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 ISA-IEC-62443 actual exam dumps, ISA ISA-IEC-62443 practice test
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Exam : ISA-IEC-62443

Title : ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity

Fundamentals Specialist

Vendor : ISA

Version : DEMO

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NO.1 Which steps are part of implementing countermeasures?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
A. Establish the risk tolerance and select common countermeasures.
B. Establish the risk tolerance and update the business continuity plan.
C. Select common countermeasures and update the business continuity plan.
D. Select common countermeasures and collaborate with stakeholders.
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to the ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 standard, implementing countermeasures is one of the steps in
the security risk assessment for system design. The standard defines a comprehensive set of
engineering measures to guide organizations through the process of assessing the risk of a particular
industrial automation and control system (IACS) and identifying and applying security
countermeasures to reduce that risk to tolerable levels. The standard recommends the following
steps for implementing countermeasures:
* Establish the risk tolerance: This step involves determining the acceptable level of risk for the
organization and the system under consideration, based on the business objectives, legal and
regulatory requirements, and stakeholder expectations. The risk tolerance can be expressed as a
target security level (SL-T) for each zone or conduit in the system.
* Select common countermeasures: This step involves selecting the appropriate security
countermeasures for each zone or conduit, based on the SL-T and the existing security level (SL-A) of
the system. The standard provides a list of common countermeasures for each security level,
covering the domains of physical security, network security, system security, and application security.
The selected countermeasures should be documented and justified in the security risk assessment
report. References:
ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Series Designated as IEC Horizontal Standards, Cybersecurity Risk
Assessment According to ISA/IEC 62443-3-2

NO.2 Which of the following can be employed as a barrier device in a segmented network?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
A. Router
B. Unmanaged switch
C. VPN
D. Domain controller
Answer: A
Explanation:
A router and a VPN can be employed as barrier devices in a segmented network. A barrier device is a
device that controls the flow of traffic between different network segments, based on predefined
rules and policies1. A router is a device that forwards packets between different networks, based on
their IP addresses2. A router can act as a barrier device by applying access control lists (ACLs) or
firewall rules to filter or block unwanted or malicious traffic2. A VPN is a technology that creates a
secure and encrypted tunnel between different networks, such as a remote site and a corporate
network3. A VPN can act as a barrier device by encrypting the traffic and authenticating the users or
devices that access the network3. A VPN can also prevent unauthorized access or eavesdropping by
outsiders3.
References: LAYERING NETWORK SECURITY - CISA, Router (computing) - Wikipedia, What Is Networ

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k Segmentation? - Cisco.

NO.3 Which layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model would include the use of the File
Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
A. Application layer
B. Data link layer
C. Session layer
D. Transport layer
Answer: A
Explanation:
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an application layer protocol that moves files between local and
remote file systems. It runs on top of TCP, like HTTP. To transfer a file, 2 TCP connections are used by
FTP in parallel: control connection and data connection. The control connection is used to send
commands and responses between the client and the server, while the data connection is used to
transfer the actual file. FTP is one of the standard communication protocols defined by the TCP/IP
model and it does not fit neatly into the OSI model. However, since the OSI model is a reference
model that describes the general functions of each layer, FTP can be considered as an application
layer protocol in the OSI model, as it provides user services and interfaces to the network. The
application layer is the highest layer in the OSI model and it is responsible for providing various
network services to the users, such as email, web browsing, file transfer, remote login, etc.
The application layer interacts with the presentation layer, which is responsible for data formatting,
encryption, compression, etc. The presentation layer interacts with the session layer, which is
responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating sessions between applications. The session
layer interacts with the transport layer, which is responsible for reliable end-to-end data transfer and
flow control. The transport layer interacts with the network layer, which is responsible for routing
and addressing packets across different networks. The network layer interacts with the data link
layer, which is responsible for framing, error detection, and medium access control. The data link
layer interacts with the physical layer, which is responsible for transmitting and receiving bits over
the physical medium. References:
* File Transfer Protocol (FTP) in Application Layer1
* FTP Protocol2
* What OSI layer is FTP?3

NO.4 Which of the following is an activity that should trigger a review of the CSMS?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
A. Organizational restructuring
B. New technical controls
C. Security incident exposing previously unknown risk.
D. Budgeting
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation:
According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, a review of the CSMS should be triggered by any
changes that affect the cybersecurity risk of the industrial automation and control system (IACS),
such as new technical controls, organizational restructuring, or security incidents1. Budgeting is not a

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trigger for CSMS review, unless it impacts the cybersecurity risk level or the CSMS itself2. References:
1: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010, Section 4.3.3.3 2: A Practical Approach to Adopting the IEC 62443
Standards, ISAGCA Blog3

NO.5 Which of the following is a trend that has caused a significant percentage of security
vulnerabilities?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
A. IACS developing into a network of air-gapped systems
B. IACS evolving into a number of closed proprietary systems
C. IACS using equipment designed for measurement and control
D. IACS becoming integrated with business and enterprise systems
Answer: D
Explanation:
One of the trends that has increased the security risks for industrial automation and control systems
(IACS) is the integration of these systems with business and enterprise systems, such asenterprise
resource planning (ERP), manufacturing execution systems (MES), and supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA). This integration exposes the IACS to the same threats and vulnerabilities that
affect the business and enterprise systems, such as malware, denial-of-service attacks, unauthorized
access, and data theft. Moreover, the integration also creates new attack vectors and pathways for
adversaries to compromise the IACS, such as through remote access, wireless networks, or third-
party devices. Therefore, the integration of IACS with business and enterprise systems is a trend that
has caused a significant percentage of security vulnerabilities. References: ISA/IEC 62443 Standards
to Secure Your Industrial Control System, page 1-2.

NO.6 Which of the following is the BEST example of detection-in-depth best practices?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
A. Firewalls and unexpected protocols being used
B. IDS sensors deployed within multiple zones in the production environment
C. Role-based access control and unusual data transfer patterns
D. Role-based access control and VPNs
Answer: B
Explanation:
The best practice for detection-in-depth according to ISA/IEC 62443 involves layering different types
of security controls that operate effectively under multiple scenarios and across various zones within
an environment. IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems) sensors deployed across multiple zones within a
production environment exemplify this strategy. By positioning sensors in various strategic locations,
organizations can monitor for anomalous activities and potential threats throughout their network,
thus enhancing their ability to detect and respond to incidents before they escalate. This deployment
aligns with the ISA/IEC 62443 focus on comprehensive coverage and redundancy in cybersecurity
mechanisms, contrasting with relying solely on perimeter defenses or single-point security solutions.

NO.7 Which is the PRIMARY responsibility of the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) model?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
A. Forwards packets, including routing through intermediate routers

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B. Gives transparent transfer of data between end users

C. Provides the rules for framing, converting electrical signals to data
D. Handles the physics of getting a message from one device to another
Answer: A
Explanation:
The primary responsibility of the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is
to forward packets, including routing through intermediate routers. The network layer is the third
layer from the bottom of the OSI model, and it is responsible for maintaining the quality of the data
and passing and transmitting it from its source to its destination. The network layer also assigns
logical addresses to devices, such as IP addresses, and uses various routing algorithms to determine
the best path for the packets to travel.
The network layer operates on packets, which are units of data that contain the source and
destination addresses, as well as the payload. The network layer forwards packets from one node to
another, using routers to switch packets between different networks. The network layer also handles
host-to-host delivery, which means that it ensures that the packets reach the correct destination
host.
The other choices are not correct because:
* B. Gives transparent transfer of data between end users. This is the responsibility of the transport
layer, which is the fourth layer from the bottom of the OSI model. The transport layer provides
reliable and error-free data transfer between end users, using protocols such as TCP and UDP. The
transport layer operates on segments, which are units of data that contain the source and
destination port numbers, as well as the payload. The transport layer also handles flow control,
congestion control, and multiplexing.
* C. Provides the rules for framing, converting electrical signals to data. This is the responsibility of
the data link layer, which is the second layer from the bottom of the OSI model. The data link layer
provides the means for transferring data between adjacent nodes on a network, using protocols such
as Ethernet and WiFi. The data link layer operates on frames, which are units of data that contain the
source and destination MAC addresses, as well as the payload. The data link layer also handles error
detection, error correction, and media access control.
* D. Handles the physics of getting a message from one device to another. This is the responsibility of
the physical layer, which is the lowest layer of the OSI model. The physical layer provides the means
for transmitting bits over a physical medium, such as copper wire, fiber optic cable, or radio waves.
The physical layer operates on bits, which are the smallest units of data that can be either 0 or 1. The
physical layer also handles modulation, demodulation, encoding, decoding, and synchronization.
References:
* The OSI Model - The 7 Layers of Networking Explained in Plain English1
* Network Layer in OSI Model2
* OSI model3

NO.8 Which steps are included in the ISA/IEC 62443 assess phase?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
A. Cybersecurity requirements specification and detailed cyber risk assessment
B. Cybersecurity requirements specification and allocation of IACS assets to zones and conduits
C. Detailed cyber risk assessment and cybersecurity maintenance, monitoring, and management of
change

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D. Allocation of IACS assets to zones and conduits, and detailed cyber risk assessment
Answer: B
Explanation:
The ISA/IEC 62443 standards are focused on industrial automation and control systems security. The
assess phase within the ISA/IEC 62443 framework is designed to identify and analyze potential
vulnerabilities in the industrial control system (ICS) environment. One of the key steps in this phase is
the specification of cybersecurity requirements. Additionally, it involves the allocation of industrial
automation and control system (IACS) assets to defined zones and conduits to manage and segregate
the network and improve security. These measures help to ensure that security requirements are
met and that the assets are protected according to their security needs. Therefore, the correct
answer is B, which mentions both the cybersecurity requirements specification and the allocation of
IACS assets to zones and conduits as part of the assess phase.

NO.9 Which is a role of the application layer?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
A. Includes protocols specific to network applications such as email, file transfer, and reading data
registers in a PLC
B. Includes user applications specific to network applications such as email, file transfer, and reading
data registers in a PLC
C. Provides the mechanism for opening, closing, and managing a session between end-user
application processes
D. Delivers and formats information, possibly with encryption and security
Answer: A D
Explanation:
The application layer is the topmost layer of the OSI model, which provides the interface between the
user and the network. It includes protocols specific to network applications such as email, file
transfer, and reading data registers in a PLC. These protocols deliver and format information, possibly
with encryption and security, to ensure reliable and meaningful communication between different
applications. The application layer does not include user applications, which are separate from the
network protocols. The application layer also does not provide the mechanism for opening, closing,
and managing a session between end-user application processes, which is the function of the session
layer. References:
* ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Study Guide, page 181
* Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Control System, page 82 The application layer in
network protocols, such as in the OSI model or the TCP/IP protocol suite, is primarily responsible for
providing services directly to user applications. This layer is involved in:
* Option A: Including protocols specific to network applications such as email, file transfer, and
industrial protocols like reading data registers in a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). This is a core
function of the application layer as it facilitates specific high-level networking capabilities.
* Option D: Delivering and formatting information, which can include encryption and ensuring the
security of data as it is transmitted across the network. This includes protocols like HTTP for web
browsing which can encrypt data via HTTPS, SMTP for secure email transmission, and FTP for secure
file transfer.

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