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The document outlines guidelines for attending a live class on the mechanical properties of fluids, emphasizing the importance of preparation, punctuality, and participation. It explains Pascal's Law and its applications, including hydraulic systems, as well as concepts of buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle. Additionally, it presents various problems related to these principles, aimed at reinforcing understanding through practical examples.

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17 views31 pages

Pof 2

The document outlines guidelines for attending a live class on the mechanical properties of fluids, emphasizing the importance of preparation, punctuality, and participation. It explains Pascal's Law and its applications, including hydraulic systems, as well as concepts of buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle. Additionally, it presents various problems related to these principles, aimed at reinforcing understanding through practical examples.

Uploaded by

tejasvi.rajanbabu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physics

Chapter: 9
|Mechanical Properties of Fluids|
Guidelines to Attend Live Class

❑ ALL NECESSARY ITEMS REQUIRED DURING THE CLASS MUST BE WITH YOU. (PEN, PENCIL,

NOTEBOOK, BOOK, WATER BOTTLE ETC.)

❑ REGULARITY AND PUNCTUALITY IS NECESSARY.

❑ ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE IN THE CLASS DISCUSSION.

❑ HOLD YOUR QUESTION DURING THE CONCEPT EXPLANATION. YOU CAN ASK YOUR

QUESTIONS IN THE CLASS ONCE THE CONCEPT IS FULLY EXPLAINED OR FEEL FREE TO ASK

ANYTIME AFTER THE CLASS.


Pascal’s Law
Pascal law is Valid when fluid is
1- incompressible
2- Non-viscous
3- Connected/Continuous
4- Confined (closed)

Pascal's law is stated in following ways.

• A liquid exerts equal pressures in all directions at point.


• If the pressure in an enclosed fluid is changed at a particular point, the change is
transmitted to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container without
being diminished in magnitude.
Pascal’s Law
(I) A liquid exerts equal pressures in all directions at point.
Pascal’s Law
(II) If the pressure in an enclosed fluid is changed at a particular point, the change is
transmitted to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container without being
diminished in magnitude.
Applications of Pascal’s Law

(i) Hydraulic Lift

(ii) Hydraulic Brake

(iii) Hydraulic jack


Applications of Pascal’s Law
Hydraulic Lift
Buoyancy
Archimedes’ View
Buoyancy
Newton’s View
Buoyancy
Buoyant Force
If a body is partially or fully immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward force due to
the fluid surrounding it.

This phenomenon of force exerted by fluid on the body is called buoyancy and force is
called buoyant force or force of upthrust.

Archimedes' Principle

It states that the upward buoyant force on a body that is partially or totally immersed
in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.

Buoyancy Force = Weight of fluid Displaced = 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞 . 𝑔. 𝑉𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦


Application of Archimedes Principle
To find weight of the body inside liquid (Apparent weight)
Application of Archimedes Principle
To find Volume of body (irregular body)
Principle of Floatation
Principle of Floatation

Case I : Density of the body is greater than that of liquid (𝜌𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 > 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞 )
Principle of Floatation

Case II : Density of the body is equal than that of liquid (𝜌𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 = 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞 )
Principle of Floatation

Case III : Density of the body is less than that of liquid (𝜌𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 < 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞 )
Problem 20

NCERT Example 9.5 Two syringes of different cross-sections (without needles) filled with
water are connected with a tightly fitted rubber tube filled with water. Diameters of
the smaller piston and larger piston are 1.0 cm and 3.0 cm respectively.
(a) Find the force exerted on the larger piston when a force of 10 N is applied to the
smaller piston.
(b) If the smaller piston is pushed in through 6.0 cm, how much does the larger piston
move out?
Problem 20
Problem 21

NCERT Example 9.6 In a car lift compressed air exerts a force F1 on a small piston having
a radius of 5.0 cm. This pressure is transmitted to a second piston of radius 15 cm. If the
mass of the car to be lifted is 1350 kg, calculate F1. What is the pressure necessary to
accomplish this task? (g = 9.8 ms-2).
Problem 22

The neck and bottom of a bottle are 4 cm and 12 cm in radius respectively. If the cork is
pressed with a force 10 N in the neck of the bottle, then find out the force exerted on
the bottom of the bottle:
Problem 23

If a block of wood floats in water with 3/5 of its volume inside the water then what is the
density of wood?
Problem 24

A block of wood floats in water with one-third of its volume submerged. The same block
floats in oil with 5/9 of its volume submerged. Find the density of (i) wood and (ii) oil
(Density of water is 103 kg/m3)
Problem 25

A cube with an edge of 10cm is immersed in a vessel containing water. A layer of liquid
immiscible with water and having a density of 0.8 × 103 kg/m3 is poured above water.
The interface between the liquid is at the middle of the cube height. Find the mass of
the cube :
Problem 26

A boat having a length of 4m and width of 3m is floating in water. The boat sinks by
2cm when a man gets onto it. Find the mass of the man
Problem 27

An iceberg is floating partially immersed in sea-water. The density of sea-water is 1.03


gm/cc and that of ice is 0.92 gm/cc. What is the fraction of the total volume of the
iceberg above the level of sea-water ?
Problem 28

A boat carrying a number of large stones is floating in water. What will happen to the
water level if the stones are unloaded into the water ?
Problem 29

Given H
𝜌𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 900 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
h
Find
1. Volume of ice out of the water
2. Fractional volume out of the water 5 cm
3. Height of cube visible from outside
Problem 30

A body of mass m and density σ (σ < ρ) is tied to a string inside a liquid as shown in
figure. Find tension in the string

σ
m

ρ
Problem 31

A block weight 200 gm in air, 150 gm in water and 100 gm in some liquid of unknown
density. Find the density of the liquid
Problem 32

A gold ornament weighs 200 gm in air and 180 gm in air respectively. If the ornament
has some air bubble trapped inside, find the volume of air bubble if density of gold is
20 gm/cc.
Problem 33

A Cu (6 gm/cc) and Al (4 gm/cc) alloy has a total mass of 20 gm in air. When the alloy is
submerged in water its apparent mass is 16 gm. Find the individual volume of Cu and Al.

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