PRACTICAL 1

Practical 1 - Perform the analysis for the following

1A. Import the data warehouse data in Microsoft Excel and

create the Pivot table and Pivot Chart.

Step 1: Import Data from a Data Warehouse into Excel

1. Open Excel
o Launch Microsoft Excel.
2. Go to Data Tab
o Click on "Get Data" > "From Other Sources" >
"From SQL Server Database" (or any other relevant
source).
3. Enter Server Details
o In the "SQL Server database" window:
▪ Enter the Server Name.
▪ Enter the Database Name (optional).
▪ Click OK.
4. Select the Data to Import
o Choose the tables or views that you need from the data
warehouse.
o Click Load to import the data into Excel.

Step 2: Create a Pivot Table

1. Select the Imported Data
 o Click anywhere inside the imported data.
2. Go to Insert Tab
o Click on "PivotTable".
3. Choose Pivot Table Options
o In the "Create PivotTable" window:
▪ Ensure the correct table/range is selected.
▪ Choose where to place the PivotTable (New or
Existing Worksheet).
▪ Click OK.
4. Design the Pivot Table
o Drag and drop fields into the:
▪ Rows area (e.g., Categories, Regions).
▪ Columns area (e.g., Time Periods).
▪ Values area (e.g., Sales, Revenue).
▪ Filters area (optional).

Step 3: Create a Pivot Chart

1. Click on the Pivot Table
o Go to Insert Tab > PivotChart.
2. Select Chart Type
o Choose a chart type (e.g., Column, Line, Pie, Bar).
o Click OK.
3. Customize the Chart
o Add labels, titles, and format the chart as needed.
Step 4: Refresh Data (If Needed)
• If the data in the warehouse updates, right-click on the Pivot
Table and select "Refresh" to get the latest data.
1B. Import the cube in Microsoft Excel and create the Pivot
table and Pivot Chart to perform data analysis.

Step 1: Connect to an OLAP Cube in Excel

1. Open Microsoft Excel
o Launch Excel on your computer.
2. Go to the Data Tab
o Click on "Get Data" (Power Query) > "From
Database" > "From Analysis Services" (Microsoft’s
OLAP server).
3. Enter Connection Details
o In the "Data Connection Wizard":
▪ Enter the Server Name where the OLAP cube is
hosted.
▪ Click Next.
4. Select the OLAP Cube
o Choose the appropriate database and cube from the list.
o Click Next and then Finish.
5. Import Data into a PivotTable
o Choose "PivotTable Report" when prompted.
o Click OK to place the PivotTable in a new worksheet.

Step 2: Create a PivotTable for Analysis

1. Define Data Fields
o In the PivotTable Fields Pane, drag and drop fields
into the respective areas:
 ▪ Rows (e.g., Product Category, Region).
▪ Columns (e.g., Year, Quarter).
▪ Values (e.g., Sales Amount, Profit).
▪ Filters (Optional, e.g., Country, Time Period).
2. Summarize & Analyze Data
o Apply filters, sort, and group data as needed.
o Use calculated fields to derive additional insights.

Step 3: Create a PivotChart for Visualization

1. Click on the PivotTable
o Go to the Insert Tab > Click PivotChart.
2. Select Chart Type
o Choose a suitable chart (e.g., Column, Line, Pie, Bar).
o Click OK.
3. Customize the Chart
o Add titles, labels, and format colors.
o Apply slicers for interactive filtering.

Step 4: Refresh Data for Real-Time Analysis

• If the OLAP cube updates, right-click on the PivotTable and
select "Refresh" to pull the latest data.
 PRACTICAL 2
Practical 2 - Apply the what – if Analysis for data visualization.
Design and generate necessary reports based on the data
warehouse data. Use Excel.

Step 1: Import Data Warehouse Data into Excel

1. Open Excel
2. Go to the Data Tab
o Click "Get Data" > "From Other Sources" > "From
SQL Server Database" (or any relevant source).
3. Enter Connection Details
o Provide Server Name and Database Name, then click
OK.
4. Load Data
o Select required tables/views and click Load.
Step 2: Create PivotTables and PivotCharts
1. Insert a PivotTable
o Click anywhere inside the data.
o Go to Insert Tab > Click PivotTable.
o Choose a worksheet and click OK.
o Drag and drop fields into Rows, Columns, Values, and
Filters.
2. Create a PivotChart
o Select the PivotTable.
o Go to Insert Tab > Click PivotChart.
o Choose an appropriate chart type (Bar, Line, Pie).
 o Format the chart for better visualization.
Step 3: Apply What-If Analysis
1. Scenario Manager (Best, Worst, and Expected Case Analysis)
• Go to Data Tab > Click What-If Analysis > Select Scenario
Manager.
• Click Add and define different scenarios (e.g., Sales Increase,
Revenue Drop).
• Enter different values for key inputs like Sales Growth,
Costs, Profit Margins.
• Click OK and Show to compare scenarios.
2. Goal Seek (Find the Required Input for a Target Value)
• Go to Data Tab > Click What-If Analysis > Select Goal
Seek.
• Set a target value for Revenue or Profit and change Sales
Growth or Price to achieve it.
• Click OK to get the results.
3. Data Tables (Analyze Multiple Inputs)
• Select a table range with different Price, Sales, and Profit.
• Go to Data Tab > Click What-If Analysis > Select Data
Table.
• Define Row Input Cell and Column Input Cell for changing
values.
• Click OK to see the impact.
Step 4: Generate Reports Based on Analysis
• Summary Report
o From Scenario Manager, click Summary to generate a
comparison report.
• Charts for Visualization
o Use PivotCharts and Conditional Formatting to
highlight insights.
• Dashboard Creation
o Combine PivotTables, Charts, and Slicers for an
interactive dashboard.
 PRACTICAL 3
Practical 3 - Perform the data classification using classification
algorithm using R/Python

Code:
pip install pandas numpy scikit-learn matplotlib seaborn
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, classification_report,
confusion_matrix
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

# Load the dataset

iris = load_iris()
df = pd.DataFrame(iris.data, columns=iris.feature_names)
df['target'] = iris.target # Adding target labels

# Display first five rows

print(df.head())
# Splitting data into features (X) and target (y)
X = df.drop('target', axis=1) # Features
y = df['target'] # Target labels

# Splitting into training and testing sets (80% training, 20%

testing)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y,
test_size=0.2, random_state=42)

# Standardizing the data (important for some classifiers)

scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)
# Initialize the model
model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100,
random_state=42)

# Train the model

model.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Make predictions
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
# Calculate accuracy
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy:.2f}")

# Classification report
print("Classification Report:\n", classification_report(y_test,
y_pred))

# Confusion matrix
conf_matrix = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred)
sns.heatmap(conf_matrix, annot=True, cmap="Blues", fmt="d")
plt.xlabel("Predicted")
plt.ylabel("Actual")
plt.title("Confusion Matrix")
plt.show()
 PRACTICAL 4
Practical 4 - Perform the data clustering using clustering
algorithm using R/Python.

Code:
pip install pandas numpy scikit-learn matplotlib seaborn
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
# Generate sample data with 3 clusters
X, y = make_blobs(n_samples=300, centers=3, random_state=42,
cluster_std=1.0)

# Convert to DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(X, columns=['Feature1', 'Feature2'])

# Display first five rows

print(df.head())
# Standardize the data (important for distance-based clustering)
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X)
# Define the number of clusters
k=3

# Train K-Means model

kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=k, random_state=42)
df['Cluster'] = kmeans.fit_predict(X_scaled)

# Cluster centers
centers = kmeans.cluster_centers_
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))

# Scatter plot of clusters

sns.scatterplot(x=df['Feature1'], y=df['Feature2'],
hue=df['Cluster'], palette='viridis', s=50)

# Plot cluster centers

plt.scatter(centers[:, 0], centers[:, 1], c='red', marker='X', s=200,
label='Centroids')

plt.xlabel('Feature 1')
plt.ylabel('Feature 2')
plt.title('K-Means Clustering Visualization')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
inertia = []
K_range = range(1, 10)

for k in K_range:
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=k, random_state=42)
kmeans.fit(X_scaled)
inertia.append(kmeans.inertia_)

# Plot the elbow curve

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
plt.plot(K_range, inertia, marker='o', linestyle='--')
plt.xlabel('Number of Clusters')
plt.ylabel('Inertia')
plt.title('Elbow Method for Optimal k')
plt.show()
 PRACTICAL 5
Practical 5 - Perform the Linear regression on the given data
warehouse data using R/Python.

Code:
plot (var_1, var_2,
col="color for the points",
main="title of our graph",
abline(relation_between_the_variables),
cex = size of the point,
pch = style of the point (from 0-25),
xlab = "label for x axis",
ylab = "label for y axis")
#x - represents height (in cms)
#y - represents weight (in kg)
x <- c(151, 174, 138, 186, 128, 136, 179, 163, 152, 131)
y <- c(63, 81, 56, 91, 47, 57, 76, 72, 62, 48)
#perform a linear regression where we specify the dependent and
the independent variable in the following manner:
#Syntax: lm(dependent_var ~ independent_var)
#in our case y is dependent and x is independent
relation <- lm(y ~ x)
#predicting the weight i.e. (y) from a given value of the height i.e.
(x) = 170 ; create a new data frame of the value
a <- data.frame(x=170)
#to find the result of our prediction we use the predict function
with the relation and the dataframe
#Syntax: predict(relation,data.frame)
result <- predict(relation,a)
print(result)
#plotting the data on a graph
#Syntax: plot(var_1,var_2,col = "point_color", main="title" ,
abline("relation_between_lines"),cex = point_size , pch =
shape_of_point , xlab = "label for x axis" , ylab = "label for y
axis")
plot(x, y,
col = "blue",
main = "Height and Weight Regression",
abline(lm(y ~ x)),
cex = 1.3,
pch = 16,
xlab = "Height in cm",
ylab = "Weight in kg")
#pch symbols image-link (in desc)
https://r-charts.com/en/tags/base-r/pch-symbols_files/figure-
html/pch-symbols.png
 PRACTICAL 6
Practical 6 - Perform the logistic regression on the given data
warehouse data using R/Python.

Code:
pip install pandas numpy scikit-learn matplotlib seaborn
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, classification_report,
confusion_matrix
# Simulated dataset
data = {
"Age": [25, 45, 35, 50, 23, 40, 30, 60, 27, 55],
"Income": [30000, 80000, 50000, 90000, 25000, 70000, 45000,
100000, 32000, 85000],
"Purchased": [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1] # Target variable (1 =
Purchased, 0 = Not Purchased)
}
# Convert to DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# Display first five rows
print(df.head())
# Define independent (X) and dependent (y) variables
X = df[['Age', 'Income']] # Features
y = df['Purchased'] # Target variable
# Split data into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y,
test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
# Standardize the data (important for Logistic Regression)
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)
# Initialize and train the model
model = LogisticRegression()
model.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Get predictions
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
# Model performance metrics
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy:.2f}")

# Classification report
print("Classification Report:\n", classification_report(y_test,
y_pred))
# Confusion matrix
conf_matrix = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred)
sns.heatmap(conf_matrix, annot=True, cmap="Blues", fmt="d")
plt.xlabel("Predicted")
plt.ylabel("Actual")
plt.title("Confusion Matrix")
plt.show()
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap

# Generate mesh grid

X_set, y_set = X_train, y_train
X1, X2 = np.meshgrid(np.arange(start=X_set[:, 0].min() - 1,
stop=X_set[:, 0].max() + 1, step=0.1),
np.arange(start=X_set[:, 1].min() - 1, stop=X_set[:,
1].max() + 1, step=1000))
# Plot decision boundary
plt.contourf(X1, X2, model.predict(np.array([X1.ravel(),
X2.ravel()]).T).reshape(X1.shape),
alpha=0.3, cmap=ListedColormap(('red', 'green')))

# Scatter plot of training data

for i, j in enumerate(np.unique(y_set)):
plt.scatter(X_set[y_set == j, 0], X_set[y_set == j, 1],
c=ListedColormap(('red', 'green'))(i), label=j)
plt.xlabel('Age')
plt.ylabel('Income')
plt.title('Logistic Regression Decision Boundary')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
 PRACTICAL 7
Practical 7 - Write a Python program to read data from a CSV
file, perform simple data analysis, and generate basic insights.
(Use Pandas is a Python library).

pip install pandas numpy matplotlib seaborn

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# Read Data from CSV File

file_path = "data.csv" # Replace with your CSV file path
df = pd.read_csv(file_path)

# Display Basic Information

print("\n First 5 Rows of Dataset:")
print(df.head())

print("\n Summary Statistics:")

print(df.describe())

print("\n Data Types and Missing Values:")

print(df.info())
# Handling Missing Values
missing_values = df.isnull().sum()
print("\n Missing Values Count:")
print(missing_values[missing_values > 0])

# Fill missing values with mean (if numerical)

df.fillna(df.mean(), inplace=True)

# Perform Basic Analysis

print("\n Column-Wise Unique Values Count:")
print(df.nunique())

# Generate Basic Insights

print("\n Correlation Matrix:")
print(df.corr())

# Data Visualization
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
sns.heatmap(df.corr(), annot=True, cmap="coolwarm",
linewidths=0.5)
plt.title("Correlation Heatmap")
plt.show()

# Histogram for Numeric Columns

df.hist(figsize=(10, 8), bins=20, color='skyblue', edgecolor='black')
plt.suptitle("Histogram of Numeric Variables")
plt.show()

# Save Cleaned Data to a New CSV

df.to_csv("cleaned_data.csv", index=False)
print("\n Data Cleaning Completed. Saved as
'cleaned_data.csv'")
 PRACTICAL 8
Practical 8 - Perform data visualization
8A. Perform data visualization using Python on any sales data.

Code:
pip install pandas numpy matplotlib seaborn
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
# Sample Sales Data
data = {
"Date": pd.date_range(start="2023-01-01", periods=12,
freq='M'),
"Sales": [5000, 7000, 8000, 6500, 7200, 9000, 11000, 10500,
9500, 9800, 12000, 13000],
"Profit": [800, 1200, 1500, 1000, 1300, 1700, 2200, 2100, 1900,
2000, 2500, 2700],
"Category": ["Electronics", "Clothing", "Electronics",
"Furniture", "Clothing", "Electronics",
"Furniture", "Clothing", "Electronics", "Furniture",
"Clothing", "Electronics"]
}

# Convert to DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# Display first five rows
print(df.head())
1. Line Chart - Monthly Sales Trend
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
plt.plot(df["Date"], df["Sales"], marker='o', linestyle='-',
color='blue', label="Sales")
plt.xlabel("Month")
plt.ylabel("Sales ($)")
plt.title("Monthly Sales Trend")
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

2. Bar Chart - Sales by Category

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))
sns.barplot(x=df["Category"], y=df["Sales"], palette="viridis")
plt.xlabel("Product Category")
plt.ylabel("Sales ($)")
plt.title("Sales by Product Category")
plt.show()

3.Scatter Plot - Sales vs. Profit

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))
sns.scatterplot(x=df["Sales"], y=df["Profit"], hue=df["Category"],
palette="deep", s=100)
plt.xlabel("Sales ($)")
plt.ylabel("Profit ($)")
plt.title("Sales vs. Profit")
plt.show()

4. Pie Chart - Sales Contribution by Category

plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7))
df.groupby("Category")["Sales"].sum().plot.pie(autopct='%1.1f%%
', colors=["skyblue", "lightcoral", "gold"], startangle=90)
plt.title("Sales Contribution by Category")
plt.ylabel("")
plt.show()
8B. Perform data visualization using PowerBI on any sales data.

Step 1: Prepare the Sales Data

Use an Excel or CSV file with the following sales data structure:
Date Sales Profit Category Region Customer_Type
01-01-2023 5000 800 Electronics East Retail
01-02-2023 7000 1200 Clothing West Wholesale
01-03-2023 8000 1500 Electronics North Retail
01-04-2023 6500 1000 Furniture South Wholesale
... ... ... ... ... ...
Save this as SalesData.xlsx or SalesData.csv

Step 2: Load Data into Power BI

1. Open Power BI Desktop.
2. Click on "Get Data" → "Excel" or "CSV"
3. Select your SalesData.xlsx or SalesData.csv file and click
Load
4. The data will appear in the Data Model

Step 3: Create Visualizations

1. Line Chart - Monthly Sales Trend
• Go to Visualizations Pane
• Select Line Chart
• Drag "Date" to X-axis
 • Drag "Sales" to Y-axis
• Format the chart (title, labels, colors)
Insight: Shows how sales change over time

2. Bar Chart - Sales by Category

• Select Clustered Bar Chart
• Drag "Category" to X-axis
• Drag "Sales" to Y-axis
• Sort by descending order
Insight: Identifies the best-selling categories

3. Scatter Chart - Sales vs. Profit

• Select Scatter Chart
• Drag "Sales" to X-axis and "Profit" to Y-axis
• Drag "Category" to the Legend field
Insight: Shows the relationship between Sales and Profit

4. Pie Chart - Sales by Region

• Select Pie Chart
• Drag "Region" to Legend
• Drag "Sales" to Values
Insight: Displays regional sales contribution

5.KPI Card - Total Sales

 • Select Card Visual
• Drag "Sales" to Values
• Format to show currency (e.g., $)
Insight: Highlights the total sales revenue

Step 4: Create Interactive Dashboards

Use Slicers for filtering by Region, Category, or Customer Type
Add Tooltips to show detailed insights
Apply Conditional Formatting to highlight trends

Step 5: Publish and Share

1. Click File → Publish → Power BI Service
2. Share the dashboard link with your team