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Extinguisher

The document outlines fire extinguishment methods, types of extinguishing agents, and firefighting strategies, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing occupant safety and fire containment. It details various fire detection systems, fire alarm components, and suppression equipment, including fire extinguishers and sprinkler systems. Additionally, it discusses factors influencing extinguishment, ventilation methods, and basic tactics for effective firefighting.

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19 views4 pages

Extinguisher

The document outlines fire extinguishment methods, types of extinguishing agents, and firefighting strategies, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing occupant safety and fire containment. It details various fire detection systems, fire alarm components, and suppression equipment, including fire extinguishers and sprinkler systems. Additionally, it discusses factors influencing extinguishment, ventilation methods, and basic tactics for effective firefighting.

Uploaded by

luisperaltaph563
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CDI 6

FIRE EXTINGUISHER

"Extinguisher" redirects here. Extinguisher may also refer to a candle snuffer.

FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT
EXTINGUISHING AGENT
1. Class A - water (all agents)
2. Class B - foam/carbon dioxide (all agents)
3. Class C - carbon dioxide/powder (never use water, soda acid and foam)
4. Class D - special powder
5. Class E - all agents

• Rescue Operations - Prioritizing the evacuation and safety of occupants before fire suppression
efforts.
• Exposure Protection - Preventing fire spread to nearby structures and limiting fire growth.
• Confinement - Containing the fire within a specific area to prevent further spread.
• Ventilation - Controlling airflow to remove smoke, heat, and toxic gases while improving
visibility.
• Extinguishment - Applying firefighting techniques and suppression agents to eliminate the fire.
• Overhaul and Salvage - Checking for hidden fire sources, preserving property, and preventing
rekindling.

II. Factors to be Considered in Extinguishment


• Type of Fire - Understanding the fire classification (Class A, B, C, D, or K) helps determine the
best extinguishing method.
• Fuel Load and Fire Load - The amount and type of combustible materials within the structure.
Building Construction - Structural integrity, fire resistance rating, and collapse potential.
• Fire Behavior and Spread - How the fire develops, including heat, smoke, and ventilation
effects.
• Water Supply and Pressure - Adequate water availability for firefighting operations.
• Firefighting Equipment and Tactics - Use of appropriate tools, hoses, nozzles, and suppression
techniques.
• Weather Conditions - Wind, temperature, and humidity impact fire spread and suppression
efforts.
• Firefighter Safety and PPE - Proper protective gear and adherence to safety protocols to prevent
injuries.
• Time Factor - Early detection and rapid response significantly influence fire control and damage
reduction.
• Human Factors - Coordination, communication, and decision-making among firefighting teams.
CATEGORY
1. Active Fire Detection
Active fire detection systems use sensors and alarms to detect and respond to fire incidents.
These include:
• Smoke Detectors - Detect smoke particles and trigger alarms.
• Heat Detectors - Activate when temperature rises beyond a set limit.
• Flame Detectors - Identify the presence of flames through infrared or ultraviolet sensors.

2. Passive Fire Detection


Passive systems do not actively detect fire but contribute to fire prevention and containment.
These include:
• Fire-resistant building materials - Slow the spread of fire (e.g., fire-rated walls, doors, and
ceilings).
• Emergency lighting and signage - Guide occupants to exits in case of fire.
• Compartmentalization - Design elements like fire doors and dampers to prevent fire from
spreading.

I1. Fire Alarm Systems


1. Components of a Fire Alarm System
• Control Panel - The brain of the alarm system that processes signals.
• Initiating Devices - Sensors like smoke or heat detectors that activate alarms.
• Notification Appliances - Devices that alert occupants (e.g., sirens, flashing lights, voice alerts).
• Manual Pull Stations - Allow individuals to manually trigger alarms.
• Communication Systems - Connect to fire departments for quick response.

2. Types of Fire Alarm Systems


• Conventional Alarm Systems - Use separate circuits for different zones.
• Addressable Alarm Systems - Identify the exact location of the fire.
• Wireless Alarm Systems - Operate without physical wiring, suitable for temporary setups.

III. Fire Suppression Equipment


1. Fire Extinguishers
Portable devices for putting out small fires. Types include:
• Class A - For ordinary combustibles (wood, paper, cloth).
• Class B - For flammable liquids (gasoline, oil, grease).
• Class C - For electrical fires.
• Class D - For combustible metals.
• Class K - For kitchen fires (cooking oils and fats).

2. Automatic Fire Sprinkler


Systems
• Activate when heat reaches a predetermined level.
• Sprays water to suppress fire before it spreads.
3. Fire Suppression Systems
• Gas-Based Systems - Use carbon dioxide (CO2) or FM-200 to remove oxygen and suppress fire.
• Foam Suppression Systems - Create a barrier between the fire and oxygen, commonly used in
chemical fires.
• Dry Chemical Systems - Release powdered substances to interrupt the chemical chain reaction
of fire.

PROPER USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER


(TPASS Method)
T - Twist the pin
P - Pull the pin
A - Aim at the base of the fire
S - Squeeze the handle
S - Sweep side to side

METHODS OF EXTINGUISHMENT
1. COOLING - heat absorption.
2.SEPARATION - the removal of the fuel.
3.SMOTHERING - by expelling oxygen
4. INHIBITION (interruption of chemical chain reaction)

Strategies Used in Firefighting


1. Locate the fire
2. Confine the fire
3. Extinguish the fire
4. Exposures

Factors to Consider in Extinguishment


1. Time
2. Weather (temperature, humidity, wind)
3.Fire (ex.Extent, location, bldg construction, contents involved)
4.Occupancy
5. Ventilation (used for clearing the bldg of smoke and gases)

Types of Ventilation
a. Vertical ventilation
must be worked from the top to bottom
b. Cross or horizontal ventilation used if gases have not reached the higher level through the
opening of windows
c. Mechanical force ventilation
a method whereby a device such as smoke ejector is utilized to remove faster excessive heat and
dense smoke
Factors to determine the location for the opening
1. Location of intensity of fire
2. Highest point on the roof
3. Direction of wind
4.Existing exposure
5. Extent of fire
6. Obstruction

ADDITIONAL BASIC TACTICS USED IN


EXTINGUISHING FIRE
1. RESCUE
any action taken by the firefighters to remove occupants/ persons from building/ hazards to a
safety place
2.OVERHAUL
a complete and detailed checked of the structures and materials involved in the fire to make sure
that every spark and ember has been extinguished and to have assurance against re-ignition
3. SALVAGE - an action taken by the firefighters in preventing excessive damage by fire, water
with the use of salvage cover or by removing materials out from the burning building

Principles of Structural Firefighting


I. Strategy Used in Firefighting
• Size-Up - A continuous process of assessing the fire situation. Firefighters evaluate:
Fire location and extent.
Building construction and layout.
Available resources and water supply.
Potential hazards (hazardous materials, structural collapse).

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