International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, Vol 5, no 9, pp 3383-3386 September 2024

International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews

Fire Alarm System Using Arduino

Mrs. Waje. S. D1, Vaibhav Jagtap2, Adak Sahil 3, Rushikesh Kudnar 4, Thange Sachin5
1,2,3,4,5
Dept. Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, Samarth Polytechnic Belhe

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the design and implementation of a fire alarm system utilizing Arduino technology. The system is engineered to provide early detection of fire
hazards through the integration of smoke and temperature sensors. Upon detecting elevated smoke levels or temperatures, the system activates an alarm and notifies
users through an SMS alert via a GSM module. Additionally, the design incorporates a simple user interface for manual activation and deactivation, enhancing
usability. The prototype demonstrates the effectiveness of microcontroller-based systems in improving safety measures in residential and commercial environments.
The results indicate high sensitivity and reliability, showcasing the potential for widespread application in fire safety management.

Keywords: Sensor, Detector, Controller, Alert Buzzer,

1. Introduction :

Fire safety is a critical aspect of both residential and commercial buildings. Traditional fire alarm systems can be expensive and complex, but
advancements in technology, particularly with microcontrollers like Arduino, offer an accessible and cost-effective solution.

This project aims to design a fire alarm system that utilizes Arduino to detect smoke and heat, providing timely alerts to prevent fire-related incidents.
By integrating sensors such as smoke detectors and temperature sensors with the Arduino platform, we can create a system that not only detects potential
fire hazards but also alerts occupants through alarms or notifications.

The flexibility of Arduino allows for easy modifications and enhancements, making it ideal for educational purposes and DIY enthusiasts. This
introduction outlines the key components and functionality of the system,

1.1 Purpose And Importance

Fire alarm systems are crucial for ensuring safety and preventing fire hazards. They help detect fires early, giving people time to evacuate and minimizing
damage to property. Implementing a fire alarm system can save lives and protect assets, making them an essential part of building safety protocols First
point

1.2 Components of system

1. Arduino uno

2. Smoke sensor

3. Heate sensor

4. Buzzer

5. LED

1.3 Working Principle

The fire alarm system operate through a simple process

1. Detection : smoke or heat sensor continuously monitor the environment. When they detect smoke or elevated temperature, they send signal to Arduino

2. Processing : the Arduino receives these signals and runs a program to determine if an alarm should be triggered

3. Alarm activation: if the readings indicate the fire hazard the Arduino activities the buzzer and LED indicators alerting anyone nearby.
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2. Block diagram

Fig. 1 - fire alarm system using Arduino

2.1 Description :

The diagram depicts a system centered around an Arduino board for detecting gas levels using an MQ2 gas sensor. The system components and their
connections are as follows:

MQ2 Gas Sensor: It detects gases like methane, butane, LPG, and smoke. This sensor is connected to the Arduino, sending input data for gas detection.

Arduino: The central microcontroller processes the data from the gas sensor. Depending on the gas levels detected, it controls various outputs:

OLED Display: Shows relevant information, likely about gas levels or system status.

Green LED: Indicates a safe or normal gas level.

Red LED: Signals a warning or dangerous gas levels.

Buzzer: Provides an audible alarm in case of gas detection exceeding safe thresholds.

Each output is controlled by the Arduino to alert users visually (LEDs, display) and audibly (buzzer) about the

2.2 Advantage:

1. Early Detection of Harmful Gases: The MQ2 sensor can detect gases like methane, propane, and smoke, enabling early warning of potential hazards
such as gas leaks or fires.

2. Visual and Audible Alerts : The system uses both LEDs and a buzzer to notify users. The green LED indicates safety, while the red LED and buzzer
provide a clear warning in case of danger, making it effective even in noisy environments.

3. Real-time Monitoring : The OLED display allows users to monitor gas levels continuously, providing real-time feedback on the environment's safety
status.

4. Cost-effective : Using an Arduino and MQ2 sensor makes the system relatively inexpensive while maintaining good functionality for small-scale
applications, such as homes or small industries.

5. Customizable and Expandable : As it is based on Arduino, the system can easily be customized or expanded with additional sensors, notifications, or
wireless capabilities for more advanced monitoring.

6. Portable and Compact : The components used are lightweight and compact, making it easy to install the system in different locations or integrate it
into existing setups.

7. Energy-efficient : The use of LEDs and an OLED display helps keep power consumption low, making it suitable for long-term use, potentially
on battery power.

2.3 Disadvantage:

1. Limited Gas Detection Range : The MQ2 sensor primarily detects combustible gases like methane, propane, and smoke. It may not be suitable for
detecting other harmful gases such as carbon monoxide or toxic industrial chemicals without additional sensors.

2. Accuracy Issues : Low-cost gas sensors like the MQ2 can sometimes give false positives or inaccurate readings due to environmental factors such as
humidity, temperature, or dust, which may affect the system's reliability.
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3. Lack of Remote Monitoring : In its basic form, the system doesn't include wireless communication, so users need to be physically present to see the
OLED display or hear the buzzer. For remote areas or unattended spaces, this could be a drawback unless additional modules are added.

4. Limited Processing Power : The Arduino may struggle with more complex data processing, multi-tasking, or running other intensive tasks
simultaneously, limiting the system's expandability without a more powerful microcontroller.

5. No Backup Power : Unless specifically integrated, the system would fail during power outages, leaving the environment unmonitored unless a battery
backup is added.

6. Limited User Interaction: The basic system offers little in the way of user interaction or control, like adjusting sensitivity, setting thresholds, or muting
the alarm. Any such customization would require additional hardware or programming.

7. Maintenance Required : Over time, the gas sensor may require calibration or replacement to maintain accuracy. The system might need periodic checks
to ensure it continues to function correctly.

2.4 Application :

1. Home Safety : The system can be used in residential environments to detect gas leaks from cooking appliances, heaters, or other gas-powered devices,
ensuring household safety by preventing fires or explosions.

2. Industrial Safety : It can be employed in industries that use or produce gases, such as chemical plants, oil refineries, or manufacturing units, where
early detection of gas leaks can prevent accidents.

3. Fire Detection : In buildings and commercial spaces, the system can serve as an early warning for fires by detecting smoke and flammable gases,
complementing fire alarm systems.

4. Automotive Applications : This system could be used in vehicles, especially those running on natural gas or LPG, to detect gas leaks in the fuel system
and prevent potential explosions.

5. Mining : Gas sensors are critical in underground mining operations to detect the presence of combustible gases like methane, which can lead to
explosions.

6. Laboratories : Research labs handling volatile chemicals can use the system to monitor air quality and ensure the workspace is free from harmful or
flammable gases.

7. Public Spaces : The system can be installed in public areas such as parking garages, restaurants, or gas stations to monitor for gas leaks and ensure
public safety.

8. Environmental Monitoring: It can be used to monitor air quality in specific areas where pollution or emissions of combustible gases are a concern,
aiding in regulatory compliance and environmental protection.

9. Boiler Rooms: Gas detection in boiler rooms or other equipment rooms is essential for safety, as undetected gas buildup could lead to dangerous
explosions.

10. Agriculture: In farming environments, the system could help monitor for gases like methane produced by livestock, contributing to both safety and
environmental monitoring.

3. Conclusion :

In conclusion, the gas detection system based on an Arduino and an MQ2 sensor provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for detecting harmful
gases in various environments. With its ability to offer real-time monitoring and both visual (LEDs, OLED display) and audible (buzzer) alerts, it enhances
safety by providing early warnings of potential hazards. While the system is limited by factors such as detection range and potential accuracy issues, it
remains highly useful for home, industrial, and public applications. Customization and expandability through the Arduino platform make it adaptable for
more advanced or specialized uses, further increasing its value in safety and environmental monitoring.

4. Acknowledgements :

Acknowledgements and Reference heading should be left justified, bold, with the first letter capitalized but have no numbers. Text below continues as
normal.

5. Rrefrences

References & Resources:

MQ-2 Smoke Sensor Datasheet - Provides information on the working and calibration of the sensor.
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MQ-2 Gas Sensor Datasheet

Arduino Official Documentation - Detailed guides and tutorials on setting up and using various sensors and components with Arduino.

Arduino Documentation

DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Guide:

DHT11 Arduino Tutorial

This setup can be expanded with more features like integrating a GSM module, IoT platform, or cloud integration for remote monitoring.