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Actuators

The document provides an overview of actuators, which are devices that convert energy into motion for automation systems. It details the working principles, types (linear and rotary), components, and applications of actuators and solenoids. Additionally, it outlines the step-by-step breakdown of how both linear and rotary actuators function.

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Jemen Decipolo
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10 views42 pages

Actuators

The document provides an overview of actuators, which are devices that convert energy into motion for automation systems. It details the working principles, types (linear and rotary), components, and applications of actuators and solenoids. Additionally, it outlines the step-by-step breakdown of how both linear and rotary actuators function.

Uploaded by

Jemen Decipolo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTUATORS

GROUP 3: ANDOT, ENAD, LOBO, NAING, PAJUNAR


TABLE OF CONTENT
01 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ACTUATORS IN AUTOMATION

02 TYPES OF ACTUATORS

03 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

04 SOLENOIDS AND ITS APPLICATIONS


WHAT IS AN ACTUATOR?

An actuator is a mechanical device that converts energy—


whether electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic—into motion, making
it a fundamental component in automation systems. It enables
machines, robots, and industrial equipment to perform precise,
controlled movements without the need for direct human
intervention.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
AN ACTUATOR
General Working Principle
Energy Input: The actuator receives energy from a power source
Signal Processing: A control signal determines the actuator’s
movement or position.
Energy Conversion: The actuator converts the input energy into
mechanical motion—either linear (straight-line) or rotary
(rotational).
Motion Output: The actuator moves a load, such as opening a
valve, moving a robotic arm, or pushing a piston.
TYPES OF ACTUATORS

LINEAR ROTARY
LINEAR ACTUATORS
LINEAR ACTUATORS
A device that converts energy into motion along a
straight path.
Operates by transforming rotary motion into linear
displacement using mechanical components.
Powered by electricity, hydraulics, or pneumatics.
3 TYPICAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

01 Electric Actuators
Powered by electricity, using motors
for linear movement

Examples:
1. Firgelli Automations Classic Linear
Actuator
2. LINAK LA36 Industrial Linear Actuator
3 TYPICAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

02 Pneumatic Actuators
Uses compressed air to generate motion

Examples:
1. SMC CQ2 Compact Cylinder
2. FESTO DSNU Series Pneumatic Cylinder
3 TYPICAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

03 Hydraulic Actuators
Converts pressurized fluid energy into linear
or motion, providing high force output for
heavy-duty applications.

Examples:
1. Parker HMI Series Industrial Hydraulic
Cylinder
2. Bosch Rexroth CDT3 Compact Hydraulic
Cylinder
APPLICATIONS OF
LINEAR ACTUATORS

Automatic Sliding Doors


Car Seats & Windows
Landing Gear & Flap Control
Hospital Beds & Patient Lifts
Adjustable Desks & Tables
STEP-BY-STEP BREAKDOWN
01 Power Input
The actuator receives energy from an external source

02 Motion Generation
Electric Actuator: The electric motor rotates a lead screw or ball screw.
Hydraulic Actuator: Pressurized fluid pushes against a piston inside a cylinder.
Pneumatic Actuator: Compressed air expands inside a chamber, moving a piston.

03 Motion Conversion
Electric Actuators: The motor’s rotary motion is converted into linear motion
using a lead screw, belt, or gear mechanism
Hydraulic & Pneumatic Actuators: Directly generate linear motion from fluid or
air pressure.
STEP-BY-STEP BREAKDOWN
04 Linear Displacement Occurs
The moving component (piston, rod, or nut) advances or retracts in a
straight line.

05 Motion Control & Regulation


Electric Actuators: Speed and position are controlled electronically using
sensors or encoders.
Hydraulic Actuators: Fluid pressure and flow control the motion.
Pneumatic Actuators: Air pressure is regulated to control speed and force.
STEP-BY-STEP BREAKDOWN
06 Reversing the Motion (Bidirectional Operation)
Electric Actuators: The motor reverses direction to move the actuator in the
opposite direction.
Hydraulic Actuators: A valve redirects fluid flow to push or pull the piston
back.
Pneumatic Actuators: Compressed air is redirected to the opposite side of
the piston to reverse movement.

07 Stopping & Holding Position


The actuator stops once the desired position is reached.
Some actuators use brakes or locking mechanisms to hold the position
when not powered.
ROTARY ACTUATORS
ROTARY ACTUATORS
A device that converts energy into rotational motion

It provides controlled angular movement, either


continuous or limited to a specific range.

Commonly used in automation, robotics, and


industrial machinery.
TYPES OF ROTARY ACTUATORS

01 Electric Rotary Actuators


Examples:
a. Servo Motors
b. Stepper Motors
c. AC and DC motors
TYPES OF ROTARY ACTUATORS

02 Pneumatic Rotary Actuators


Examples:
a. Vane Actuators
b. Rack and Pinion Actuators
c. Scotch Yoke Actuators
TYPES OF ROTARY ACTUATORS

03 Hydraulic Rotary Actuators


Examples:
a. Vane Hydraulic Actuators
b. Helical Actuator
c. Rack and Pinion Hydraulic
Actuators
APPLICATIONS OF
ROTARY ACTUATORS
Mixing
Continuous rotation
Turning
Lifting
Opening and closing
Lowering
STEP-BY-STEP BREAKDOWN
01 Power Input
The actuator receives energy from an external source

02 Energy Conversion
The input energy is converted into mechanical motion

03 Motion Generation
The actuator’s internal mechanism translates the energy into rotary motion

04 Torque and Speed Control


The actuator regulates rotation speed and torque using control systems
STEP-BY-STEP BREAKDOWN
05 Feedback and Positioning
Some rotary actuators have sensors to track position and rotational angle

06 Output Motion Execution


The actuator rotates a shaft or connected mechanism to perform a task

07 Stopping and Resetting


Once the task is completed, the actuator stops or resets to its original
position
COMPONENTS AND
FUNCTIONS
HOUSING
The outer structure that holds and protects
internal components. Provides mounting
points.
DRIVE MECHANISM
The system inside the actuator that converts
the power source into motion.

LINEAR ACTUATOR ROTARY ACTUATOR


Lead screw, ball screw, or hydraulic Gears, vanes, or rack-and-pinion
piston converts input energy into convert input energy into rotary
linear motion motion
OUTPUT ELEMENT
The part that delivers motion and interacts
with the external load.

LINEAR ACTUATOR ROTARY ACTUATOR


Piston, rod, or screw – moves Rotor or output shaft –
in a straight line rotates to transfer torque
BEARINGS
Reduces friction and supports the moving
parts to increase efficiency and lifespan.
SEALS & GASKETS
Ensures that the system remains sealed to
maintain pressure and efficiency.
CONTROL SYSTEM
Provides feedback and control to adjust position, speed,
and force/torque.
SOLENOIDS

A solenoid is a variety of electromagnet consisting of a copper


wire coil wound tightly into a helix, an iron or steel housing, and a
mobile plunger made of magnetic material. When an electric
current passes through the coil, the solenoid produces a magnetic
field and converts that magnetic energy into mechanical motion.
TYPES OF SOLENOIDS

01 AC-Laminated Solenoid 05 Rotary Solenoid

02 DC C-Frame Solenoid

03 DC D-Frame Solenoid

04 Linear Solenoid
TYPES OF SOLENOIDS

01 AC-Laminated Solenoid
These solenoids comprise a wire coil and a
metal core made with laminated metal, which
helps reduce stray currents and optimizes the
solenoid’s performance.
APPLICATIONS
TYPES OF SOLENOIDS

02 DC C-Frame Solenoid
Ths is a type of solenoid where the coil is
surrounded by a C-shaped frame, meaning the
frame only covers one side of the coil, and is
designed to operate with direct current (DC).
APPLICATIONS
TYPES OF SOLENOIDS

03 DC D-Frame Solenoid
This is a type of solenoid that operates on
direct current (DC) power and has a distinctive
D-shaped frame design.
APPLICATIONS
TYPES OF SOLENOIDS

04 Linear Solenoid
Linear solenoids feature a coil-wrapped metal
core, delivering pushing or pulling force to
operate a piece of equipment.
APPLICATIONS
TYPES OF SOLENOIDS

05 Rotary Solenoid
A rotary solenoid is a type of electromagnetic
actuator that produces a rotational motion by
utilizing a coil of wire wrapped around a metal core.
APPLICATIONS
THANK YOU

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