Experiment - 2

Aim - To establish a peer to peer network using Cisco Packet Tracer.

Software Used - Cisco Packet Tracer (CPT)

Theory -
What is Peer to Peer network or P2P?

A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a type of computer network where each

device, or "peer," can act as both a client and a server. In simple terms,
instead of having a central server that stores information and serves all
the clients (like in a traditional client-server network), each peer in a P2P
network shares its own resources directly with other peers.

For example, if you have files on your computer, you can share them
directly with others in the network, and they can also share their files with
you. Everyone can request and provide resources without needing a
central authority. This is commonly used in file-sharing systems like
BitTorrent.

Procedure -
1 - Open CPT.
2 - Select two PC from End Devices one by one.
3 - Join the two PC’s using Cross - over cables.
4 - Set the IP Address of the two PC’s (10.10.10.1 for 1st and 10.10.10.2
for 2nd).

Testing -
Open the command prompt of 1st PC and enter the command ping
10.10.10.2. This command will send and receive 4 messages, if we
receive them properly without any troubleshooting then we have
connected the two pc’s successfully.
Observation -

Result - We have established a P2P network successfully.

 Experiment - 3

Aim - To establish a LAN using a hub.

Software Used - Cisco Packet Tracer (CPT)

Theory -
What is a LAN?

● A LAN (Local Area Network) is a type of computer network that

connects devices within a limited area, such as a home, school,
office building, or campus. Devices in a LAN are connected to each
other, allowing them to share data and resources (like printers or
internet connections) at high speeds.
● A key feature of a LAN is that it covers a relatively small
geographical area, unlike wide area networks (WANs), which can
span entire cities or countries. Typically, LANs use Ethernet cables
or Wi-Fi to connect devices, such as computers, servers, and
printers.
● In short, a LAN allows multiple devices in a close proximity to
communicate and share resources easily.

Procedure -
1 - Open CPT.
2 - Select a hub.
3 - Join 6 PC’s to the hub using Straight Through cable.
4 - Set the IP Address of the PC’s (Starting from 10.10.10.1 till
10.10.10.6).
5 - Now simulate the hub.

Testing -
Simulate the setup that you have made by sending a simple PDU
between any two PC’s.

Observation -

Communication between 10.10.10.1 and 10.10.10.4

Result - We have successfully established a LAN.
 Experiment – 6
Aim – Wireless router configuration using cisco packet
Theory:
Wireless router configuration is a fundamental aspect of network
management and plays a crucial role in providing wireless connectivity to
devices. In this experiment, you will configure a wireless router using Cisco
Packet Tracer. Here's a theoretical background to help you understand the
key concepts involved:

Router :- A router is a networking device that connects different networks

together. It acts as a gateway. routing data packets between devices on a
local network and external networks such as the internet. Routers use rou
ng tables to determine where to forward data packets

Wireless Networking :- Wireless networking, also known as Wi-Fi, enables

devices to connect to a network without physical cables. Wireless routers
provide this functionality. They broadcast wireless signals using radio
waves, allowing devices like laptops and smartphones to connect to the
network.
SSID (Service Set Identifier) :- SSID is the name of the wireless network. It
allows devices to identify and connect to the correct network. You can
think of it as the "name" of your wireless network.
Wireless Security :- Ensuring the security of your wireless network is
crucial, Cisco routers offer various security protocols like WPA (Wi-Fi
Protected Access) and WPA2 to encrypt data and protect your network
from unauthorized access.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configura on Protocol) :- DHCP is a network protocol
used to assign IP addresses and other network configuration information
to devices in a network. In the context of a wireless router, DHCP simplifies
the process of connecting devices by automatically assigning IP addresses.
Configuration :- Configuring a router involves setting up parameters such
as the router's hostname, IP addresses, subnet masks, and more. It also
includes enabling and configuring the wireless interface, setting up DHCP,
and defining security settings.
Testing and Troubleshooting :- After configuring the router, it's essential to
test the network to ensure that devices can connect and access the
internet. Troubleshooting is often required to address any issues that may
arise during the configuration process
Procedure :-
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new topology.
2. Add a wireless router and a switch to the topology.
3. Connect the wireless router to the switch using a straight-through
Ethernet cable.
4. Connect a laptop to the switch using a straight-through Ethernet cable.
5. Configure the wireless router with a basic SSID and security
6. Double-click on the wireless router icon to open the configuration
window.
7. Click on the Wireless tab
8. Enter a name for your wireless network in the SSID field.
9. Select a security mode from the Security drop-down list.
10. Enter a password for your wireless network in the Password field.
11. Click OK to save the configuration.
12. Connect the laptop to the wireless network.
13. On the laptop, open the Wi-Fi settings.
14. Select the name of your wireless network from the list of available
networks.
15. Enter the password for your wireless network.
16. Click Connect
17. Verify that the laptop is connected to the wireless network and can
access the internet.
 Experiment – 8
Aim – Connection of two different networks using router
Theory:
In computer networking, routers play a crucial role in connecting different
networks and enabling communication between them. When two
networks with different IP address schemes need to communicate, a router
can be used to route traffic between these networks. Cisco Packet Tracer is
a powerful simulation tool that helps in understanding how such
connections work.
1. Understanding the Role of a Router -
A router is a Layer 3 device that routes data between different networks.
Unlike switches, which operate within a single network segment, routers
are used to connect distinct networks. Each router interface is associated
with a unique IP address that belongs to the network segment it's
connected to.

When a device from one network (e.g., Network A) sends data to a device
in another network (e.g., Network B), the router determines the best path
for the data packet and forwards it accordingly. This process is known as
"routing."

2. Network Segments -

For this exercise, assume we have two different networks:

● Network A: 192.168.1.0/24
● Network B: 192.168.2.0/24

These two networks need to be connected so that devices in Network A

can communicate with devices in Network B.

3. IP Addressing Scheme -

Each device in Network A will have an IP address in the 192.168.1.0/24

range, while each device in Network B will have an IP address in the
192.168.2.0/24 range. The router will need to be configured with two
interfaces, each assigned an IP address from the respective network.

● Router Interface for Network A:

IP Address: 192.168.1.1 (Gateway for Network A)
● Router Interface for Network B:
IP Address: 192.168.2.1 (Gateway for Network B)

4. Cisco Packet Tracer Setup -

In Cisco Packet Tracer, you can create the following setup:

● Two networks, each with their own switch and end devices (e.g.,
PCs).
● A router with two interfaces, one connected to each network.

Steps:

1. Create Network A and Network B:

○ Add a switch to each network and connect devices (e.g., PCs) to
the switch.
○ Assign appropriate IP addresses to each PC. For Network A, use
IP addresses like 192.168.1.x, and for Network B, use addresses
like 192.168.2.x.
2. Connect the Router:
○ Drag and drop a router onto the workspace in Cisco Packet
Tracer.
○ Add two GigabitEthernet interfaces to the router (e.g.,
GigabitEthernet0/0 and GigabitEthernet0/1).
○ Connect one router interface to the switch in Network A and
the other to the switch in Network B using appropriate cables
(e.g., copper straight-through cables).
3. Configure Router Interfaces:
○ Assign IP addresses to each router interface:
■ FastEthernet0/0: 192.168.1.1 (for Network A)
 ■ FastEthernet0/1: 192.168.2.1 (for Network B)
○ Enable the interfaces using the no shutdown command in the
router configuration.
4. Configure End Devices (PCs):
○ Assign the default gateway for each PC to the corresponding
router interface. For example, PCs in Network A will have the
default gateway 192.168.1.1, and PCs in Network B will have
192.168.2.1.
5. Routing Between Networks

Once the router interfaces are properly configured and the end
devices have the correct default gateways, the router can route
traffic between the two networks. When a device in Network A
attempts to communicate with a device in Network B, the following
occurs:

● The device in Network A sends the packet to its default

gateway (the router interface 192.168.1.1).
● The router examines the destination IP address, determines
that the packet is meant for Network B, and forwards it out of
its interface connected to Network B (192.168.2.1).
● The packet arrives at the destination device in Network B.
6. Testing the Configuration

To verify that the networks are correctly connected:

● Use the ping command from a PC in Network A to ping a PC in

Network B.
● If configured correctly, the ping should succeed, indicating that
the two networks are successfully communicating through the
router.