Com-I-2425-Lecture 7-8-Performance Analysis of Digital Modulation System
Com-I-2425-Lecture 7-8-Performance Analysis of Digital Modulation System
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Sampler output
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SNR
| H ( f )G ( f )e j 2fT df |2
No
| H f | df
2
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Optimum Filter for White Gaussian Corresponding 𝛽 for the filter matched
Noise to the pulse p(t)-q(t)
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Remember
Parseval
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• Ep energy of p(t)
• Eq energy of q(t)
ht p T t H ( f ) P f e j 2fT
• BER This filter can be realized as a parallel combination of two filters matched to p(t) and q(t)
• Detection Threshold
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Optimum Threshold
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BER
0.5 h(t)
Filter response Multiplication of h(t) with any constant amplifies both the signal and the noise
by the same factor, and so does not affect the system performance.
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q(t)=0 so
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Orthogonal Signaling
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BER
Filter response
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1
𝑛=1 , 2𝜋𝑓𝑇 = 𝜋 , 𝑓=
2𝑇
1
𝑛=2 , 2𝜋𝑓𝑇 = 2𝜋 , 𝑓=
𝑇
By using a Gaussian pulse shape,
MSK being an orthogonal scheme GMSK is used Cellular
Communication system GSM
Coherently as Ordinary FSK Detection It has self synchronization
capabilities
BW=1,5Rb
Rapid decay 1/f4
Detection over a period of 2Tb,
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Optimum correlation
receiver for binary FSK
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If 𝑦 , 𝑦 , … , 𝑦 is an independent set, then the equality Basis vectors constract a orthonormal set of vectors.
They capture an orthogonal vector space.
𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎 𝑦 +, … + 𝑎 𝑦 = 0 hold if 𝑎 = 0, 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑚.
An n-dimensional space can have at most n independent vectors. Any vector 𝑥 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 , … , 𝑥 can be represented as
If a space has a maximum of n independent vectors, then every 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝜑 + 𝑥 𝜑 + ⋯ +𝑥 𝜑
vector x in this space can be expressed as a linear combination of
these n independent vectors. Where 𝑥 is the projection of x on the basis vector 𝜑
Thus any vector in this space can be specified by n-tuples. and is the k th coordinate.
A set of n independent vectors in an n-dimensional space can be By using the orthonormality equation, the kth
its basis vectors. If they are mutually orthogonal and have coordinate can be obtained from
normalized length. That is
< 𝑥 , 𝜑 >=𝑥 𝑘 = 1,2, … , 𝑛
0 𝑗≠𝑘 Since any vector in the n-dimensional space can be
< 𝜑 ,𝜑 > =
1 𝑗=𝑘 represented by this set of n basis vectors, this set
forms a complete orthonormal (CON) set.
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Mogasseri Mogasseri
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Mogasseri
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Finding the energy from the constellation Exploiting the orthogonality of basis functions
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𝐸 = 𝑠 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑠
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