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Grade 9 Mathematics Classroom Notes

The document covers quadratic equations and functions, including their standard form, solving methods such as factoring and the quadratic formula, and graph analysis. It emphasizes real-world applications, such as projectile motion, and provides example problems for practice. Key concepts include the discriminant for determining root nature and graph features like vertex and intercepts.

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26 views9 pages

Grade 9 Mathematics Classroom Notes

The document covers quadratic equations and functions, including their standard form, solving methods such as factoring and the quadratic formula, and graph analysis. It emphasizes real-world applications, such as projectile motion, and provides example problems for practice. Key concepts include the discriminant for determining root nature and graph features like vertex and intercepts.

Uploaded by

woohule6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Grade 9 Mathematics Classroom Notes‌

Topic: Quadratic Equations and Functions‌

Learning Objectives‌
Define ‌quadratic equations‌and understand their standard form.
Solve quadratic equations using ‌factoring‌, ‌quadratic formula‌, and ‌graphing‌.
Analyze the graph of a quadratic function (parabola).
Apply quadratic models to real-world problems.
Key Concepts‌
1. ‌Quadratic Equation‌
Standard form‌:
𝑎
𝑥
2
+
𝑏
𝑥
+
𝑐
=
0
ax
2
+bx+c=0, where
𝑎
≠
0
a

=0.
Solutions‌(roots): Values of
𝑥
x that satisfy the equation.
2. ‌Solving Methods‌
Factoring‌:
Example:
𝑥
2
−
5
𝑥
+
6
=
0
⇒
(
𝑥
−
2
)
(
𝑥
−
3
)
=
0
⇒
𝑥
=
2
x
2
−5x+6=0⇒(x−2)(x−3)=0⇒x=2 or
𝑥
=
3
x=3.
Quadratic Formula‌:
𝑥
=
−
𝑏
±
𝑏
2
−
4
𝑎
𝑐
2
𝑎
x=
2a
−b±
b
2
−4ac

.
Discriminant (
Δ
=
𝑏
2
−
4
𝑎
𝑐
Δ=b
2
−4ac) determines the nature of roots:
Δ
>
0
Δ>0: Two distinct real roots.
Δ
=
0
Δ=0: One real root (repeated).
Δ
<
0
Δ<0: No real roots (complex solutions).
3. ‌Graphs of Quadratic Functions‌
Vertex form‌:
𝑦
=
𝑎
(
𝑥
−
ℎ
)
2
+
𝑘
y=a(x−h)
2
+k, where
(
ℎ
,
𝑘
)
(h,k) is the vertex.
Key features‌:
Direction‌: Opens upward if
𝑎
>
0
a>0, downward if
𝑎
<
0
a<0.
Axis of symmetry‌: Vertical line
𝑥
=
ℎ
x=h.
Intercepts‌:
y-intercept‌:
(
0
,
𝑐
)
(0,c).
x-intercepts‌: Roots of the equation.
Example Problems‌
Example 1: Solve
2
𝑥
2
−
4
𝑥
−
6
=
0
2x
2
−4x−6=0
Using quadratic formula‌:
𝑎
=
2
a=2,
𝑏
=
−
4
b=−4,
𝑐
=
−
6
c=−6.
Δ
=
(
−
4
)
2
−
4
(
2
)
(
−
6
)
=
16
+
48
=
64
Δ=(−4)
2
−4(2)(−6)=16+48=64.
𝑥
=
4
±
64
4
=
4
±
8
4
⇒
𝑥
=
3
x=
4
4±
64

=
4
4±8
⇒x=3 or
𝑥
=
−
1
x=−1.
Example 2: Real-World Application
A ball is thrown upward with velocity
𝑣
=
20

m/s
v=20m/s. Height
ℎ
(
𝑡
)
=
−
5
𝑡
2
+
20
𝑡
h(t)=−5t
2
+20t.
Question‌: When does the ball hit the ground?
Solve‌:
−
5
𝑡
2
+
20
𝑡
=
0
⇒
𝑡
(
−
5
𝑡
+
20
)
=
0
⇒
𝑡
=
0
−5t
2
+20t=0⇒t(−5t+20)=0⇒t=0 (initial) or
𝑡
=
4

seconds
t=4seconds.
Common Mistakes & Tips‌
Factoring Errors‌: Check if terms are grouped correctly and signs match.
Quadratic Formula‌: Always simplify the discriminant before dividing.
Graphing‌: Label the vertex and intercepts clearly.
Summary‌
Quadratic equations model parabolic relationships (e.g., projectile motion, area optimization).
Multiple solving methods offer flexibility; choose based on context.
Graphs visually represent roots, vertex, and direction of the parabola.

Homework‌: Solve 3 problems using each method (Page 189, Questions 2, 5, 8).

Note: Use graphing software (e.g., Desmos) to explore how


𝑎
a,
𝑏
b, and
𝑐
c affect the parabola.

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