Sample Test 3A

You do not need to justify your reasoning for questions on this page.
1. (8 points) Indicate true if the statement is true, otherwise, indicate false.

true false

a) If A is non-singular, then An must be non-singular, for any integer n > 1.

b) If A ∈ R2×2 has complex eigenvalues λ1 and λ2 , then |λ1 | = |λ2 |.

c) Matrices with the same eigenvalues are similar matrices.

d) If A is a diagonalizable n × n matrix, then rank(A) = n.

e) The steady state of a stochastic matrix is unique.

f) If A is invertible and diagonalizable, then A−1 is diagonalizable.

g) The geometric multiplicity of an eigenvalue λ can be zero.

h) A 5 × 5 matrix A with rank 3 has an eigenvalue λ = 0.

2. (5 points) Fill in the blanks.

(a) Suppose A is a real 4 × 4 matrix with eigenvalues 3, 4, and −6i. What is the fourth
eigenvalue?
(b) An n × n matrix A satisfies A2 + A = 6In . What are the possible eigenvalues of A?

!
(c) A is a 2×2 rotation-dilation matrix whose eigenvalues are ±2i. What is A20 ? .

(d) 2 × 2 matrix A has columns ~a1 , ~a2 , so that A = (~a1 ~a2 ). If det(A) = 3, and matrix
B = (~a2 2~a1 ), then det(B) =
(e) ~v1 , ~v2 are eigenvectors of an 3 × 3 matrix A that correspond to eigenvalues λ1 and λ2 .
   
1 5
1
~v1 =  8  , ~v2 =  0  , λ1 = 1, λ2 =
10
0 2

Vector p~ is such that p~ = ~v1 − 13~v2 . What does Ak p~ tend to as k → ∞?

Sample Test 3A

You do not need to justify your reasoning for questions on this page.

3. (3 points) If possible, give an example of a matrix that has the following properties. If it is
not possible to do so, write ‘not possible’.
 
2 0
(a) A matrix, B, such that B is similar to A = , and B 6= A.
0 1

(b) A 2 × 2 non-zero matrix, A, that is diagonalizable, but A~x = ~b does not have a solution
for all ~b ∈ R2 .

(c) A 2 × 2 matrix whoseeigenvalues

 areλ1 = 2 and λ2 = 0, and whose corresponding
1 1
eigenvectors are ~v1 = , ~v2 = .
0 1
Sample Test 3A

4. (3 points) Consider the Markov chain below.

0.2 0.2

0.8 A B 0.2 C 0.4

0.6 0.6

(a) Identify the transition matrix, P , for this Markov Chain.

(b) Calculate the steady state for the Markov chain.

Sample Test 3A

5. (3 points) Construct a basis for the eigenspace of A associated with the eigenvalue λ = 3.
Show your work.  
5 −1 2
A= 2 2
 2
2 −1 5

a b c
6. (3 points) Suppose the determinant 1 2 3 = 5, where a, b and c are real numbers. What
4 5 6
is the determinant below equal to? Show your work.

1 2 3
2a 2b 2c
5 7 9
 Sample Test 3B

You do not need to justify your reasoning for questions on this page.

1. (6 points) Indicate true if the statement is true, otherwise, indicate false.

true false

a) Every elementary matrix is diagonalizable.

b) If an n × n matrix has n distinct eigenvalues, then the matrix is diago-
nalizable.
c) E and A are n × n matrices, and E is an elementary matrix that adds
a multiple of a row to another. A and the product EA have the same
eigenvalues.
 
x −y
d) The eigenvalues of A = are λ = x ± iy.
y x
e) If an eigenvalue of n × n matrix A is λ = 1, then the dimension of
Null(A − I) is n − 1.
f) If A is n × n, and there exists a ~b ∈ Rn such that A~x = ~b is inconsistent,
then det(A) = 0.

2. (4 points) Indicate whether the situations are possible or impossible.

possible impossible

A is N × N , singular, and does not have N distinct eigen-

values. A is diagonalizable.

A is a 2 × 2 singular matrix with an eigenvalue equal to 2 + i.

E is a n × n elementary matrix whose determinant is equal

to 1.

A is a regular stochastic matrix that has an entry that is equal

to zero.
Sample Test 3B

You do not need to justify your reasoning for questions on this page.

3. (2 points) If possible, give an example of a matrix that has the following properties. If it is
not possible to do so, write ‘not possible’.
(a) A 2 × 2 rotation-dilation matrix, A, whose characteristic polynomial is λ2 + 1.
 
A=

(b) A Google Matrix, G, for the set of web pages that link to each other according to the
diagram below. Use a damping factor of p = 0.85. You may leave your answer as a
sum of two matrices.
A B C

4. (6 points) Fill in the blanks.

   
1 3 2
(a) The steady-state vector of the matrix P = 4
is ~q = .
1 2
   
4 1 4 1 1
3 4 7 2  2 , the eigenvalue associated with ~v is:
  
(b) If A = 
2 and ~
v = −1 .
4 12 3 
6 1 8 6 0
   
0 4 zT
(c) If B is a 2 × 2 matrix, z = , and A = , an eigenvalue of A is .
0 z B
(d) The linear transformation ~x → A~x consists of a rotation
! and a scaling. The eigenvalues
of A are λ = ±3i. Matrix A is equal to .

(e) The determinant of the matrix below is: .

 
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
A=
1

2 3 4
1 2 3 4
   
a b 2c 2d
(f) If A = and det B = = 5, then det A = .
c d a−c b−d
Sample Test 3B

You do not need to justify your reasoning for questions on this page.
 
  −1 0 0
a b
5. (2 points) If the determinant = 3, compute the value of  2a 2b 0  . Show
1 0
0 0 5
your work.

   
4 0
6. (2 points) S is the parallelogram determined by ~v1 = , and ~v2 = . If A =
  −2 1
2 3
, what is the area of the image of S under the map ~x 7→ A~x? Show your work.
2 2
Sample Test 3B
 
0 1 −1
7. (3 points) A has only two distinct eigenvalues, 0 and 1. A =  1 0 1 .
1 −1 2
(a) Construct the eigenbasis for eigenvalue λ = 0. Show your work.

(b) Construct the eigenbasis for eigenvalue λ = 1. Show your work.

(c) If possible, construct real matrices P and D such that A = P DP −1 , where D is a

diagonal matrix.
 Sample Test 3C

You do not need to justify your reasoning for questions on this page.

1. (6 points) Indicate whether the statements are true or false by filling in the appropriate
circles.
true false

i) The Google matrix for any web with at least two pages is always regular
stochastic when the damping factor, p, is equal to 0.85.

ii) If A is a real n × n matrix and n is odd, then at least one of the

eigenvalues of A is real.

iii) Suppose A is a 6 × 6 matrix that has exactly 2 distinct eigenvalues. If

both of them have geometric multiplicity 3, then A can be diagonalized.

iv) If λ = 0 is an eigenvalue of A, then the matrix A is non-singular.

v) If A and B are invertible n × n matrices, then the product AB is also

invertible.

vi) If det(A) = 4 and A is a 2 × 2 matrix, then det(2A) = 8.

2. (3 points) Indicate whether the following situations are possible or impossible by filling in
the appropriate circle.

possible impossible

i) A is a 3 × 3 matrix with an eigenvalue λ whose geometric

multiplicity is 3.

ii) P is a 3 × 3 stochastic matrix that does not have an eigen-

value equal to 1.

iii) Matrix U is an echelon form of square matrix A, A 6= U ,

but det(U ) = det(A).
Sample Test 3C

You do not need to justify your reasoning for questions on this page.

3. (3 points) If possible, write down an example of a matrix or vector with the following prop-
erties. If it is not possible to do so, write not possible in the matrix. You do not need to
show your work for this question.
(a) A 2 × 2 upper triangular matrix, A, that cannot be diagonalized. A has eigenvalues
λ1 = 12 and λ2 = 17.
 

A=
 


(b) A 2 × 2 matrix with eigenvalues 0 and 1, that is the standard matrix for an onto
transform.
 

A=
 


(c) An upper triangular matrix A ∈ R3×3 with eigenvalues 3, −2 and −2i

 

A=
 


4. (5 points) Fill in the blanks.

 
2 0
(a) List all values of k ∈ R so that A = is diagonalizable.
k 2
(b) If A is a 3×3 matrix with eigenvalues λ = 1 and λ = 3+5i, what is the other eigenvalue
of A equal to? .
(c) A ∈ R4×4 has exactly three distinct eigenvalues λ1 , λ2 , λ3 and all of them are real. The
algebraic multiplicity of λ1 is 1, and the algebraic multiplicity of λ2 is 1.
(i) What is the algebraic multiplicity of λ3 ?

(ii) If A is diagonalizable, what is the geometric multiplicity of λ3 ?

Sample Test 3C
 
1 1 −1
5. (4 points) A has only two distinct eigenvalues, λ1 = 1 and λ2 = 2. A =  1 1 1 .
1 −1 3
(a) Construct the eigenbasis for eigenvalue λ1 = 1. Show your work.

(b) Construct the eigenbasis for eigenvalue λ2 = 2. Show your work.

(c) If possible, construct real matrices P and D such that AP = P D. You do not need to
compute P −1 .
   

P = , D=
   

Sample Test 3C
 
5 −2
6. (4 points) Suppose A = .
1 3
(a) Determine the eigenvalues of A. Show your work.

(b) Determine the eigenvectors of A. Show your work.

 Sample Test 3D

You do not need to justify your reasoning for questions on this page.

1. (5 points) Indicate true if the statement is true, otherwise, indicate false.

true false

i) If A is a real n × n matrix and has eigenvector ~x, then 2~x is also

an eigenvector of A.

ii) Any square matrix that is similar to the identity matrix must be
equal to the identity matrix.

iii) Swapping the rows of A does not change the value of det(A).

iv) The steady-state of the Google matrix for any web with at least
two pages is unique when the damping factor, p, is equal to 0.85.

v) If A is square and row equivalent to an identity matrix, then

det(A) 6= 0.

2. (2 points) If possible, give an example of a matrix that has the following properties. If it is
not possible to do so, write ‘not possible’.
(a) A 2 × 2 singular matrix with only real entries that is diagonalizable and in RREF.

(b) A 4×4 stochastic matrix, P , such that the Markov Chain xk+1 = P xk for k = 0, 1, 2, . . .,
does not have a unique steady-state.
 

P =
 

Sample Test 3D

3. (8 points) Fill in the blanks.

 
1 1 1
(a) Matrix A =  2 2 2  has eigenvalue λ = 0, with geometric multiplicity .
3 3 3
(b) If the eigenvalues of a 2 × 2 matrix A are -2 and 0, then det(A) is equal to .
(c) If ~x is an eigenvector of an invertible matrix A with eigenvalue λ = 3, what is the
associated eigenvalue of A−1 associated to the eigenvector ~x?

(d) If A~x = ~0 has non-trivial solutions and A is 3 × 3, what is det(A) equal to?
(e) Let A, B be n × n matrices with detA = −2, detB = 3. Calculate the value of the
determinant of (AT B −1 )3 .
(f) TA = A~x, where A ∈ R2×2 , is a linear transformation that first rotates vectors in R2
counterclockwise by π/2 radians about the origin, then reflects them across the x-axis.
What is the value of detA?
(g) The transformation ~x → A~x is a composition of a counterclockwise rotation and a
4 −4
scaling, where A = .
4 4
(i) What is the angle of rotation?

(ii) What is the scale factor?

Sample Test 3D

You do not need to justify your reasoning for questions on this page.

4. (2 points) A 2 × 2 matrix A has eigenvalues λ1 = 1 and λ2 = 2, with eigenvectors and

eigenspaces indicated in the picture. Draw A~x and A~y .

λ1 -eigenspace

~y
~v2 ~v1

~x

λ2 -eigenspace
Sample Test 3D

5. (4 points) Suppose there are three cities, X, Y, and Z. Every year, people move between the
cities, according to the diagram below.

Y 0.6 .
0.4
0.2

0.6 X 0.2 Z 0.6

0.4
(a) State the transition matrix, P .

(b) Use your transition matrix from to calculate the steady-state probability vector, ~q. Show
your work.

(c) If the total population among the three cities is k, what is the population of city X after
a long period of time?
Sample Test 3D
 
1 5
6. (4 points) Consider the 2 × 2 matrix A = .
−2 3
(a) Calculate the eigenvalues of A.

(b) If possible, construct real 2 × 2 matrices P and C such that A = P CP −1 .