Thermodynamics Part-02

Thermodynamics DPP-01

1. Which of the following is an open system ?

(1) Animals and plants
(2) A fridge
(3) A solar cooker
(4) None of these

2. The intensive property among these quantities is

(1) Enthalpy
(2) Mass/volume
(3) Mass
(4) Volume

3. In thermodynamics which one of the following is not an intensive property ?

(1) Pressure
(2) Density
(3) Volume
(4) Temperature

4. If in a container neither mass and nor heat exchange occurs then it constitutes an
(1) Closed system
(2) Open system
(3) Isolated system
(4) Imaginary system

5. Which of the following is not a state function ?

(1) ΔS
(2) ΔG
(3) ΔH
(4) q

6. Which of the following is not a state function ?

(1) Internal energy
(2) Enthalpy
(3) Work
(4) Entropy

7. Among the following intensive property is:

(1) Mass
(2) Volume
(3) Surface tension
(4) Enthalpy

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 Thermodynamics Part-02

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer 1 2 3 3 4 3 3

SOLUTIONS DPP-01

1. Plants & animals can exchange energy as well as matter with the surroundings and therefore they belong to the
open system.

2. The ratio of two extensive property is always intensive

Mass E
= =I
Volume E
I = Intensive
E = Extensive

3. Volume is not an intensive property. If we divide the system in two equal halves then volume of system reduces
to V/2 for each part.

4. An isolated system neither exchange energy nor matter with surroundings.

5. q is not a state function.

6. Work is not a state function as during a process its value depends on the path followed. The value of enthalpy,
internal energy and entropy depends on the state and not on the path followed to get that state, hence these
are state functions.

7. Surface tension is an intensive property which do not depend upon the quantity of matter present in the system.
F E
Surface tension = = =I
L E
E = Extensive
I = Intensive

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 Thermodynamics Part-05

Thermodynamics DPP-02

1. One mole of gas occupying 3 litre volume is expanded against a constant external pressure of one atm
to a volume of 15 litre. The work in this process is :-
(1) –1.215 × 103 J
(2) +12.15 × 103 J
(3) +121.5 × 103 J
(4) +1.215 × 103 J

2. The work during the expansion of a gas from a volume of 4 dm 3 to 6 dm3 against a constant external
pressure of 3 atm is :-
(1) –608 J
(2) +304 J
(3) –304 J
(4) –6 J

3. The work during the expansion of a gas from a volume of 14 dm 3 to 16 dm3 against a constant external
pressure of 2 atm is :-
(1) –405.2 J
(2) +304 J
(3) –304 J
(4) –6 J

4. Which of the following is zero for an isochoric process

(1) dP
(2) dV
(3) dT
(4) dE

5. The process in which no heat enters or leaves the system, is termed as

(1) Isochoric
(2) Isobaric
(3) Isothermal
(4) Adiabatic

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 Thermodynamics Part-05

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5
Answer 1 1 1 2 4

SOLUTIONS DPP-02

1. w = –PextΔV
= –1 atm (15 – 3)L = –12 L-atm
= –12 × 101.3 J ∵ [1 L atm = 101.31 J]
= –1215.6 J
=–1.2156 × 103 J

2. w = –PextΔV ∵ [1 dm3 = 1L]

= –3(6 – 4)L atm
= –3 × 2 L atm
= –6 L atm ∵ [1 L atm = 101.3 J]
= –6 × 101.3 J
= –607.8 J ≃ –608 J

3. w = –PextΔV ∵ [1 dm3 = 1L]

= –2 × (16 – 14) L atm
= –2 × 2
= –4 L atm
= –4 × 101.3 J
= –405.2 J

4. dV = 0 for an isochoric process.

5. For adiabatic process q = 0.

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 Thermodynamics Part-07

Thermodynamics DPP-03

1. A system absorbs 300 Cal of heat with the result of that, the volume of the system becomes double of its
initial volume and temperature changes from 273K to 546K. The work done by the system on the
surroundings is 200.0 Cal Calculate E :-
(1) 273 Cal
(2) 500 Cal
(3) 100 Cal
(4) –500 Cal

2. One mole of an ideal gas at 300 K is expanded isothermally from an initial volume of 1 litre to 10 litre.
The E for the process is :- (R = 2 Cal K–1 mol–1)
(1) 163.7 Cal
(2) 1381.1 Cal
(3) 9 L-atm
(4) Zero

3. In an adiabatic process which of the following is true :-

(1) q = +w
(2) –E = –w
(3) PV = 0
(4) q = E

4. In an isochoric process, the increase in internal energy is :-

(1) Equal to the heat absorbed
(2) Equal to the heat evolved
(3) Equal to the work done
(4) Equal to zero

5. In a closed insulated container, a liquid is stirred with a paddle to increase its temperature. In this process,
which of the following is true
(1) ΔE = w = q = 0
(2) ΔE ≠ 0, q = w = 0
(3) ΔE = w ≠ 0, q = 0
(4) ΔE = q ≠ 0, w = 0

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 Thermodynamics Part-07

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5
Answer 3 4 2 1 3

SOLUTIONS DPP-03

1. According to first law of thermodynamics

ΔU = q + w
ΔU = 300 Cal + (–200 Cal)
ΔU = 100 Cal
Therefore change in internal energy of the system is 100 Cal

2. Internal energy of an ideal gas is dependent only on the temperature. For an isothermal process, the change in
temperature during process is zero. Hence ΔU = 0.

3. For adiabatic process

q=0
ΔU = q + w
ΔU = 0 + w
ΔU = w
or
–ΔE = –w

4. For an isochoric process ΔV = 0 ⇒ w = 0

⇒ ΔE = q + 0. Hence increase in internal energy will be equal to heat absorbed by the system.

5. As the system is closed and insulated no heat enter or leave the system, i.e. q = 0;  ΔE = q + w = w.

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 Thermodynamics Part-09

Thermodynamics DPP-04

1. When a solid melts, there is :-

(1) No increase in enthalpy
(2) Increase in enthalpy
(3) Decrease in enthalpy
(4) Anything can happen

2. For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) which of the following is valid ?
(1) H = E
(2) H < E
(3) H > E
(4) None of these

3. Heat exchanged in a chemical reaction at constant pressure is called :-

(1) Internal energy
(2) Enthalpy
(3) Enthropy
(4) Free energy

4. Latent heat of vaporisation of a liquid at 500 K and 1 atm pressure is 10.0 kCal mol –1. What will be the
change in internal energy of 3 mol of liquid at same temperature and pressure
(1) 13.0 kCal
(2) –13.0 kCal
(3) 27.0 kCal
(4) –27.0 kCal

5. What is the value of ng if we consider the combustion of 1 mol of liquid ethanol if reactants and products
are at 298 K :-
(1) –1
(2) –2
(3) +1
(4) +2

6. If a reaction involves only solids and liquids, which of the following is true
(1) H < E
(2) H = E
(3) H > E
(4) H = E + RTng

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 Thermodynamics Part-09

7. The value of H – E for the following reaction at 27°C will be, 2NH3 (g) → N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) :-
(1) 8.314 × 273 × (–2) J
(2) 8.314 × 300 × (–2) J
(3) 8.314 × 27 (+2) J
(4) 8.314 × 300 (+2) J

8. At constant temperature for the reaction C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (ℓ), E – H is :-
(1) +RT
(2) –3RT
(3) +3RT
(4) –RT

9. Heat of reaction for CO(g) + ½O2(g) → CO2(g) at constant V is –67.71 kCal at 17°C. The heat of reaction
at constant P at 17°C is :-
(1) –68.0 kCal
(2) + 68.0 kCal
(3) – 67.42 kCal
(4) None

10. For which change H  E :-

(1) H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
(2) HCl () + NaOH () → NaCl (s) + H2O ()

(3) C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)

(4) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

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 Thermodynamics Part-09

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer 2 2 2 3 1 2 4 3 1 4

SOLUTIONS DPP-04

1. It is an endothermic reaction and heat is absorbed. Thus enthalpy increases.

2. ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
Δng = 2 – 4 = –2
ΔH = ΔE – 2RT
ΔH < ΔE

3. Heat absorb or evolve at constant pressure is called enthalpy change of the reaction.

4. ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
3 × 10 × 103 Cal = ΔE + 3 × 2 × 500
30000 Cal = ΔE + 3000
ΔE = 27000 Cal = 27 K Cal

5. 1C2H5OH(ℓ) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(ℓ)

Δng = –1

6. For reaction involving only solids & liquids Δng = 0

ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
ΔH = ΔE + 0
ΔH = ΔE

7. ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
ΔH – ΔE = –ΔngRT [∴ Δng = 2]
= (2 × 8.314 × 300)

8. ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
ΔE – ΔH = –ΔngRT [∴ Δng = –3]
= –(–3) RT
= 3 RT

9. ΔE = –67.71 kCal
ΔH = ?
ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
 1
ΔH = –67.71 +  −  × 2 × 10–3 × 290
 2
= –67.71 – 0.290
= –68.00 kCal
10. We know ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
(i) Δng = 0 H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
(ii) Δng = 0 HCl(ℓ) + NaOH(ℓ) ⇌ NaCl (s) + H2O(ℓ)
(iii) Δng = 0 C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)
(iv) Δng = –2 N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) [∴ ΔH ≠ΔE]

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 Thermodynamics Part-12

Thermodynamics DPP-05

1. When 229 J of energy is supplied as heat at constant pressure to 3 mol Ar(g), the temperature of the
sample is increased by 2.55K. Calculate the molar heat capacity at constant volume :-
(1) 30 kJ K–1 mol–1
(2) 30 J K–1 mol–1
(3) 21.7 J K–1 mol–1
(4) 21.7 kJ K–1 mol–1

2. Calculate w for the isothermal reversible expansion of 1mol of an ideal gas from an initial pressure of 1.0
bar to a final pressure of 0.1 bar at a constant temperature of 273 K :-
(1) –5227.2 J
(2) +5227.2 J
(3) –2257 J
(4) +2257 J

3. For a reversible process at T = 300K, the volume is increased from Vi = 1L to Vf = 10L. Calculate H if the
process is isothermal -
(1) 11.47 kJ
(2) 4.98 kJ
(3) 0
(4) –11.47 kJ

4. A piston filled with 0.04 mol of an ideal gas expands reversibly from 50.0 mL to 375 mL at a constant
temperature of 37.0°C. As it does so, it absorbs 208 J of heat. The values of q and w for the process will
be :- (R = 8.314 J mol–1 K–1) (ln 7.5 = 2.01)
(1) q = + 208 J, w = – 208 J
(2) q = – 208 J, w = – 208 J
(3) q = – 208 J, w = + 208 J
(4) q = + 208 J, w = + 208 J

5. At 27°C, one mole of an ideal gas is compressed isothermally and reversibly from a pressure of 2 atm to
10 atm. The values of ΔE and q are (R = 2)
(1) 0, – 965.84 Cal
(2) – 965.84 Cal, + 965.84 Cal
(3) + 865.58 Cal, – 865.58 Cal
(4) – 865.58 Cal, – 865.58 Cal

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 Thermodynamics Part-12

6. One mole of an ideal gas is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically from a temperature of 27°C.
If the work done during the process is 3kJ, then final temperature of the gas is (CV = 20 J/K)
(1) 100 K
(2) 150 K
(3) 195 K
(4) 255 K

7. When one mole of monoatomic ideal gas at T K undergoes adiabatic change under a constant external
pressure of 1 atm changes volume from 1 litre to 2 litre. The final temperature in Kelvin would be
T
(1) (2/3)
2
2
(2) T +
3  0.0821
(3) T
2
(4) T −
3  0.0821

8. The molar heat capacity of water at constant pressure is 75 JK–1 mol–1. When 1.0 kJ of heat is supplied to
100 g of water which is free to expand the increase in temperature of water is
(1) 6.6 K
(2) 1.2 K
(3) 2.4 K
(4) 4.8 K

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 Thermodynamics Part-12

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Answer 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 3

SOLUTIONS DPP-05

1. ΔH = nCPΔT
229 = nCPΔT
229
CP =
3  2.55
= 29.93 J/K/mol
CP – CV = R
CV = CP – R
= (29.93 – 8.314) J/K/mol
= 21.62 J/K/mol

Pi
2. w = –nRT ℓn
Pf
Pi = Initial pressure
Pf = Final pressure
Given
n = 1 mol
Pi = 1.0 bar
Pf = 0.1 bar
T = 273 K
R = 8.314 J
1.00
∴ w = –1 × 8.314 × 273 × ln
0.10
w = –2.303 ×8.314 × 273 × log 10
w = –5227.2 J

3. ΔH = nCPΔT
ΔT = 0
ΔH = 0

4. As heat is absorbed
∴ q = 208 J
Now, for reversible isothermal process.
We know, ΔU = q + w
T = constant
∴ ΔU = 0
q = –w
q = +208 J
w = –208 J

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 Thermodynamics Part-12

P2
5. W = 2.303nRTlog
P1
10
= 2.303  1  2  300log = 965.84
2
at constant temperature, ΔE = 0
ΔE = q + w; q = –w = –965.84 Cal

6. Given number of moles =1

Initial temperature = 27°C = 300 K
Work done by the system = 3kJ = 3000 J
It will be (–) because work is done by the system.
Heat capacity at constant volume (CV) = 20 J/K
We know that work done
w = nCV (T2 – T1)
⇒ –3000 = 1 × 20 (T2 – 300)
⇒ –3000 = 20T2 – 6000
3000
⇒ 20T2 = 3000; T2 = = 150 K
20

7. TV −1 = constant
⇒ T1 V1−1 = T2V2−1
−1
V 
⇒ T2 = T1  1 
 V2 
γ for monoatomic ideal gas is = 5/3
5
−1
 1 3
⇒ T2 = T  
2
T
⇒ T2 = (2/3)
2

75
8. Heat capacity of water per gram = = 4.17J = s
18
q = m × s × ΔT
⇒ 1000 = 100 × 4.17 × ΔT
1000
⇒ ΔT = = 2.4K .
100  4.17

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 Thermodynamics Part-15

Thermodynamics DPP-06

1. In any natural process occuring in the universe :-

(1) Entropy of universe is conserved
(2) Entropy of universe increases
(3) Entropy of universe decreases
(4) Entropy of universe remains unchanged

2. The most random state of H2O system is :-

(1) Ice
(2) H2O(ℓ) at 80°C ; 1 atm
(3) Steam
(4) H2O (ℓ) at 25°C ; 1 atm

3. Change in entropy is negative for :-

(1) Br2(ℓ) → Br2(g)
(2) C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)
(3) M2(g,10 atm) → M2(g, 1atm)
(4) Fe (at 400K) → Fe (at 300K)

4. 5 mole of an ideal gas expand reversibly from a volume of 8 dm 3 to 80 dm3 at a temperature of 27°C.
The change in entropy is :-
(1) 41.57 JK–1
(2) –95.73 JK–1
(3) 95.73 JK–1
(4) –41.57 JK–1

5. The latent heat of vapourisation of water at 100°C is 540 Cal g–1. Calculate the entropy increase when one
mole of water at 100°C is evaporated :-
(1) 26 Cal K–1 mol–1
(2) 1.45 Cal K–1 mol–1
(3) 367 Cal K–1 mol–1
(4) 1.82 Cal K–1 mol–1

6. Calculate enthalpy of vapourization per mole of ethanol. Given S = 109.8 J K–1 mol–1 and B.P. of ethanol
is 78.5°C :-
(1) Zero
(2) 38.594 kJ mol–1
(3) 3.85 kJ mol–1
(4) None of these

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 Thermodynamics Part-15

7. Calculate the entropy of Br2(g) in the reaction H2(g) + Br2(g) → 2HBr(g), S° =20.1JK–1 given, entropy
of H2 and HBr is 130.6 and 198.5 J mol–1 K–1 :-
(1) 246.3 JK–1
(2) 123.15 JK–1
(3) 24.63 JK–1
(4) 20 kJK–1

8. In a spontaneous irreversible process the total entropy of the system and surroundings
(1) Remains constant
(2) Increases
(3) Decreases
(4) Zero

9. Which has the least entropy :

(1) Graphite
(2) Diamond
(3) N2(g)
(4) N2O(g)

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 Thermodynamics Part-15

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 2 3 4 3 1 2 1 2 2

SOLUTIONS DPP-06

1. Energy of universe is conserved but entropy of universe always increases during any natural process.

2. Gases have the most random motion. Steam is in gaseous state. Therefore, the most random state of H2O system
is steam.

3. Change in entropy is negative because at lower temperature degree of randomness is low.

4. n = 5, V1 = 8 dm3, V2 = 80 dm3, T = 300 K

Thus, the change in entropy is:
V2
ΔS = nR ln
V1
80
= 5 × 8.314 × 2.303 × log
8
ΔS = 95.73 J/K

H
5. ΔS =
T
ΔH = 540 Cal/g
Mol wt. of water = 18 g
ΔH (per mole) = ΔH (Per gram) × Mol wt.
ΔH (per mole) = 540 × 18 = 9720 Cal/mol
Now, as we know that,
H
ΔS =
T
Given T = 100°C = (273 + 100) = 373 K
9720
∴ ΔS = = 26 Cal/(mol K)
373

H vapour
6. ΔSvapour =
Tb.p

Given, ΔSvapour = 109.8 JK–1mol–1

Tbp = 78.5 + 273 = 351.5 K
Substituting these values in above equation.
We get
Hvapour
109.8 =
351.5
ΔHvapour = 38594 J/mol = 38.594 kJ/mol

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 Thermodynamics Part-15

7. Entropy of HBr – entropy of H2 – entropy of Br2 = 20.1 J/K

2 × 198.5 – 130.6 – entropy of Br2 = 20.1 J/K
⇒ Entropy of Br2 = 246.3 J/K

8. Spontaneous processes are accompanied by increase in entropy.

9. Diamond has least entropy due to its crystalline structure.

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 Thermodynamics Part-18

Thermodynamics DPP-07

1. If G° > 0 for a reaction then :-

(1) Kp > 1
(2) Kp < 1
(3) Kp = 1
(4) None

2. For an endothermic reaction to be spontaneous :-

(1) G must be +ve
(2) S must be > 0
(3) TS must be –ve
(4) TS must be equal to G

3. The value of G for the process H2O(s) → H2O(ℓ) at 1 atm and 260 K is :-
(1) < 0
(2) = 0
(3) > 0
(4) Unpredictable

4. In a certain chemical reaction H = 150 kJ and S = 10 JK–1 at 300 K. The value of G would be :-
(1) –2850 J
(2) Zero
(3) +2850 J
(4) 147 kJ

5. The standard Gibb's energy change for a gaseous reaction at 27°C is X kCal. If equilibrium constant for a
reaction is 100 and R is 2 Cal K–1 mol–1. Then X is :-
(1) –2.7636
(2) +2.7636
(3) + 807
(4) – 807

6. The favourable conditions for a spontaneous reaction are :-

(1) TS > H, H = +ve, S = +ve
(2) TS > H, H = +ve, S = –ve
(3) TS = H, H = –ve, S = –ve
(4) TS = H, H = +ve, S = +ve

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 Thermodynamics Part-18

7. The temperature at which the reaction

Ag2O(s) ⎯→ 2Ag(s) + ½ O2(g)
is at equilibrium is ........;
Given H = 30.5 kJ mol–1
and S = 0.066 kJK–1 mol–1 :
(1) 462.12 K
(2) 362.12 K
(3) 262.12 K
(4) 562.12 K

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 Thermodynamics Part-18

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer 2 2 3 4 1 1 1

SOLUTIONS DPP-07

1. ΔG° = –2.303 RT log KP

When ΔG° > 0, the reaction is non-spontaneous. Thus, the equilibrium mixture contains more reactants than
products. Hence the equilibrium constant is less than 1.
Hence KP < 1.

2. For spontaneous process ΔG must be –ve

This is possible when
ΔH = +ve (endothermic)
TΔS = +ve (ΔS = +ve)
∴ ΔG = ΔH – TΔS (TΔS > ΔH)
= –ve

3. At T < 273 K ice remains as ice and water converts into ice. So ice to water conversion is not a spontaneous
process.
ΔG > 0 for H2O(s) → H2O(ℓ) at 260 K

4. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
= 150 × 103 – 300 × 10
= 150 × 103 – 3 × 103
= 147 × 103 J
= 147 kJ

5. ΔG° = –RT lnK

X = –2 × 300 × ln 100
X = –2.7636 kCal

6. TΔS > ΔH, ΔH = +ve, ΔS = +ve

Then ΔG = –ve
Reaction will be spontaneous in nature acc. to ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

7. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
At equilibrium ΔG = 0
ΔH = TΔS
30.5 = T × 0.066
∴ T = 462.12 K

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 Thermodynamics Part-22

Thermodynamics DPP-08

1. An endothermic reaction is one in which :

(1) heat is converted into electricity
(2) heat is absorbed
(3) heat is evolved
(4) heat is converted into mechanical work

2. If heat of reaction A + 5B → 2C + 3D, is –50 kJ. What is the heat of the reaction 2A + 10B → 4C + 6D.
(1) – 50 kJ
(2) – 25 kJ
(3) – 100 kJ
(4) + 100 kJ

3. The process CH3COOH ⎯→ CH3COO– + H+, should be :

(1) exothermic
(2) endothermic
(3) neither exothermic nor endothermic
(4) exothermic or endothermic depending upon temperature

4. For the given reaction :

CO2(g) + H2(g) ⎯→ CO(g) + H2O(g) ;  H = 40 kJ
The  H is specifically called
(1) Heat of formation of CO
(2) Heat of combustion
(3) Heat of reaction
(4) Heat of hydrogenation of C = O bond

5. A hypothetical reaction, X ⎯→ 2Y proceeds by the following sequence of steps

(i) X ⎯→ Z ;  H = q1
(ii) Z ⎯→ 2W ;  H = q2
(iii) W ⎯→ Y ;  H = q3
The value of H of reaction is :
(1) q1 + q2 + q3
(2) 2q1 + 2q2 + 3q3
(3) q1 + q2 + 2q3
(4) 2(q1 + q2 + q3)

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 Thermodynamics Part-22

6. Thermochemical reactions
1
C(graphite) + O2 (g) → CO(g); ΔH = −110.5kJ ....(i)
2
1
CO(g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g); ΔH = −283.2kJ ....(ii)
2
From the above reaction, the heat of reaction for C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g) will be
(1) – 393.7 kJ
(2) + 393.7 kJ
(3) – 172.7 kJ
(4) + 172.7 kJ

7. Given C(s) + O2(g) ⎯→ CO2(g) + 94.2 kCal

H2(g) + ½ O2(g) ⎯→ H2O(ℓ) + 68.3 kCal
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ⎯→ CO2(g) + 2H2O(ℓ) + 210.8 kCal
The heat of formation of methane in Kcal will be
(1) –45.9
(2) –47.8
(3) –20.0
(4) –47.3

8. The heat of reaction for

1
A+ O2 → AO is –50 kCal and
2
1
AO + O2 → AO2 is 100 kCal. The heat of reaction for A + O2 → AO2 is:-
2
(1) – 50 kCal
(2) + 50 kCal
(3) 100 kCal
(4) 150 kCal

9. The enthalpy of a reaction at 273 K is – 3.57 kJ. what will be the enthalpy of reaction at 373 K if
Cp = zero :–
(1) – 3.57 kJ
(2) Zero
373
(3) – 3.57  kJ
273
(4) – 375 kJ

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 Thermodynamics Part-22

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 2 3 2 3 3 1 3 2 1

SOLUTIONS DPP-08

1. An endothermic reaction is one in which heat is absorbed.

2. (A + 5B → 2C + 3D; ΔH = –50 kJ) × 2

2A + 10B → 4C + 6D; ΔH = 2 × (–50 kJ)
= –100 kJ

3. The reaction is dissociation of acid. Energy is required to ionize H + from an acid and so the reaction is
endothermic.
Hence, correct answer is 2.

4. ΔH is specifically called heat of reaction.

5. X→Z ΔH = q1 eq (i)
Z → 2W ΔH = q2 eq (ii)
W→Y ΔH = q3 eq (iii)
Required equation X → 2Y
= eq (i) + eq (ii) + 2 × eq (iii)
= q1 + q2 + 2q3

6. Adding eq. (i) + eq. (ii) gives the required result.

7. Heat of formation
C + 2H2 → CH4
To get above equation
eq (i) + 2 × eq (ii) – eq (iii)
= –94.2 – 2 × 68.3 – (–210.8)
= –230.8 + 210.8
= –20 kCal
Here –ve sign represents reaction is exothermic in nature.

8. A + O2 → AO2
To obtain above reaction
1
A+ O2 → AO ….(i)
2
1
AO + O2 → AO2 ….(ii)
2
Add : eq (i) + eq (ii)
= (–50 + 100) kCal
= 50 kCal

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 Thermodynamics Part-22

9. By Kirchhoff’s law,
H2 − H1
ΔCP =
T2 − T1
Given, ΔCP = 0
∴ ΔH2 – ΔH1 = 0
ΔH2 = ΔH1 = –3.57 kJ
Hence enthalpy of reaction at 373 K is –3.57 kJ

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 Thermodynamics Part-24

Thermodynamics DPP-09

1. Reaction H2(g) + I2(g) ⎯→ 2HI(g); H = –12.40 kCal. According to this, heat of formation of HI will be –
(1) 12.40 kCal
(2) – 12.40 kCal
(3) – 6.20 kCal
(4) 6.20 kCal

2. Which of the following equations respresents standard heat of formation of CH 4 ?

(1) C(diamond) + 2H2 (g) ⎯→ CH4 (g)
(2) C(graphite) + 2H2 (g) ⎯→ CH4 (g)
(3) C(diamond) + 4H (g) ⎯→ CH4 (g)
(4) C(graphite) + 4H(g) ⎯→ CH4 (g)

3. Standard enthalpy of formation is zero for

(1) Cdiamond
(2) Br(g)
(3) Cgraphite
(4) O3(g)

4. M is a metal that forms an oxide M2O

1 1
M2O → M + O2 ; H = 120 kCal.
2 4
When a sample of metal M reacts with one mole of oxygen what will be the H in that case
(1) 240 kCal.
(2) – 240 kCal.
(3) 480 kCal.
(4) – 480 kCal.
(5)

5. The ΔHof for CO2(g), CO(g) and H2O(g) are –393.5, –110.5 and –241.8 kJ mol–1respectively the standard
enthalpy change (in kJ) for the reaction CO2(g)+H2 (g)→ CO(g)+ H2O(g) is -
(1) 524.1
(2) 41.2
(3) –262.5
(4) –41.2

6. In the combustion of 0.4 g. of CH4, 0.25 kCal. of heat is liberated. The heat of combustion of CH 4 is
(1) – 20 kCal
(2) – 10 kCal
(3) – 2.5 kCal
(4) – 5 kCal

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 Thermodynamics Part-24

7. According to equation,
C6H6(ℓ) + 15/2 O2(g) ⎯→ 6CO2(g) + 3H2O(ℓ); H = – 3264.4 kJ mol–1 the energy evolved when 7.8 g
benzene is burnt in air will be -
(1) 163.22 kJ
(2) 32.64 kJ
(3) 3.264 kJ
(4) 326.4 kJ

8. The enthalpy of formation for C2H4(g), CO2(g) and H2O() at 25°C and 1 atm. pressure are 52, –394 and

–286 kJ mole–1 respectively. The enthalpy of combustion of C2H4 will be:-

(1) + 1412 kJ mole–1
(2) –1412 kJ mole–1
(3) + 142.2 kJ mole–1
(4) –141.2 kJ mole–1

9. The heat of combustion of a substance is :-

(1) Always positive
(2) Always negative
(3) Numerically equal to the heat of formation
(4) 1 and 3 both

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 Thermodynamics Part-24

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 3 2 3 4 2 2 4 2 2

SOLUTIONS DPP-09

1. H2(g) + I2(g) → 2HI(g) ΔH = –12.40 kCal eq. (1)

Required equation
1 1
H2(g) + I2(g) → HI(g) ΔH = ? eq. (2)
2 2
= Divide eq. (1) by 2 to get eq. (2)
12.40
=–
2
= –6.20 kCal

2. C(graphite) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g)

3. Cgraphite is reference state for carbon and hence standard enthalpy of formation is zero.

1 1
4. M2O ⎯→ M + O2 ; H = 120 kCal
2 4
1 1
So M + O2 ⎯→ M2O; H = –120 kCal
4 2
1
according to equation when mole O2 reacts with metal H = –120 kCal.
4
 when 1 mol O2 reacts H = – 120 × 4
H = – 480 kCal

5. CO2(g) + H2(g) → CO(g) + H2O(g)

ΔH = ∑(ΔHf)P – ∑(ΔHf)R
ΔH°f (CO2) = –393.5 kJ/mol
ΔH°f (CO) = –110.5 kJ/mol
ΔH°f (H2O) = –241.8 kJ/mol
ΔH = [(–110.5 – 241.8) – (–393.5)] kJ
ΔH = 41.2 kJ

6. In the combution of 0.4g CH4 produced heat is 0.25 kCal

0.25
∴ In the combustion of 16g (1 mole) CH4 produced heat is =  16 = 10 kCal mol–1
0.4
∴ –ve sign represents the exothermic reaction.

15
7. C6H6() + O2(g) ⎯→ 6CO2(g) + 3H2O() ; H = –3264.4 kJ
2
1 mole C6H6 = 78g C6H6 undergoes combustion then H = – 3264.4 kJ
 when 7.8g C6H6 undergoes combustion
3264.4
ΔH =  7.8 = 326.44 kJ
78

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 Thermodynamics Part-24

8. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) ⎯→ 2CO2(g) + 2H2O() ; HComb.=?

H =  (Hf)P – (Hf)R
= [2 × (–286) + 2(–394)] – [52]
= –1412 kJ/mol

9. Heat of combustion of substance is always negative as it is the amount of heat evolved when 1 mole of a
substance is completely burnt in air or oxygen.

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 Thermodynamics Part-25

Thermodynamics DPP-10

1. Enathalpy of neutralisation of acetic acid with KOH will be numerically :

(1) = 57.2 kJ
(2) > 57.2 kJ
(3) < 57.2 kJ
(4) unpredictable

2. One mole of H2SO4 is completely neutralised with 2 mole of NaOH in dilute solutions. The amount of
heat evolved during the process is :
(1) 57.2 kJ
57.2kJ
(2)
2
(3) 13.7 kCal
(4) 114.4 kJ

3. The molar neutralization heat for KOH and HNO3 as compared to molar neutralization heat of NaOH and
HCl
(1) Less
(2) More
(3) Equal
(4) Depends on pressure

4. The heat of neutralization of HCl by NaOH is –55.9 kJ mol–1. If the heat of neutralization of HCN by NaOH
is – 12.1 kJ mol–1. The energy of dissociation of HCN is
(1) – 43.8 kJ
(2) 43.8 kJ
(3) 68 kJ
(4) – 68 kJ

5. The enthalpy of neutralization is about 57.3 kJ for the pair

(1) HCl and NH4OH
(2) NH4OH and HNO3
(3) HCl and NaOH
(4) CH3COOH and NaOH

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 Thermodynamics Part-25

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5
Answer 3 4 3 2 3

SOLUTIONS DPP-10

1. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid with strong base is equal to 57.2 kJ/mole. But here acetic acid is a weak
acid. Some energy is needed to for its complete ionsiation.

2. Heat evolved in the neutralization of 1 gm eq of strong acid = 57.2 kJ

Here in H2SO4
No. of gram equivalents = no. of moles × valency factor
=1×2
=2
∴ Heat evolved = 2 × 57.2 kJ
= 114.4 kJ

3. Heat of neutralisation between strong acid and a strong base is about –13.7 kCal

4. HCl + NaOH ⎯→ NaCl + H2O

OR
H + OH → H2O ; H = – 55.9 kJ mol–1
+ –
...(i)
HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H2O
OR
HCN + OH → CN + H2O ; H = –12.1 kJ mol–1 ...(ii)
– –

HCN → H+ + CN– ; H = ? …(iii)

eq(iii) = eq(ii) – eq(i)
H = –12.1 –(–55.9) = 43.8 kJ

5. Heat of neutralisation between strong acid and a strong base is about –57.3 kJ.

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 Thermodynamics Part-28

Thermodynamics DPP-11

1. The heat of combustion of C2H4, C2H6 and H2 are –1409.5 kJ, –1558.3 kJ and –285.6 kJ. The heat of
hydrogenation of ethene is -
(1) –136.8 kJ
(2) –13.68 kJ
(3) 273.6 kJ
(4) 1.368 kJ

2. Among the following for which reaction heat of reaction represents bond energy of HCl
(1) HCl(g) ⎯→ H+(g) + Cl–(g)
(2) HCl(g) ⎯→ ½ H2(g) + ½ Cl2(g)
(3) 2HCl(g) ⎯→ H2(g) + Cl2(g)
(4) HCl(g) ⎯→ H(g) + Cl(g)

3. Heat evolved in the reaction H2 + Cl2 ⎯→ 2HCl is 182 kJ. Bond energies of H–H and Cl–Cl are 430 and
242 kJ mol–1 respectively. The H–Cl bond energy is :
(1) 245 kJ mol–1
(2) 427 kJ mol–1
(3) 336 kJ mol–1
(4) 154 kJ mol–1

4. If H2(g) ⎯→ 2H(g) ; H = 104 kCal, than heat of atomisation of hydrogen is :

(1) 52 kCal
(2) 104 kCal
(3) 208 kCal
(4) None of these

5. 2CO(g) + O2(g) ⎯→ 2CO2(g) + X kJ

In the above equation X kJ refers to :
(1) Heat of formation of CO2
(2) Heat of vapourisation
(3) Heat of reaction
(4) Heat of sublimation
6. The magnitude of heat of solution ..... on addition of solvent to solution
(1) Decreases
(2) Increases
(3) Remains constant
(4) Increases or decreases

7. The heat of combustion of yellow phosphorous and red phosphorous are –9.91 kJ and –8.78 kJ
respectively. The heat of transition of yellow phosphorous to red phosphorous is
(1) –18.69 kJ
(2) +1.13 kJ
(3) +18.69 kJ
(4) –1.13 kJ

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 Thermodynamics Part-28

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer 1 4 2 2 3 3 4

SOLUTIONS DPP-11

1. C2H4 + H2 ⎯→ C2H6 ; Hhydrogeneration = ?

H = (Hcomb)R – (Hcomb)P
= [(–1409.5 –285.6) – (–1558.3)]kJ

2. For given reaction

∴ HCl(g) → H(g) + Cl(g)
ΔHrxn = B.E. of HCl(g)

3. H2 + Cl2 ⎯→ 2HCl ; H = – 182 kJ

H = (B.E.)R – (B.E.)P
–182 = (430 + 242) – 2 × (B.E.)H–Cl
 (B.E.)H–Cl = 427 kJ mol–1

4. Enthalpy change on breaking 1 mole of bonds completely to obtain atoms in the gas phase is called heat of
atomisation.
∴ 104 kCal

5. Heat of reaction is the amount of heat that is released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.

6. The magnitude of heat of a solution is independent of amount of solvent.

7. Since the conversion reaction can be written as

P(yellow) → P(red)
ΔH = ΔHcomb(yellow) – ΔHcomb(red)
= [–9.91 – (–8.78)] kJ
ΔH = –1.13 kJ

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