Embedded System for Regulating Classroom

Temperature and Ambient Light Automatically

1st Ajay D.Jadhav 2nd Ms. Tejaswini D. Jadhav
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Dnyanshree Institute of Engineering & Technology Dnyanshree Institute of Engineering & Technology
Satara, India Satara, India
[email protected] [email protected]

3rd Ms. Sakshi G. Jadhav 4th Ms. Tanaya T. Mohite

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Dnyanshree Institute of Engineering & Technology Dnyanshree Institute of Engineering & Technology
Satara, India Satara, India
[email protected] [email protected]

5th Ms. Akanksha V. Mohite

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Dnyanshree Institute of Engineering & Technology
Satara, India
[email protected]

Abstract—In an era where energy conservation has become im- by using temperature sensors. The implementation such a fan
perative, automation in various domains has gained significance. system can be particularly beneficial in environments where
This research paper presents an embedded system designed to maintaining a specific temperature range is critical Automation
regulate classroom temperature and ambient light automatically
by integrating temperature and light sensors with Raspberry has been achieved by various means including mechanical,
Pi Pico W, the system effectively controls the operation of fans electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in combi-
and lights based on environmental condition. The system ensures nation. The benefit of automation include savings in electricity
optimal energy utilization while providing comfort to users. costs, savings in material costs and improvements to quality,
Various methodologies, design considerations, and testing phases accuracy and precision. Raspberry pi is used as the main node
have been explored to evaluate the performance and efficiency
of the system. which is used for both monitoring and controlling purposes.
Index Terms—Raspberry Pi Pico W, Embedded System, Am-
bient Light II. L ITERATURE R EVIEW
This Technical paper intitled “Design Of an automatic
I. I NTRODUCTION fan speed control system through temperature sensor and
Automation has become a key features in today’s world raspberry pi” Authored by, Benjamen kommey, john kwame,
advances in lightening technology have greatly improved the bright yeboah akowuah, elvis tamakloe. Mention that the
environment inside homes, buildings, and other large areas. design and implementation of an automatic ceiling fan speed
Various control strategies and methods are used to manage regulator using web camera and a temperature sensor. Fans
lighting system. Automation has replaced many manual con- have become a very important aspect of our daily lives to
trols, helping to save energy and reduce the need for manual present us with comfort especially in hot climates. However,
labor. The automatic light control system is a dependable they come with some attendant issues such as a person
solution that not only manages lighting but also saves electric having to move to where the fan regulators are placed to
energy. There are many areas especially rural areas face the be able to adjust the speed of the fan. This project seeks
electricity problems they get electricity only for few hours to design a solution that involves automatic fan regulation.
a day. That’s why Automation in lightning it is one of the This was achieved using a temperature sensor. The speed
sustainable solution. By using some kind of sensor we can get of the fan is then automatically adjusted based on the room
as much light as we want. Similarly, if there is no one in the temperature. The system was implemented on a raspberry pi,
room then the light can also turn off by using motion sensors a resource constrained edge computing environment [1]. This
as well as if the temperatures exceeds a certain limit, the speed survey will cover the most influential works and provide a
of the fan should increase automatically and it can be possible synthesis of current knowledge “Raspberry pi and temperature
sensor based automated fan speed control system”. Authored IV. D ESIGN AND D EVELOPMENT
by Dr.karthik V, Nadesh ragul K, Nishanth S, Naresh S.
Mention that an Raspberry pi based Automatic Raspberry The system consists of a temperature sensor and an LDR
Pi-based Automatic Fan Speed Controller integrated with a connected to a Raspberry Pi Pico W. The signals from these
Temperature Display using an LCD. The system is designed sensors are processed to determine whether fans and lights
to optimize energy consumption and enhance user comfort should be turned on or off. A relay module is used to switch
by dynamically adjusting fan speed based on real-time the electrical appliances based on the processed sensor data.
temperature readings from a chosen sensor. The hardware The circuit was first simulated using Proteus software before
components, including a Raspberry Pi, temper ature sensor implementation on a printed circuit board (PCB). This sensor
(LM35), DC fan, and LCD display, are interconnected to
create a responsive and intelligent environment [2].

This imformative paper intitled ”Light intensity monitoring

system using Rasp berry pi” Authored by Yalla Ramana
Murty, Kamidi Prashant, Swapna Kumati Peethala, Guddati
Pallavi Mention that This paper introduces real time remote
Light intensity monitoring system using Raspberry Pi which
enables the user to track the lighting system remotely.
Raspberry pi is a low cost ARM11 processor Linux based
computer which acts as a server, and it communicates
with clients with LAN or external Wi-Fi module. The key
feature of this system is light in tensity being monitored Fig. 1. Proposed Automatic Regulator System
instantaneously [3].
measures the ambient temperature. Common temperature sen-
This review focuses on important aspects intitled ”Design of sors include thermistors, thermocouples, and digital sensors
an Automatic Room Temperature-Controlled Fan Using Rasp- like the DHT11 or DS18B20. It generates an analog or digital
berry Pi” author by Dr.Karthik, Nadesh Ragul K , Nishanth , signal corresponding to the temperature, which needs condi-
Naresh. Mention that The project at hand, the ”Automatic Fan tioning to be interpreted correctly by the microcontroller. This
Speed Controller with Temperature Display using Raspberry block processes the raw output from the temperature sensor,
Pi and LCD,” exemplifies the practical application of micro- converting it to a suitable format (like voltage level) that the
controllers. Here, a Raspberry Pi, a versatile single-board com- Raspberry Pi Pico W can read. It may involve amplifying,
puter incorporating a microcontroller, serves as the brain of the filtering, or converting analog signals to digital form using
system. The project leverages the processing capabilities of the an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), ensuring accurate data
Raspberry Pi to read real-time temperature data from a sensor, input to the microcontroller. Measures the intensity of light
dynamically adjust the speed of a DC fan, and display this in the environment. Sensors like LDR (Light Dependent Re-
information on an LCD screen. The use of microcontrollers sistor), photodiodes, or photo transistors are commonly used
in this project brings forth a range of benefits. The Raspberry for this purpose. The light sensor’s resistance changes with
Pi, functioning as a microcontroller, provides a cost effective the intensity of the light, which is then processed further.
and accessible platform for developing intelligent system [4]. Similar to the temperatrue signal conditioner, it processes
the light sensor’s output, converting it to a suitable digital
III. M ETHODOLOGY format for the Raspberry Pi Pico W. This ensures that the
light levels can be accurately read and processed. Acts as the
This project involves a systematic approach to designing and central processing unit for this system, handling the input data
implementing an automated system for regulating classroom from the temperature and light sensors. It processes the data,
temperature and ambient light. Initially, project requirements controls the output devices (like fan and bulb), and displays
and specifications were identified, followed by the selection information on the LCD.A Liquid Crystal Display module
of suitable components such as Raspberry Pi Pico W, LM35 that can show 16 characters per line and has two lines. It is
temperature sensor, and LDR. The system was first simulated used to display temperature, light levels, or any other relevant
using Proteus software to ensure its feasibility before assem- information controlled by the Raspberry Pi Pico W. Acts as
bling it on a breadboard for functional testing. After successful an electrically operated switch that controls the fan and bulb
testing, a printed circuit board (PCB) was designed, fabricated, based on the signals from the Raspberry Pi Pico W. It allows
and populated with components. The software was developed a low-power signal from the microcontroller to switch high-
using MicroPython on the Thonny IDE to process sensor power electrical devices on or off. This driver is likely used
inputs and control the operation of fans and lights through for interfacing a specific temperature and humidity sensor
relays. Final testing and validation were conducted to ensure (like DHT11 or DHT22), providing additional data processing
the system’s efficiency in energy conservation and automation. functions for the sensor.
 TABLE I
O BSERVATION TABLE

Obs. No. Classroom Temperature(o C) Light Intensity(Lux) Fan Status (ON/OFF & speed level) Light Status Power Consumption
1 22o C 100 Lux OFF Dim 5W
2 28o C 300 Lux ON(Low) Normal 12W
3 32o C 600 Lux ON(Medium) Bright 18W
4 35o C 50 Lux ON(High) OFF 25W

V. R ESULT in modern spaces. By integrating sensors, micro controllers,

The implemented system successfully automated the regu- and automation, this system ensures that fans and lights op-
lation of classroom temperature and ambient light, ensuring erate only when required, based on environmental conditions
optimal energy utilization. Through various testing phases, such as temperature, occupancy, and light levels. This reduces
including simulation in Proteus, breadboard prototyping, and energy wastage and enhances user comfort.
PCB implementation, the system demonstrated reliable perfor- R EFERENCES
mance. The fan speed dynamically adjusted based on temper-
[1] B. Y. A. E. T. Benjamen Kommey, John Kwame, “design of an automatic
ature variations detected by the LM35 sensor, while the LDR fan speed control system through temperature sensor and raspberry pi”,
effectively controlled light intensity, switching lights on or off Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering, vol. 6,
as needed. The response time of the system was minimal, and Feb 2014.
[2] N. S. N. S. Dr.karthik V, Nadesh ragul K, “raspberry pi and temperature
power consumption was significantly reduced by preventing sensor based automated fan speed control system”, International Journal
unnecessary operation of electrical appliances. Overall, the of Advanced.
project achieved its objective of creating an efficient, user- [3] S. K. P. G. P. Yalla Ramana Murty, Kamidi Prashant, “light intensity
monitor ing system using rasp- berry pi,” UGC CARE Listed(Group-
friendly, and cost-effective solution for automated classroom I)Journal, vol. 11, Jan2022.
environment management. [4] ] N. N. Dr.Karthik, Nadesh Ragul K, “design of an automatic room
temperature controlled fan using raspberry pi,” Peer-reviewed Refereed
journal, vol. 13, feb 2024.
[5] ]Mr.T.Jayabharathi, Dr.P.Selvakumar, S.Baraneeshwaran,
R.Jeevitha,G.Manikandan, R.P arkavi, “Monitoring Of Industrial
Electrical Equipment Using Raspberry Pi Pico w”, International
journal of progressive research in engineering management and
science,vol.04,May 2024.
[6] Ramakant gayakawad, “Op-Amps and Linear Integrates Circuits”,
Fourth edition-29 May 2015 ISBN-13:978-93324549913-Book [7]Allen
Mottershead, Electronics Devices and Circuits, ISBN-81-203-0124-
2(eBook).

Fig. 2. Auto Fan Speed and Light Monitoring System

The Observation Table I shows how the light and fan

work based on temperature and light intensity.When the Light
intensity is low, the light turns ON, and when it’s high, the light
stays OFF , it means light adjusted based on light intensity (for
example- when light intensity is 100 Lux then Light status
is Dim and when light intensity 600 Lux then light status is
Bright). The fan speed increases when temperature is increases
and fan speed decreases when temperature is decreases. This
setup helps in automatically controlling the light and fan for
comfort. It saves energy by turning them ON or OFF as
needed.
VI. C ONCLUSION
The Automatic Fan and Light Monitoring System success-
fully addresses the need for energy efficiency and convenience