EXPERIMENT NO.

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

TO FIND THE VOLUME OF MATERIAL OF A HOLLOW CYLINDER BY USING

SLIDE CALIPERS

Apparatus:
1. A slide calipers
2. A hollow cylinder

THEORY

The volume of hollow cylinder is:

𝜋 2
𝑉= (𝐷 𝐻 − 𝑑 2 ℎ)
4

where D is the external diameter, H is the external height, d is the internal diameter and h
is the internal height of the hollow cylinder.

The smallest measurement that can be done by a slide calipers instrument is known as its
Vernier count.
 Experimental Data:
Estimation of Vernier constant:
1 main scale reading =
…………..,,. Vernier count = …………… main scale count.
Vernier Constant
no. of main scale divisions
(VC) = (1 − ) (1 main scale reading)
no. of vernier divisions

= …………………….unit

Instrumental Error =

1. Table for determination of external diameter ( D )

No. Main scale Ver. Vernier Total Error

(cm) Mean D
Obs. reading Div. scale (cm) Correct D (cm)
(cm) reading (cm)
(cm)

2. Table for determination of internal diameter ( d )

No. Main scale Ver. Vernier Total Error

(cm) Mean d
Obs. reading Div. scale (cm) Correct d (cm)
(cm) reading (cm)
(cm)
 3. Table for determination of external height ( H )

No Main scale Ver. Div. Vernier Total Error Correct H Mean H

(cm) in cm (cm)
obs. reading scale (cm)
(cm) reading
(cm)

4. Table for determination of internal height ( h )

No Main scale Ver. Div. Vernier Total Error Correct h Mean h

(cm) in cm (cm)
obs. reading scale (cm)
(cm) reading
(cm)

CALCULATION

It was found from the tables that

The external diameter D = ……….. cm , external height H = ………………cm.

the Internal diameter d =…………... cm and the internal height h =

............................………..cm

𝜋
Therefore, 𝑉 = (𝐷2 𝐻 − 𝑑 2 ℎ) = ………………….
4

CONCLUSION

Hence the volume of the given hollow cylinder is ….. cm³

Precautions & Discussions:

 EXPERIMENT -II
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

(a) To find the thickness of a glass plate and (b) to measure the radius of curvature of a
convex lens by using spherometer.

APPARATUS
1. A Spherometer
2. A glass plate
3. A convex lens

THEORY
The radius of curvature of watch-glass
d2 𝑙
R= +
6h 2
Where d is the distance between the legs of spherometer and l is the external height of the
watch-glass.

Pitch: It is the linear distance travelled by the Screw head when the circular scale of the
spherometer completes one rotation. The pitch of the Spherometer is found to be …………
cm

Least count: The smallest measurement that can be done by an instrument is known as its
least count.

Least count = Pitch/No. of Cir. Div. = …………. cm

Experimental Data:
1) Table for determination of l

No Initial Screw touches glass plate Circular Total in Mean l in

obs circular No of Final Extra scale cm cm
coincid complete circular circular reading
ence rotation coincidence division in cm

2) Table for measurement d

𝑑1in cm 𝑑2 in cm 𝑑3 in cm 𝑑1+𝑑2+𝑑3 Mean d in

𝑑= cm
3
In cm

Calculation:
It was observed that the mean h = ................. cm
and the mean d =. ......... cm

d2 𝑙
Radius of curvature R = +
6h 2
= ……………..cm .

CONCLUSION
The radius of curvature of the watch glass was .................................... cm.

Precautions & Discussions:

 EXPERIMENT NO-III
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

To find the diameter of a rod and a wire with the help of screw gauge and determine the ratio
of the area of their cross-section.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Screw gauge
2. The sample wire
3. The sample rod

THEORY
The cross-sectional area of a circular piece of a given sample is
𝜋
𝐴 = 𝑑2
4
Where d is the diameter of the sample.

Since, the diameter of rod is D and the diameter of wire is d the ratio of their area
𝐀 𝐃𝟐
of cross section =
𝐀′ 𝐝𝟐

Pitch of Screw gauge: It is the distance travelled by the screw head when the circular
scale completes one rotation and it was observed that the pitch of the screw gauge =
…….cm

Least count: The smallest measurement that can be done by screw gauge is known as its
least count.
𝑃𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ ……………
Least count = 𝐿𝐶 = 𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑖𝑣. = =…………….
……………
Initial Error:

Experimental Data:
1. Table for determination of diameter of wire ( d )
No. Linear Scale Circular Circular scale Total Mean Error Corrected
in cm
obs. Reading coincidence reading Reading Reading
m n p = (n x LC) (cm)
in cm
2. Table for determination of diameter of rod (D)
No. Linear Scale Circular Circular scale Total Mean Error Corrected
in cm
obs. Reading coincidence reading Reading Reading
m n p = (n x LC) (cm)
in cm

CALCULATION

It was observed that the diameter of the given wire d = …..… cm

And the diameter of the given rod D = ………cm

The ratio of the cross section area of the given rod to wire

𝐀 𝐃𝟐
= = ……….
𝐀′ 𝐝𝟐

CONCLUSION

Precautions & Discussions: