversal of BC and DE, ∠𝑬𝑫𝑩 + ∠𝑫𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° ------ ②
∵ CE is transversal of BC and DE, ∠𝑫𝑬𝑪 + ∠𝑬𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° ------ ③
From ① and ② ∠𝑬𝑫𝑩 + ∠𝑬𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
From ① and ③ ∠𝑫𝑬𝑪 + ∠𝑫𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
From the above two ,
∵The sum of the opposite angles are 𝟏𝟖𝟎°, the quadrilateral BCED lies on a same circle.
i.e. BCED is a cyclic quadrilateral. (Proved)

5. Let O be Rly Station. From it,

Train A departures towards (due) west at a speed of 20 km/hr
After 2 hour, Train A is at 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝒎 from O.
Train B departures towards (due) north at a speed of 30 km/hr
After 2 hour, Train B is at 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟐 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝒎 from O.
Now the points A, O, and B are form a Right Triangle.
𝑨𝑩𝟐 = 𝑨𝑶𝟐 + 𝑩𝑶𝟐
𝑨𝑩 = √𝑨𝑶𝟐 + 𝑩𝑶𝟐
𝑨𝑩 = √𝟒𝟎𝟐 + 𝟔𝟎𝟐
= √𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
= √𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟎 = √𝟒𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟐𝟎√𝟏𝟑 km

6. ( In the question the word “In a 𝜟𝑨𝑩𝑪 ” is missing. Anyhow)

In the fig. 𝑨𝑩 = 𝒄, 𝑨𝑪 = 𝒃, 𝑩𝑪 = 𝒂 , 𝑨𝑫 = 𝒑 , 𝑨𝑬 = 𝒉 ;
𝒂 𝒂
∵ D is the midpoint of BC, 𝑩𝑫 = 𝑫𝑪 = 𝟐 , 𝑬𝑫 = 𝒙 , ∴ 𝑩𝑬 = 𝟐 − 𝒙

∵ 𝑨𝑬 ⊥ 𝑩𝑪 , the 𝜟𝑨𝑬𝑫 is right triangle.

𝒉𝟐 = 𝒑𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 ------- ①
(i) In right triangle 𝜟𝑨𝑬𝑪,
𝑨𝑪𝟐 = 𝑨𝑬𝟐 + 𝑬𝑪𝟐
𝒂 𝟐
𝒃𝟐 = 𝒉𝟐 + [𝒙 + ]
𝟐
𝒂𝟐
From ① 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒑𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝒙 +
𝟒
𝒂𝟐
𝒃𝟐 = 𝒑𝟐 + 𝒂𝒙 + (Proved) ----- ②
𝟒

(ii) In right triangle 𝜟𝑨𝑬𝑩,

𝑨𝑩𝟐 = 𝑨𝑬𝟐 + 𝑬𝑩𝟐
𝒂 𝟐
𝒄𝟐 = 𝒉𝟐 + [𝒙 − 𝟐]
𝒂𝟐
From ① 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒑𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝒙 +
𝟒
𝒂𝟐
𝒄𝟐 = 𝒑𝟐 − 𝒂𝒙 + (Proved) ------ ③
𝟒
𝒂𝟐
(iii) Adding ② and ③ 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟐𝒑𝟐 + (Proved)
𝟐

7. From the fig.

Man’s eyelevel 𝑪𝑬 = 𝟐 𝒎
 Let Tree’s height 𝑨𝑫 = 𝒙 𝒎
B is the mirror point
Now DB is incident ray, BE is reflected ray
Always 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒓𝒂𝒚 = 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒓𝒂𝒚
∴ ∠𝑨𝑩𝑫 = ∠𝑪𝑩𝑬
Also ∠𝑩𝑨𝑫 = ∠𝑩𝑪𝑬 = 𝟗𝟎° (∵⊥ to the ground)
∴ Due to AA similarity, 𝜟𝑩𝑨𝑫~𝜟𝑩𝑪𝑬 ,
𝑨𝑫 𝑩𝑨 𝒙 𝟐𝟎
𝑪𝑬
= 𝑩𝑪 → 𝟐
= 𝟒
𝟐𝟎×𝟐
𝒙= 𝟒
= 𝟏𝟎 𝒎

8. (One data is missing i.e. “there is a light at the top of the pillar”.)
𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒇𝒕 is the pillar with a light at top.
If the emu (𝑪𝑫 = 𝟖 𝒇𝒕) is walking away from the foot of the pillar,
It’s shadow is infront of it’s.
The length of the shadow of the emu is based on it’s distance from the light pillar.
Let the distance x, y is as marked in the fig.
∵ 𝑨𝑩 ∥ 𝑪𝑫, Applying the basic proportionality theorem to the 𝜟𝑬𝑨𝑩
𝑬𝑪 𝑪𝑫 𝒙 𝟖
𝑬𝑨
= 𝑨𝑩 → 𝒙+𝒚
= 𝟑𝟎

𝟑𝟎𝒙 = 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚
𝟐𝟐𝒙 = 𝟖𝒚
𝟖𝒚 𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏 × 𝒚
𝟒
Length of the shadow = 𝟏𝟏 × 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒎𝒖 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓.

9. Draw two circles C1 and C2 with are intersecting at A and B.

Marking a point P on the circle C1 and drawn a tangent XPY to it.
Join PA, PB which intersect circle C2 at C, D
Since the quadrilateral ABCD is a cyclic on circle C1
The sum of the opposite angles = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
Also 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 = 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆
∴ ∠𝑷𝑫𝑪 = ∠𝑷𝑩𝑨 ------- ①
∠𝑷𝑪𝑫 = ∠𝑷𝑨𝑩 ------- ②
Also XY is a tangent at P for circle C1
(Alternate segment angles are equal)
∴ ∠𝑿𝑷𝑨 = ∠𝑷𝑩𝑨 ------- ③
∠𝒀𝑷𝑩 = ∠𝑷𝑨𝑩 ------- ④
From ① and ④, ∠𝑷𝑫𝑪 = ∠𝒀𝑷𝑩
∴ According to the Alternate Segment Theorem,
CD is parallel to the tangent at P (Proved)

10. Given : 𝑨𝑫: 𝑫𝑩 = 𝟓: 𝟑 ; 𝑩𝑬: 𝑬𝑪 = 𝟑: 𝟐 ; 𝑨𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏

𝑨𝑫 𝟓 𝑩𝑬 𝟑
∴ =𝟑 ; =𝟐
𝑫𝑩 𝑬𝑪
In 𝜟𝑨𝑩𝑪, D, E and F on AB, BC and CA (or their extension)
According to Menelaus theorem, for the collinearity of D, E and F
 𝑨𝑫 𝑩𝑬 𝑪𝑭
× × = −𝟏 ( The line segments are with direction)
𝑫𝑩 𝑬𝑪 𝑭𝑨
𝑨𝑫 𝑩𝑬 𝑭𝑪
(Or) × × = 𝟏 ( If any one of the line segments is changed with direction)
𝑫𝑩 𝑬𝑪 𝑭𝑨
𝟓 𝟑 𝑭𝑪
𝟑
× 𝟐 × 𝑭𝑨 = 𝟏
𝑭𝑪 𝟐
=𝟓
𝑭𝑨
𝑭𝑪 𝟐
=𝟓
𝑭𝑪+𝑪𝑨
𝑭𝑪 𝟐
=𝟓
𝑭𝑪+𝟐𝟏

𝟓𝑭𝑪 = 𝟐𝑭𝑪 + 𝟒𝟐
𝟓𝑭𝑪 − 𝟐𝑭𝑪 = 𝟒𝟐
𝟑𝑭𝑪 = 𝟒𝟐
𝟒𝟐
𝑭𝑪 = = 𝟏𝟒
𝟑
 10th Maths Unit Exercise Chapter – 5 Coordinate Geometry
1. Given : PQRS is a rectangle,
Their points are 𝑷(−𝟏, −𝟏), 𝑸(−𝟏, 𝟒), 𝑹(𝟓, 𝟒) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺(𝟓, −𝟏)
A, B, C and D are the mid-points of PQ, QR, RS and SP respectively.
(Hints to this problem :
1. For square, diagonals are equal and bisects perpendicular.
2. For rectangle, diagonals are equal and not bisects perpendicular.
3. For rhombus, diagonals are unequal but bisects perpendicular.
So finding the length of the diagonals and it’s slopes will give the answer)
𝒙𝟏 +𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 +𝒚𝟐
Using mid-point formula of 𝑨 = [ , ] Q B R
𝟐 𝟐
(−𝟏)+(−𝟏) (−𝟏)+(𝟒) 𝟑
𝑨 =[ , ] = (−𝟏, )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(−𝟏)+(𝟓) (𝟒)+(𝟒)
𝑩 =[ , ] = (𝟐, 𝟒) A C
𝟐 𝟐
(𝟓)+(𝟓) (𝟒)+(−𝟏) 𝟑
𝑪 =[ , ] = (𝟓, 𝟐)
𝟐 𝟐
(𝟓)+(−𝟏) (−𝟏)+(−𝟏)
𝑫 =[ , ] = (𝟐, −𝟏) P D S
𝟐 𝟐
For the quadrilateral ABCD, AC and BD are the two diagonals.
The length of the diagonals
The distance between two points = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
Distance of 𝑨𝑪 = √(𝟓 − (−𝟏)) + (𝟐 − 𝟐) = √(𝟓 + 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝟎)𝟐 = 𝟔

Distance of 𝑩𝑫 = √(𝟐 − 𝟐)𝟐 + ((−𝟏) − 𝟒)𝟐 = √(𝟎)𝟐 + (−𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟓

The Slopes of the diagonals
𝟑 𝟑
𝒚 −𝒚 − 𝟎
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝑪 = [𝒙𝟐−𝒙𝟏] = [𝟓−(−𝟏)
𝟐 𝟐
] = 𝟔 = 𝟎 i.e. 𝒕𝒂𝒏∅ = 𝟎, ∅ = 𝟎°
𝟐 𝟏
𝒚 −𝒚 −𝟏−(−𝟒) 𝟑
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝑫 = [𝒙𝟐−𝒙𝟏] = [ 𝟐−𝟐
] = 𝟎 = ∞ i.e. 𝒕𝒂𝒏∅ = ∞, ∅ = 𝟗𝟎°
𝟐 𝟏
∵Since the diagonals are unequal but bisecting perpendicular,
The quadrilateral ABCD is a Rhombus one.

2. Given : The area of the triangle = 5 sq.units, Two of its vertices are 𝑨 (𝟐, 𝟏) and 𝑩 (𝟑, – 𝟐).
Let the 3rd vertex be : 𝑪 (𝒙, 𝒚), where 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟑 ----- ①
𝟏 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟏
Area of a triangle = {𝒚 ⤨ 𝒚 ⤨ 𝒚 ⤨ 𝒚 }
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝒙 𝟐
{ ⤨ ⤨ ⤨ }=𝟓 𝑨 (𝟐, 𝟏), (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 )
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐 𝒚 𝟏
(−𝟒 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝒙) − (𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚) = 𝟓 × 𝟐
−𝟒 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝒙 − 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕 𝑩 𝑪
From ① 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟕 (𝟑, −𝟐), (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) (𝒙, 𝒚), (𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 )
𝟏𝟒 𝟕 𝟕 𝟏𝟑
𝟒𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒 (or) 𝒙 = = , 𝒚= + 𝟑=
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

3. Given : Three straight lines

𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 ----- ① , 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 ----- ② , 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 -----③
(Solving these three equations we can get the three vertices of a triangle.)
Taking ① and ②
𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐 → ①
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟑 → ②
① × 𝟐 → 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟒 → ④
② − ④ → −𝒙 = −𝟏
 (𝒐𝒓) 𝒙 = 𝟏 , ∴ 𝒚 = −𝟏
Taking ② and ③
𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟑 → ③
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟑 → ②
③ × 𝟐 → 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟔 → ⑤
② + ⑤ → 𝟗𝒙 = 𝟗
(𝒐𝒓) 𝒙 = 𝟏 , ∴ 𝒚 = −𝟏
Taking ③ and ①
𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟑 → ③
𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐 → ①
① + ③ → 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟓
(𝒐𝒓) 𝒙 = 𝟏 , ∴ 𝒚 = −𝟏
Here the three points found out are the same. ∴ They are cocurrent.
Since the three lines are concurrent, there will be no triangle formed
∴The area of the triangle = 0

4. Given : Area of a quadrilateral = 72 sq.units

The vertices of the quadrilateral are 𝑨(−𝟓, 𝟕), 𝑩(−𝟒, 𝒌), 𝑪(−𝟏, −𝟔), 𝑫(𝟒, 𝟓)
𝟏 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟒 𝒙𝟏
The area of a quadrilateral = {𝒚 ⤨ 𝒚 ⤨ 𝒚 ⤨ 𝒚 ⤨ 𝒚 }
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏
𝟏 −𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟏 𝟒 −𝟓
{ ⤨ ⤨ ⤨ ⤨ } = 𝟕𝟐
𝟐 𝟕 𝒌 −𝟔 𝟓 𝟕

{(−𝟓𝒌 + 𝟐𝟒 − 𝟓 + 𝟐𝟖)— (−𝟐𝟖 − 𝒌 − 𝟐𝟒 − 𝟐𝟓)} = 𝟕𝟐 × 𝟐

−𝟓𝒌 + 𝟒𝟕 + 𝟕𝟕 + 𝒌 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
−𝟒𝒌 + 𝟏𝟐𝟒 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
−𝟒𝒌 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐𝟒
𝟐𝟎
𝒌 = −𝟒 = −𝟓

5. Given : Four vertices 𝑨(−𝟐, −𝟏), 𝑩(𝟒, 𝟎), 𝑪(𝟑, 𝟑) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑫(−𝟑, 𝟐)
(Hint : If the slopes of the opposite sides are equal, they are parallel.)
(If so it’s a parallelogram.)
𝒚 −𝒚
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 (𝑻𝒘𝒐 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔) = [𝒙𝟐−𝒙𝟏]
𝟐 𝟏

𝟎−(−𝟏) 𝟏 𝟏
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑨𝑩 = [𝟒−(−𝟐)] = [𝟒+𝟐] = 𝟔
𝟑−𝟎 𝟑
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑩𝑪 = [𝟑−𝟒] = [−𝟏] = −𝟑
𝟐−𝟑 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑪𝑫 = [(−𝟑)−𝟑] = [−𝟑−𝟑] = −𝟔 = 𝟔
(−𝟏)−𝟐 −𝟑
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑫𝑨 = [(−𝟐)−(−𝟑)] = [ ] = −𝟑
𝟏

𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑨𝑩 = 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑪𝑫

𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑩𝑪 = 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑫𝑨
Here the slopes of the opposite sides are equal, so they are parallel.
∴ The given points are the vertices of parallelogram.

6. Given : Sum of the intercepts = 1, Product of the intercepts = -6

Let a, b be the intercepts.
𝒂+𝒃 =𝟏, 𝒂𝒃 = −𝟔
𝒃 = 𝟏−𝒂 , ∴ 𝒂(𝟏 − 𝒂) = −𝟔
 𝒂 − 𝒂𝟐 = −𝟔
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂 − 𝟔 = 𝟎
(𝒂 − 𝟑)(𝒂 + 𝟐) = 𝟎 (or) 𝒂 = 𝟑 , −𝟐
When 𝒂 = 𝟑 , 𝒃 = 𝟏 − 𝒂 ⟶ 𝟏 − 𝟑 = −𝟐
When 𝒂 = −𝟐 , 𝒃 = 𝟏 − 𝒂 ⟶ 𝟏 − (−𝟐) = 𝟑
𝒙 𝒚
Eqn. of the st. line for two intercept form 𝒂 + = 𝟏
𝒃
Eqn. of the st. line for the intercepts = 𝟑, 𝒃 = −𝟐 :
𝒙 𝒚
+ −𝟐 = 𝟏
𝟑
Multiplying with 6 (LCM of 3 and 2) on both sides,
𝟔×𝒙 𝟔×𝒚
+ −𝟐 = 𝟏 × 𝟔
𝟑
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔 (𝒐𝒓) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟔 = 𝟎
Eqn. of the st. line for the intercepts = −𝟐, 𝒃 = 𝟑 :
𝒙 𝒚
+𝟑=𝟏
−𝟐
Multiplying with 6 (LCM of 3 and 2) on both sides,
𝟔×𝒙 𝟔×𝒚
+ 𝟑 =𝟏×𝟔
−𝟐
−𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟔 (𝒐𝒓) 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟔 = 𝟎
The required eqns are : 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟔 = 𝟎

7. Given : 1st week price and quantity (A) = (𝑹𝒔. 𝟏𝟒, 𝟗𝟖𝟎 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒆) (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟐 )
2nd week price and quantity (B) = (𝑹𝒔. 𝟏𝟔, 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒆) (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟑 )
3rd week price and quantity (C) = (𝑹𝒔. 𝟏𝟕, 𝒙 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒆) (𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 )
Relationship is linear. It means A, B and C are lie on the same line.
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑩𝑪 = 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑨𝑩
𝒚 −𝒚 𝒚 −𝒚
[ 𝟑 𝟐 ] = [𝒙𝟐−𝒙𝟏 ]
𝒙𝟑 −𝒙𝟐 𝟐 𝟏

𝒙−𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟎−𝟗𝟖𝟎
[ 𝟏𝟕−𝟏𝟔 ] = [ 𝟏𝟔−𝟏𝟒 ]
𝟐𝟒𝟎
𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟎 = [ ]
𝟐

𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏𝟑𝟒𝟎

The milk vendor sold 1340 lit milk at the rate of Rs.17 per lit on that week.

8. Given : The mirror of the line : 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟕 , Object Point : 𝑨 (𝟑, 𝟖)

To be found : Image point of the object.
(Hints : Object and it’s image is always equidistant from the mirror perpendicularly.)
Mirror line : 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟕 ----- ① 𝑨 (𝟑, 𝟖)𝑶𝒃𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕
The perpendicular line of the mirror : 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝒌 = 𝟎 ----- ②
It passes through the object point : 𝑨 (𝟑, 𝟖)
Placing the value of 𝑨 (𝟑, 𝟖) in ② 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟕
𝟑 × 𝟑 − 𝟖 + 𝒌 = 𝟎 , ∴ 𝒌 = −𝟏 𝑩 (𝟏, 𝟐)
∴ The perpendicular eqn. is 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
(Or) 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟏 ----- ②
① × 𝟑 → 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟗𝒚 = 𝟐𝟏 ----- ③ 𝑪 (𝒙, 𝒚) 𝑰𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆
② − ③ → −𝟏𝟎𝒚 = −𝟐𝟎
∴ 𝒚 = 𝟐, 𝒙 = 𝟏 (This is midpoint of 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪)
Midpoint of 𝑨(𝟑, 𝟖) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪(𝒙, 𝒚) is 𝑩(𝟏, 𝟐)
𝟑+𝒙 𝟖+𝒚
I.e. ( , ) = (𝟏, 𝟐)
𝟐 𝟐
 𝟑+𝒙 𝟖+𝒚
=𝟏 =𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 = −𝟏, 𝒚 = −𝟒 ∴ The image point of the object is (−𝟏, −𝟒)

9. Given : 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚 = 𝟑 ------ ①
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = −𝟏 ------ ②
② × 𝟐 → 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 = −𝟐 ------ ③
𝟓
①−③ 𝟏𝟑𝒚 = 𝟓 ------ ③ or 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑
𝟓 𝟓
Put 𝒚 = − 𝟏𝟑 𝒊𝒏 ② → 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 (𝟏𝟑) = −𝟏
𝟏𝟓
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟑 = −𝟏
𝟏𝟓 𝟐 𝟏
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑 − 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑 (Or) 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑
𝟏 𝟓
The point of intersection is ( , )
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
The required eqn. has equal intercepts. And let it be a, a
𝒙 𝒚 𝟏 𝟓
∴ 𝒂 + 𝒂 = 𝟏 (or) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒂 And this is passes through the point of intersection (𝟏𝟑 , 𝟏𝟑)

𝟏 𝟓 𝟔
𝟏𝟑
+ 𝟏𝟑 = 𝒂 (or) 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟑
The required eqn. 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒂
𝟔
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑 (or) 𝟏𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔

10. Given : 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟓 = 𝟎 ; 3rd eqn. 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟖 = 𝟎

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = −𝟒 ------ ① 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟖 = 𝟎
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟓 ------ ②
① × 𝟑 → 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟗𝒚 = −𝟏𝟐 ------ ③
② × 𝟐 → 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 ------ ④ 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟓 = 𝟎
𝟐𝟐
③−④ − 𝟏𝟕𝒚 = −𝟐𝟐 or 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝟐
Put 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕 𝒊𝒏 ① → 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 (𝟏𝟕) = −𝟒 (− 𝟏𝟕 , 𝟏𝟕)
𝟔𝟔
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟕 = −𝟒
𝟔𝟔 𝟔𝟔−𝟔𝟖 𝟐 𝟏
𝟐𝒙 = −𝟒 = = − 𝟏𝟕 Or 𝒙 = − 𝟏𝟕
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕
𝟏 𝟐𝟐
The point of intersection is (− 𝟏𝟕 , 𝟏𝟕)
3rd eqn. 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟖 = 𝟎
The perpendicular of this eqn. which is passing through the point of intersection gives the
shortest distance.
∴ The perpendicular eqn. of 3rd eqn. is −𝟕𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝒌 = 𝟎
𝟏 𝟐𝟐
It passes through the point (− 𝟏𝟕 , 𝟏𝟕)
𝟏 𝟐𝟐
−𝟕 (− 𝟏𝟕) − 𝟔 (𝟏𝟕) + 𝒌 = 𝟎 ----- ①
① × 𝟏𝟕 → 𝟕 − 𝟏𝟑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟕 𝒌 = 𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟕 𝒌 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 or 𝒌 = 𝟏𝟕
𝟏𝟐𝟓
The reuired eqn. is −𝟕𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + = 𝟎
𝟏𝟕
𝟏𝟐𝟓
Multiplying by 17, −𝟕𝒙 × 𝟏𝟕 − 𝟔𝒚 × 𝟏𝟕 + × 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟕
𝟏𝟕

−𝟏𝟏𝟗𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎 (Or) 𝟏𝟏𝟗𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎

The required eqn. 𝟏𝟏𝟗𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎
(Note : In the above all problems, linear equations with two variables are solved by elimination
method. Students can follow their own method if feel easy.)
 10th Maths Unit Exercise Chapter – 6 Trigonometry
𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨−𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨−𝟏
1. (i) 𝑳𝑯𝑺 = 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝑨 [ ] + 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝑨 [𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨]
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨

𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝑨(𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨−𝟏)(𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨)+𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝑨(𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨−𝟏)(𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨)

=
(𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨)(𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨)

𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝑨(𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨−𝟏)(𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨+𝟏)+𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝑨(𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨−𝟏)(𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨+𝟏)

= (𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨)(𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨)

𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝑨(𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝑨−𝟏)+𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝑨(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝑨−𝟏)

=
(𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨)(𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨)

𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝑨×𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝑨+𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝑨×(−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝑨)

=
(𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨)(𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨)
𝟏 𝟏
×𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝑨+ 𝟐 ×(−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝑨)
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝑨
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨
(𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨)(𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨)
𝟏−𝟏
=
(𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨)(𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨)
𝟎
= (𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨)(𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨)

=𝟎
= 𝑹𝑯𝑺
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽−𝟏
(ii) 𝑳𝑯𝑺 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽+𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
−𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
= 𝟐
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
+𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
= 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽

= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
× 𝟏

= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
= 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
= 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
= 𝑹𝑯𝑺
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝟐
2. 𝑳𝑯𝑺 = [𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽]
(𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)𝟐
= (𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)𝟐

𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽(−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)+𝟐(−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)

= [ (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝑪)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝟐𝒃𝒄 + 𝟐𝒄𝒂]
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽+𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝟏+𝟏+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽−𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽−𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 (𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)(𝟐+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)
= 𝟏+𝟏+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽+𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = (𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)(𝟐+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)
𝟐−𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽−𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 (𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)
= 𝟐+𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = (𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)
𝟐(𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽(𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)
= 𝟐(𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)+𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽(𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽) = 𝑹𝑯𝑺
3. Given : 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝜽 + 𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 ------- ①
𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 ------------- ②
𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
From ② → 𝒙= ------------- ③
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝑷𝒖𝒕 ③ in ① → 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝜽 + 𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 (𝟏) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
∴ 𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 ③ 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
∴ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏 (Proved)

4. Given : 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝒄

Squaring on both sides → (𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐
𝒂𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝒄𝟐
𝒂𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽) + 𝒃𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽) − 𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝒄𝟐
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒃𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝒄𝟐
−𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = −𝒂𝟐 −𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐
𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 − 𝒄𝟐
(𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 − 𝒄𝟐

Taking square root on both sides, 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = ±√𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 − 𝒄𝟐

5. Let the bird is sitting initially at C which is 80 m high.

The angle of elevation of C, i.e. ∠𝑩𝑨𝑪 = 𝟒𝟓°
𝑩𝑪
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒𝟓° = 𝑨𝑩
𝟖𝟎
𝟏 = 𝑨𝑩 ; ∴ 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒎

Then the bird is flying horizontally 𝒙 𝒎 from C to the point E for 2 seconds.
𝑪𝑬 = 𝑩𝑫 = 𝒙 𝒎
Now the angle of elevation of E i.e. ∠𝑫𝑨𝑬 = 𝟑𝟎°
𝑫𝑬 𝑫𝑬
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑𝟎° = 𝑨𝑫 = 𝑨𝑩+𝑩𝑫
𝟏 𝟖𝟎
= 𝟖𝟎+𝒙
√𝟑

𝟖𝟎 + 𝒙 = √𝟑 × 𝟖𝟎
𝒙 = √𝟑 × 𝟖𝟎 − 𝟖𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎(√𝟑 − 𝟏) = 𝟖𝟎(𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟐 − 𝟏)
𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟐 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟓𝟔 𝒎
Distance travelled by the bird 𝒙 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟓𝟔 𝒎 ; Time taken for it = 2 seconds
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝟓𝟖.𝟓𝟔
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = = = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟐𝟖 𝒎/ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅.
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 𝟐

6. Let the plane be at C initially which is 600 m high.

 The angle of elevation ∠𝑩𝑨𝑪 = 𝟑𝟕°
𝑩𝑪
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑𝟕° = 𝑨𝑩
𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟔 = 𝒙+𝒚 ;
𝟔𝟎𝟎
∴ 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟎.𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟔 = 𝟕𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟖 𝒎
Then the plane is flying horizontally 𝒙 𝒎 to the point E.
𝑪𝑬 = 𝑩𝑫 = 𝒙 𝒎
Now the angle of elevation ∠𝑫𝑨𝑬 = 𝟓𝟑° ; DE = BC = 600 m
𝑫𝑬
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟓𝟑° = 𝑨𝑫
𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟕𝟎 =
𝒚
𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝒚= = 𝟒𝟓𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 𝒎
𝟏.𝟑𝟐𝟕
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟕𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟖 𝒎
𝒙 = 𝟕𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟖 − 𝒚
𝒙 = 𝟕𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟖 − 𝟒𝟓𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟑𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟑 𝒎
Distance travelled by the plane 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟑 𝒎 ; Speed of the plane = 175 m/seconds
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝟑𝟒𝟒.𝟎𝟑
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 = = = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟕 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅.
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝟏𝟕𝟓

7. The bird is flying from A to B at an angle of 𝟑𝟓° with respect to north.

𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒎 ; ∠𝑳𝑨𝑩 = 𝟗𝟎° − 𝟑𝟓° = 𝟓𝟓°
In the right angled triangle 𝑨𝑳𝑩
𝑳𝑩 𝑨𝑳
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝟓° = 𝑨𝑩 ; 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓𝟓° = 𝑨𝑩
𝑳𝑩 𝑨𝑳
𝟎. 𝟖𝟏𝟗𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎
; 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟔 = 𝟑𝟎
𝑳𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟏𝟗𝟐 × 𝟑𝟎 ; 𝑨𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟔 × 𝟑𝟎
𝑳𝑩 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟓𝟖 𝒎 ; 𝑨𝑳 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟏 𝒎
Now the bird is flying from B to C at an angle of 𝟒𝟖°
with respect to north. 𝑩𝑪 = 𝟑𝟐 𝒎 ; ∠𝑴𝑨𝑪 = 𝟗𝟎° − 𝟒𝟖° = 𝟒𝟐°
In the right angled triangle 𝑩𝑴𝑪
𝑴𝑪 𝑩𝑴
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝟐° = 𝑩𝑪 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝟐° = 𝑩𝑪
𝑴𝑪 𝑩𝑴
𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟗𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟑𝟏 =
𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐
𝑴𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟗𝟏 × 𝟑𝟐 𝑩𝑴 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟑𝟏 × 𝟑𝟐
𝑴𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟒𝟏 𝒎 𝑩𝑴 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟖 𝒎
(𝒊) 𝑩 𝒊𝒔 𝟐𝟒. 𝟓𝟖 𝒎 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑨 (𝒊. 𝒆. 𝑳𝑩) (𝒊𝒊) 𝑩 𝒊𝒔 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟏 𝒎 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑾𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑨 (𝒊. 𝒆. 𝑨𝑳)
(𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝑪 𝒊𝒔 𝟐𝟏. 𝟒𝟏 𝒎 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑩 (𝒊. 𝒆. 𝑴𝑪) (𝒊𝒗) 𝑪 𝒊𝒔 𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟖 𝒎 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑬𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑩 (𝒊. 𝒆. 𝑩𝑴)

8. Let A and B be the two ships on either side of the light house CD
√𝟑+𝟏
Distance between two ships 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 [ ] 𝒎
√𝟑
The angle depressions from the top light house are 𝟔𝟎° 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒𝟓°
∴ The angle of elevation from A is 𝟔𝟎°
The angle of elevation from B is 𝟒𝟓°
Let the height of light house CD be 𝒉 𝒎
𝒉
From the rt. Triangle 𝑨𝑫𝑪, 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟔𝟎° =
𝑨𝑫
𝒉 𝒉
√𝟑 = 𝑨𝑫 ∴ 𝑨𝑫 =
√𝟑
𝒉
From the rt. Triangle 𝑩𝑫𝑪, 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟓° = 𝑩𝑫
𝒉
𝟏 = 𝑩𝑫 ∴ 𝑩𝑫 = 𝒉
𝒉
𝑨𝑫 + 𝑩𝑫 = +𝒉
√𝟑
 𝟏
𝑨𝑩 = 𝒉 [ + 𝟏]
√𝟑
√𝟑+𝟏 √𝟑+𝟏
𝟐𝟎𝟎 [ ] = 𝒉[ ]
√𝟑 √𝟑
∴ 𝒉 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎
Hieght of the light house = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎

9. Width of the street = 𝟑𝟓 𝒎 ; AD is the Buiding ; BC is the Statue.

From the top of the building ,
The angle of elevation of the top of the statue = 𝟐𝟒°
The angle of depression of the top of the statue = 𝟑𝟒°
∴The angle of elevation of the top of the building = 𝟑𝟒°
𝑨𝑫
In the 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 ∆ 𝑩𝑨𝑫 , 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑𝟒° = 𝑨𝑩
𝑨𝑫
𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟒𝟓 =
𝟑𝟓
𝑨𝑫 = 𝟑𝟓 × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟒𝟓 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟔𝟏 𝒎
∴ 𝑩𝑬 = 𝑨𝑫 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟔𝟏 𝒎
𝑬𝑪
In the 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 ∆ 𝑫𝑬𝑪 , 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐𝟒° =
𝑫𝑬
𝑬𝑪
𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟐 =
𝟑𝟓
𝑬𝑪 = 𝟑𝟓 × 𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟖 𝒎
𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒆 = 𝑩𝑬 + 𝑬𝑪
= 𝟐𝟑. 𝟔𝟏 + 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟖
= 𝟑𝟗. 𝟏𝟗 𝒎.
Hieght of the Statue = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟏𝟗 𝒎
 10th Maths Unit Exercise Chapter – 7 Mensurattion.
1. Given : Pen’s Cylindrical barrel length = 7 cm ; Dia. = 5 mm (or) 0.5 cm ; ∴Radius = 0.25 cm
Volume of the ink bootle = 1/5th of 1 litre ; Number of words written in 1 barrel = 330
𝟐𝟐
𝑽𝒐𝒍. 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒚𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒍 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉 = × 𝒐. 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟕 = 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝟕
𝟏𝒕𝒉 𝟏
𝑽𝒐𝒍. 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒌 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒍𝒆 = 𝟓 𝒐𝒇 𝟏 𝒍𝒊𝒕. = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒍 𝒐𝒓 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝑽𝒐𝒍.𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒌 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝟐𝟎𝟎
Number of barrels to be filled up = 𝑽𝒐𝒍.𝒐𝒇 𝟏 𝑪𝒚𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒍 =
𝟐𝟐×𝟎.𝟐𝟓×𝟎.𝟐𝟓
Number of words to be written = 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒔 × 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝒘𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝟏 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒍
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟐𝟐×𝟎.𝟐𝟓×𝟎.𝟐𝟓 × 𝟑𝟑𝟎 = 𝟐𝟐×𝟐𝟓×𝟐𝟓
× 𝟑𝟑𝟎 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
Number of words written using the ink in the bottle = 48000

2. Given : Radius of the hemispherical tank = 1.75 m ; Emptying speed of the pipe = 7 lit. per second
𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟐
𝑽𝒐𝒍. 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 = 𝟑 𝝅𝒓𝟑 = 𝟑 × 𝟕
× 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓𝟑 𝒎𝟑 (𝒐𝒓) 𝟑 × 𝟕 × 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒊𝒕.
𝑽𝒐𝒍.𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 = 𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒚𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒊𝒑𝒆
𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟏.𝟕𝟓×𝟏.𝟕𝟓×𝟏.𝟕𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
=𝟑× × = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒅𝒔
𝟕 𝟕
𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟒
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒔 (𝑶𝒓) 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟐𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄.

3. Given : Solid hemisphere of radius = r

𝟐
It’s Volume = 𝝅𝒓𝟑
𝟑
Radius of the cone maximum carved from it = r unit
Height of the cone maximum carved from it also = r unit
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝑽𝒐𝒍. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒆 = 𝟑 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉 = 𝟑 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒓 = 𝟑 𝝅𝒓𝟑 𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒊𝒄 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.

4. Given : Cylinder portion dia = 8 cm ; ∴ r = 4 cm ; h = 10 cm

Frustum portion d = 8 cm ; ∴ r = 4 cm ;
D = 18 cm ; ∴ R = 9 cm ; h = 12 cm
Frustum’s Slant height = √(𝑹 − 𝒓)𝟐 + 𝒉𝟐 = √𝟓𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑 𝒄𝒎
CSA of funnel = 𝟐𝝅𝒓𝒉 + 𝝅(𝑹 + 𝒓)𝒍 = 𝝅[𝟐𝒓𝒉 + (𝑹 + 𝒓)𝒍]
= 𝝅[𝟐 × 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎 + (𝟗 + 𝟒)𝟏𝟑]
= 𝝅[𝟖𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔𝟗]
𝟐𝟐
= 𝟕
× 𝟐𝟒𝟗 = 𝟕𝟖𝟐. 𝟓𝟕 𝒄𝒎𝟐
Sheet required to funnel = 𝟕𝟖𝟐. 𝟓𝟕 𝒄𝒎𝟐

5. Given : Coin dia = 1.5 cm ; ∴ r = 0.75 cm ; Thickness (h) = 2 mm (or) 0.2 cm

Cylinder dia = 4.5 cm ; ∴ r = 2.25 cm ; Height (h) = 10 cm
Volume of a coin = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉 = 𝝅 × 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟑
Volume of the cylinder = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉 = 𝝅 × 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒚𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓
Number of coins required to the cylinder =
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒏 3 3 50
𝝅×𝟐.𝟐𝟓×𝟐.𝟐𝟓×𝟏𝟎 𝝅×𝟐𝟐𝟓×𝟐𝟐𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟎
= = = 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝝅×𝟎.𝟕𝟓×𝟎.𝟕𝟓×𝟎.𝟐 𝝅×𝟕𝟓×𝟕𝟓×𝟐

Number of coins required to the cylinder = 450

6. Given : Hollow Cylinder R = 4.3 cm ; r = 1.1 cm ; Height (h) = 4 cm

Solid Cylinder Height (h) = 12 cm ; r = ?
Volume of the Hollow Cylinder = 𝝅𝒉(𝑹 + 𝒓)(𝑹 − 𝒓) = 𝝅 × 𝟒 × (𝟒. 𝟑 + 𝟏. 𝟏)(𝟒. 𝟑 − 𝟏. 𝟏)
Volume of the Solid cylinder = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉 = 𝝅 × 𝐫 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎
 Volume of the Solid cylinder = Volume of the Hollow Cylinder
𝝅 × 𝐫 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝝅 × 𝟒 × (𝟒. 𝟑 + 𝟏. 𝟏)(𝟒. 𝟑 − 𝟏. 𝟏)
𝝅 × 𝐫 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝝅 × 𝟒 × 𝟓. 𝟒 × 𝟑. 𝟐
𝟒×𝟓.𝟒×𝟑.𝟐
𝐫𝟐 = = √𝟏. 𝟖 × 𝟑. 𝟐
𝟏𝟐

𝐫 = √𝟓. 𝟕𝟔 = 𝟐. 𝟒 𝒄𝒎
Diameter of the Solid cylinder = 𝟐𝒓 = 𝟐 × 𝟐. 𝟒 = 𝟒. 𝟖 𝒄𝒎

7. Given : Frustum cone Slant height = 4 m ; Perimeters = 16 m, 18 m

𝑷 𝟏𝟔 𝟖 𝑷 𝟏𝟖 𝟗
∴ It’s radii 𝒓 = 𝟐𝝅 = 𝟐𝝅 = 𝝅 ; 𝑹 = 𝟐𝝅 = 𝟐𝝅 = 𝝅
𝟗 𝟖 𝟗+𝟖
CSA of funnel = 𝝅(𝑹 + 𝒓)𝒍 = 𝝅 (𝝅 + 𝝅) 𝟒 = 𝝅 ( )𝟒 = 𝟏𝟕 × 𝟒 = 𝟔𝟖 𝒎𝟐
𝝅
Rate of Painting = Rs. 100 per sq.m
Cost of Painting = 68 X 100 = Rs. 6800

8. Given : Hemi-spherical hollow bowl : External dia. = 14 cm ; ∴ R = 7 cm

𝟒𝟑𝟔𝝅
It’s material volume = 𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝟐𝝅(𝑹𝟑 −𝒓𝟑 ) 𝟒𝟑𝟔𝝅
It’s material volume = =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟒𝟑𝟔
𝟕𝟑 − 𝒓𝟑 = = 𝟐𝟏𝟖
𝟐
𝟑𝟒𝟑 − 𝒓𝟑 = 𝟐𝟏𝟖
−𝒓𝟑 = 𝟐𝟏𝟖 − 𝟑𝟒𝟑
𝒓𝟑 = −𝟐𝟏𝟖 + 𝟑𝟒𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟑
𝒓 = √𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟓 𝒄𝒎
Thickness of the bowl : (R – r) = 7 – 5 = 2 cm
𝟓 𝟏
9. Given : Volume of a cone = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝟕 𝒄𝒎𝟑 ; It’s base area = 𝟐𝟎𝟏 𝟕 𝒄𝒎𝟐 ; Slant height of cone = ?
𝟏 𝟐𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟐
Base Area = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟏 𝟕 ; 𝒓 = 𝟕
𝟕
𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟖
𝒓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒
𝒓 = √𝟔𝟒 = 𝟖 𝒄𝒎
𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟎𝟒𝟎
It’s volume = 𝟑
𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝟕 ; 𝟑
× 𝟕 × 𝟖×𝟖×𝒉= 𝟕
𝟕𝟎𝟒𝟎×𝟑
𝒉 = 𝟐𝟐×𝟖×𝟖 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒄𝒎
Slant height of cone = √𝒓𝟐 + 𝒉𝟐 = √𝟖𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓𝟐 = √𝟔𝟒 + 𝟐𝟐𝟓 = √𝟐𝟖𝟗 = 𝟏𝟕 𝒄𝒎

10. Given : Segment of a circular sheet Radius r = 21 cm

It’s central angle angle 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔°
𝒙 𝟐𝟏𝟔
It’s arc length = 𝟑𝟔𝟎 × 𝟐𝝅𝒓 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎 × 𝟐𝝅 × 𝟐𝟏

Perimeter of the cone formed = Arc length of the segment 𝟐𝟏𝟔°

𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝟐𝝅𝒓 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎 × 𝟐𝝅 × 𝟐𝟏
𝟔𝟑
𝒓= 𝒄𝒎
𝟓

Slant height of the cone = Radius of the segment ; ∴ 𝒍 = 𝟐𝟏 𝒄𝒎

𝟔𝟑 𝟐 𝟑𝟗𝟔𝟗 𝟒𝟒𝟏×𝟐𝟓−𝟑𝟗𝟔𝟗 𝟕𝟎𝟓𝟔 𝟖𝟒

Height of the cone = √𝒍𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 = √𝟐𝟏𝟐 − [ ] = √𝟒𝟒𝟏 − =√ =√ = 𝒄𝒎
𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟓

3
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝟐 𝟔𝟑 𝟔𝟑 𝟖𝟒 𝟑𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟕𝟐
Volume of the cone = 𝟑 𝝅𝒓 𝒉 = 𝟑 × × × × = = 𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟒. 𝟏𝟖 𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝟕 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟓
 10th Maths Unit Exercise Chapter – 8 Mensurattion.

1. Given : The data and the frequency table:

Class Interval 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 - 120
Frequency 5 𝒇𝟏 10 𝒇𝟐 7 8
Sum of all frequencies = 𝟓 + 𝒇𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝒇𝟐 + 𝟕 + 𝟖 = 𝒇𝟏 + 𝒇𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟓𝟎
𝒇𝟏 + 𝒇𝟐 = 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 ; ∴ 𝒇𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎 − 𝒇𝟐 ------- ①
Class Mid value : 𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟕𝟎 𝟗𝟎 𝟏𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎×𝟓+𝟑𝟎×𝒇𝟏 +𝟓𝟎×𝟏𝟎+𝟕𝟎×𝒇𝟐 +𝟗𝟎×𝟕+𝟏𝟏𝟎×𝟖
Class mean = 𝟓𝟎
= 𝟔𝟐. 𝟖
𝟓𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎𝒇𝟏 + 𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝟕𝟎𝒇𝟐 + 𝟔𝟑𝟎 + 𝟖𝟖𝟎 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟖 × 𝟓𝟎
Dividing by 10 on both sides : 𝟓 + 𝟑𝒇𝟏 + 𝟓𝟎 + 𝟕𝒇𝟐 + 𝟔𝟑 + 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟖 × 𝟓
𝟑𝒇𝟏 + 𝟕𝒇𝟐 + 𝟐𝟏𝟔 = 𝟑𝟏𝟒
𝟑𝒇𝟏 + 𝟕𝒇𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏𝟒 − 𝟐𝟏𝟔 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖
From ① → 𝟑(𝟐𝟎 − 𝒇𝟐) + 𝟕𝒇𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝟒𝒇𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖 − 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟒𝟖 ;
𝟒𝟖
𝒇𝟐 = = 𝟏𝟐 ; 𝒇𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟖
𝟒

2. Given : The data and the frequency table:

Diameters 33 – 36 37 – 40 41 – 44 45 – 48 49 – 52
Number of circles 15 17 21 22 25

The continuous frequency = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟓 − 𝟑𝟔. 𝟓, 𝟑𝟔. 𝟓 − 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓, 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓 − 𝟒𝟒. 𝟓, 𝟒𝟒. 𝟓 − 𝟒𝟖. 𝟓, 𝟒𝟖. 𝟓 − 𝟓𝟐. 𝟓
The Midvalue = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟓, 𝟑𝟖. 𝟓, 𝟒𝟐. 𝟓, 𝟒𝟔. 𝟓, 𝟓𝟎. 𝟓
Let the assumed mean A = 42.5 and C = 4

𝒙𝟏 − 𝑨
Diameters Midvalue fi 𝒅𝒊 =
𝒄
𝒅𝒊 𝟐 fidi fidi2

𝟑𝟐. 𝟓 − 𝟑𝟔. 𝟓 34.5 15 −2 4 −30 60

𝟑𝟔. 𝟓 − 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓 38.5 17 −1 1 −17 17

𝟒𝟎. 𝟓 − 𝟒𝟒. 𝟓 42.5 21 0 0 0 0

𝟒𝟒. 𝟓 − 𝟒𝟖. 𝟓 46.5 22 1 1 22 22

𝟒𝟖. 𝟓 − 𝟓𝟐. 𝟓 50.5 25 2 4 50 100

N=100 ∑di = 0 ∑fidi = 25 ∑fidi2 = 199

∑𝐟 𝐝 ∑𝐟 𝐝 𝟐 𝟐
Standard Deviation σ = 𝐂 × √ 𝐢𝐍 𝐢 – ( 𝐍𝐢 𝐢 )

𝟏𝟗𝟗 𝟐𝟓 𝟐
= 𝟒 × √𝟏𝟎𝟎 – ( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝟏 𝟐
= 𝟒 × √𝟏. 𝟗𝟗 – (𝟒)
𝟏.𝟗𝟗×𝟏𝟔−𝟏
=𝟒 × √
𝟏𝟔
√𝟑𝟏.𝟖𝟒−𝟏 √𝟑𝟎.𝟖𝟒
=𝟒 × =𝟒 × = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟓
√𝟏𝟔 𝟒
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝑫 𝝈 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟓
3. Given : Variance 𝝈𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 ; The data and the frequency table:
𝒙 𝒌 𝒌 𝟑𝒌 𝟒𝒌 𝟓𝒌 𝟔𝒌
𝒇 2 1 1 1 1 1

Using direct method

𝒙 𝒇 𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 (𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 )𝟐

𝒌 2 𝟐𝒌 𝟒𝒌𝟐

𝟐𝒌 1 𝟐𝒌 𝟒𝒌𝟐

𝟑𝒌 1 𝟑𝒌 𝟗𝒌𝟐

𝟒𝒌 1 𝟒𝒌 𝟏𝟔𝒌𝟐

𝟓𝒌 1 𝟓𝒌 𝟐𝟓𝒌𝟐

𝟔𝒌 1 𝟔𝒌 𝟑𝟔𝒌𝟐

∑𝒇𝒊 = 𝟕 ∑(𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 ) = 𝟐𝟐𝒌 ∑(𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = 𝟗𝟐𝒌𝟐

∑𝐟𝐢 𝐱𝐢 𝟐 ∑𝐟𝐢 𝐱𝐢 𝟐
Standard Deviation σ = √ – ( )
∑𝐟𝐢 ∑𝐟𝐢
∑𝐟𝐢 𝐱𝐢 𝟐 ∑𝐟 𝐱 𝟐
Variance 𝝈𝟐 = – ( 𝐢 𝐢
)
∑𝐟𝐢 ∑𝐟𝐢
𝟗𝟐𝒌𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝐤 𝟐
– ( 𝟕 ) = 𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝟕
𝟗𝟐𝒌𝟐 ×𝟕−(𝟐𝟐𝒌)𝟐
= 𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝟕×𝟕
𝟐
𝟔𝟒𝟒𝒌 −𝟒𝟖𝟒𝒌 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝟕×𝟕
𝟏𝟔𝟎𝒌𝟐

𝟕×𝟕
= 𝟏𝟔𝟎 ;
𝟐
𝒌 = 𝟒𝟗 (Or) 𝒌 = 𝟕

4. Given : The SD of some temperature data in degree Celsius (℃) = 𝟓

𝟗
Celsius(℃) to Farenheit (℉) conversion = 𝟓 × ℃ + 𝟑𝟐
𝟗
∴ The SD of that temperature datas in Farenheit (℉) = × 𝟓 = 𝟗 [𝑳𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒍. 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝟑𝟐]
𝟓
𝟐 𝟐
It’s variance 𝝈 = 𝟗 = 𝟖𝟏

5. Given : ∑(𝒙 − 𝟓) = 𝟑 ; i.e. ∑ 𝒅𝒊 = 𝟑 ; Number of datas 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟖

∑(𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟑 ; i.e. ∑ 𝒅𝒊 𝟐 = 𝟒𝟑
∑ 𝒅𝒊 𝟐 ∑ 𝒅𝒊 𝟐 𝟒𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
𝑺𝑫 = √ −( ) = √𝟏𝟖 − (𝟏𝟖)
𝒏 𝒏

𝟒𝟑×𝟏𝟖−𝟗
=√
𝟏𝟖𝟐

𝟕𝟔𝟓 √𝟕𝟔𝟓 𝟐𝟕.𝟔𝟔

= √𝟏𝟖𝟐 = = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟒
√𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝟏𝟖

6. Prices in city A : 20, 22, 19, 23, 16

Prices in city B : 10, 20, 18, 12, 15

𝟐𝟎+𝟐𝟐+𝟏𝟗+𝟐𝟑+𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟎+ 𝟐𝟎+𝟏𝟖+𝟏𝟐+𝟏𝟓

𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑨 = = 𝟐𝟎 ; 𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑩 = = 𝟏𝟓
𝟓 𝟓
 To find SD for city A To find SD for city B

di = xi − x̅ di = xi − x̅
xi di2 xi di2
= xi − 20 = xi − 15
20 0 0 10 −5 25
22 2 4 20 5 25
19 −1 1 18 3 9
23 3 9 12 −3 9
16 −4 16 15 0 0
20 68
∑𝒅𝒊 𝟐 𝟑𝟎
SD of A (σ) = √ = √ 𝟓 = √𝟔 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓
𝒏

∑𝒅𝒊 𝟐 𝟔𝟖
SD of B (σ) = √ = √ 𝟓 = √𝟏𝟑. 𝟔 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟗
𝒏
𝛔 𝟐.𝟒𝟓
C.V of A = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 12.25 ------------- ①
𝐱̅ 𝟐𝟎
𝟑.𝟔𝟗
C.V of B = 𝟏𝟓
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 24.6 ------------- ②

Comparing ① and ② City A is more consistent.

𝑳−𝑺
7. Given : Range : 𝑳 − 𝑺 = 𝟐𝟎 ; Coefficient : = 𝟎. 𝟐
𝑳+𝑺
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎
= 𝟎. 𝟐 (𝒐𝒓) 𝑳 + 𝑺 = = = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑳+𝑺 𝟎.𝟐 𝟐
𝑳 − 𝑺 = 𝟐𝟎 ------ ①
𝑳 + 𝑺 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 ------- ②

𝑨𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 ① 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ② → 𝟐𝑳 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 ; 𝑳 = 𝟔𝟎 ; 𝑺 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟒

8. Two dice are rolled.

Then it’s Sample space = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6)
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
n(S) = 36
(i). Let A be the event of getting the product value is 6
𝑨 = {(𝟐, 𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟐), (𝟏, 𝟔), (𝟔, 𝟏)} ; 𝒏(𝑨) = 𝟒
𝒏(𝑨) 𝟒
𝑷(𝑨) = = 𝟑𝟔
𝒏(𝑺)

(ii). Let B be the event of getting a product as a prime number

𝑩 = {(𝟏, 𝟔), (𝟔, 𝟏)} ; 𝒏(𝑨) = 𝟔
𝒏(𝑩) 𝟐
𝑷(𝑩) = = 𝟑𝟔
𝒏(𝑺)

Also (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = {(𝟏, 𝟔), (𝟔, 𝟏)}; 𝒏(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 𝟐

𝒏(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) 𝟐
𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = =
𝒏(𝑺) 𝟑𝟔

𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩) − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)

𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟏
𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟗

𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒈𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝟔 𝟏

=
𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝟓. 𝟗
9. Given : A family with 2 children
The Sample space of the family = {(𝑭, 𝑴, 𝑩, 𝑩), (𝑭, 𝑴, 𝑩, 𝑮), (𝑭, 𝑴, 𝑮, 𝑮)} ; 𝒏(𝑺) = 𝟑
Let A be the event of at least one girl
𝑨 = {(𝑭, 𝑴, 𝑩, 𝑮), (𝑭, 𝑴, 𝑮, 𝑮)} ; 𝒏(𝑨) = 𝟐
𝒏(𝑨) 𝟐
𝑷(𝑨) = =𝟑
𝒏(𝑺)
𝟐
The probability for at least one girl in the family = 𝟑

10. Given : A bag contains 𝟓 white balls

Let the number of black balls = 𝒙 ; 𝒏(𝑺) = 𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒙
Probability of getting a black ball 𝑷(𝑨) = 𝒙+𝟓 ------- ①
𝟓
Probability of getting a white ball 𝑷(𝑩) = ------- ②
𝒙+𝟓

As per condition , ① = 𝟐 × ②
𝒙 𝟓
= 𝟐 × 𝒙+𝟓
𝒙+𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
Number of black balls in the bag = 10

11. Given : Probability of passing the English examination : 𝑷(𝑬) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓

Probability of passing in both English and Tamil : 𝑷(𝑬 ∩ 𝑻) = 𝟎. 𝟓
Probability of passing neither : 𝑷(𝑬 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
∪ 𝑻) = 𝟎. 𝟏
∴ Probability of passing either : 𝑷(𝑬 ∪ 𝑻) = 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟗
Also, 𝑷(𝑬 ∪ 𝑻) = 𝑷(𝑬) + 𝑷(𝑻) − 𝑷(𝑬 ∩ 𝑻)
𝟎. 𝟗 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 + 𝑷(𝑻) − 𝟎. 𝟓
𝑷(𝑻) = 𝟎. 𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓
Probability of passing in Tamil = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓

12. Total cards in a deck = 52

Cards removed in spade is King, Queen and Jack = 3
Remaining cards for selection : 𝒏(𝑺) = 𝟓𝟐 − 𝟑 = 𝟒𝟗

(i). Probability of getting a diamond

Number of diamond cards in the list of selection : 𝒏(𝑨) = 𝟏𝟑
𝒏(𝑨) 𝟏𝟑
Probability of getting a diamond 𝑷(𝑨) = 𝒏(𝑺)
= 𝟒𝟗

(ii). Probability of getting a queen

Number of queen cards in the list of selection : 𝒏(𝑩) = 𝟒 − 𝟏 = 𝟑
𝒏(𝑩) 𝟑
Probability of getting a queen 𝑷(𝑩) = = 𝟒𝟗
𝒏(𝑺)

(iii). Probability of getting a spade

Number of spade cards in the list of selection : 𝒏(𝑪) = 𝟏𝟑 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒏(𝑪) 𝟏𝟎
Probability of getting a spade : 𝑷(𝑪) = 𝒏(𝑺) = 𝟒𝟗

(iv) Probability of getting a heart card bearing the number 5.

Number of heart card bearing 5 in the list of selection : 𝒏(𝑫) = 𝟏
𝒏(𝑫) 𝟏
Probability of getting a heart card bearing the number 5 : 𝑷(𝑫) = = 𝟒𝟗
𝒏(𝑺)
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