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Invitation to Computer Science 8th Edition G. Michael
Schneider
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Chapter 16 The World Wide Web
Chapter 17 Computer Security
8 In Conclusion
Chapter 18 Limitations of Computing
CONTENTS
1 Laying the Groundwork
Chapter 1 The Big Picture
1.1 Computing Systems
Layers of a Computing System
Abstraction
1.2 The History of Computing
A Brief History of Computing Hardware
A Brief History of Computing Software
Predictions
1.3 Computing as a Tool and a Discipline
Summary
Ethical Issues: Digital Divide
Key Terms
Exercises
Thought Questions
8 In Conclusion
Chapter 18 Limitations of Computing
18.1 Hardware
Limits on Arithmetic
Limits on Components
Limits on Communications
18.2 Software
Complexity of Software
Current Approaches to Software Quality
Notorious Software Errors
18.3 Problems
Comparing Algorithms
Turing Machines
Halting Problem
Classification of Algorithms
Summary
Ethical Issues: Therac-25: Anatomy of a Disaster
Key Terms
Exercises
Thought Questions
Glossary
Endnotes
Index
PREFACE
Choice of Topics
In putting together the outline of topics for this CS0 text, we used many
sources. We looked at course catalogue descriptions and book outlines, and we
administered a questionnaire designed to find out what you, our colleagues,
thought should be included in such a course. We asked you and ourselves to do
the following:
■ Please list four topics that you feel students should master in a CS0
course if this is the only computer science course they will take during
their college experience.
■ Please list four topics that you would like students entering your CS1
course to have mastered.
■ Please list four additional topics that you would like your CS1 students
to be familiar with.
The strong consensus that emerged from the intersections of these sources
formed the working outline for this book. Students who master this material
before taking CS1 have a strong foundation upon which to build their
knowledge of computer science. Although our intention was to write a CS0
text, our reviewers have pointed out that the material also forms a strong
breadth-first background that can also serve as a companion to a programming-
language introduction to computer science.
As these layers have grown over the years, the user has become
increasingly insulated from the computer system’s hardware. Each of these
layers provides an abstraction of the computing system beneath it. As each
layer has evolved, users of the new layer have joined with users of inner
layers to create a very large workforce in the high-tech sector of the global
economy. This book is designed to provide an overview of the layers,
introducing the underlying hardware and software technologies, in order to
give students an appreciation and understanding of all aspects of computing
systems.
Having used history to describe the formation of the onion from the inside
out, we were faced with a design choice: We could look at each layer in depth
from the inside out or the outside in. The outside-in approach was very
tempting. We could peel the layers off one at a time, moving from the most
abstract layer to the concrete machine. However, research has shown that
students understand concrete examples more easily than abstract ones, even
when the students themselves are abstract thinkers. Thus, we have chosen to
begin with the concrete machine and examine the layers in the order in which
they were created, trusting that a thorough understanding of one layer makes the
transition to the next abstraction easier for the students.
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