All About-

“TYPES OF TESTING”

Subject: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Prof. Prachi Sasankar.
Sadabai Raisoni Women’s College.
Nagpur
 Software Testing
• Software testing is a process of executing a program or
application with the intent of finding the software bugs.
• It can also be stated as the process
of validating and verifying that a software program or
application or product.
• Meets the business and technical requirements that guided it’s
design and development
• Works as expected.
• Can be implemented with the same characteristic.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

Software Testing -continued

Software testing is very important because of the following

reasons:
• Software testing is really required to point out the defects
and errors that were made during the development
phases.
• It’s essential since it makes sure of the Customer’s
reliability and their satisfaction in the application.
• It is very important to ensure the Quality of the
product. Quality product delivered to the customers helps
in gaining their confidence. Testing is required for an
effective performance of software application or product.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

• It’s important to ensure that the application should not
result into any failures because it can be very expensive
in the future or in the later stages of the development.
• It’s required to stay in the business

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

Software Testing has different goals and objectives
• Finding defects which may get created by the programmer
while developing the software.
• Gaining confidence in and providing information about the
level of quality.
• To prevent defects.
• To make sure that the end result meets the business and user
requirements.
• To ensure that it satisfies the BRS that is Business
Requirement Specification and SRS that is System
Requirement Specifications
• To gain the confidence of the customers by providing them a
quality product.
Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V
 Software Testing

Types of Testing
1. Manual Testing
2. Automation Testing

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Manual Testing
• Manual testing includes testing a software manually, i.e., without using
any automated tool or any script.
• In this type, the tester takes over the role of an end-user and tests the
software to identify any unexpected behaviour or bug.
There are different stages for manual testing
• Unit testing
• Integration testing
• System testing
• User acceptance testing.
Testers use test plans, test cases, or test scenarios to test a software to
ensure the completeness of testing. Manual testing also includes
exploratory testing, as testers explore the software to identify errors in it.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Automation Testing
• Automation testing, which is also known as Test Automation, is
when the tester writes scripts and uses another software to
test the product.
• This process involves automation of a manual process.
• Automation Testing is used to re-run the test scenarios that
were performed manually, quickly, and repeatedly.
• automation testing is also used to test the application from
load, performance, and stress point of view.
• It increases the test coverage, improves accuracy, and saves
time and money in comparison to manual testing.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Automation Testing
When to Automate?
Test Automation should be used by considering the following aspects of a
software:
• Large and critical projects
• Projects that require testing the same areas frequently
• Requirements not changing frequently
• Accessing the application for load and performance with many virtual
users
• Stable software with respect to manual testing
• Availability of time

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Testing - Methods

• Black-Box Testing
• White-Box Testing
• Grey-Box Testing

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Black Box Testing
• The technique of testing without having any knowledge of the
interior workings of the application is called black-box testing.
• The tester is oblivious to the system architecture and does not
have access to the source code.
• Typically, while performing a black-box test, a tester will
interact with the system's user interface by providing inputs
and examining outputs without knowing how and where the
inputs are worked upon.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

White-Box Testing
• White-box testing is the detailed investigation of internal logic
and structure of the code.
• White-box testing is also called glass testing or open-box
testing. In order to perform white-box testing on an
application, a tester needs to know the internal workings of
the code.
• The tester needs to have a look inside the source code and find
out which unit/chunk of the code is behaving inappropriately.
• The following table lists the advantages and disadvantages of
white-box testing.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Grey-Box Testing
• Grey-box testing is a technique to test the application with
having a limited knowledge of the internal workings of an
application.
• In software testing, the phrase the more you know, the
better carries a lot of weight while testing an application.
• Mastering the domain of a system always gives the tester an
edge over someone with limited domain knowledge.
• Unlike black-box testing, where the tester only tests the
application's user interface; in grey-box testing, the tester
has access to design documents and the database.
• Having this knowledge, a tester can prepare better test data
and test scenarios while making a test plan.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Testing - Levels
Levels of testing include different methodologies that can
be used while conducting software testing.
The main levels of software testing are:
• Functional Testing
• Non-functional Testing

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Functional Testing
Different types of functional testing
• Unit Testing
• Integration Testing
• System Testing
• Regression Testing
• Acceptance Testing
• Alpha Testing
• Beta Testing

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Unit Testing
• Testing is performed by developers before the setup is handed over to the
testing team to formally execute the test cases.
• Unit testing is performed by the respective developers on the individual units
of source code assigned areas.
• The developers use test data that is different from the test data of the
quality assurance team.
• The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and show that
individual parts are correct in terms of requirements and functionality.

Limitations of Unit Testing

• There is a limit to the number of scenarios and test data that a developer can
use to verify a source code.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

Integration Testing
• Integration testing is defined as the testing of combined parts
of an application to determine if they function correctly.
• Integration testing can be done in two ways: Bottom-up
integration testing and Top-down integration testing.
• In a comprehensive software development environment,
bottom-up testing is usually done first, followed by top-down
testing.
• The process concludes with multiple tests of the complete
application, preferably in scenarios designed to mimic actual
situations.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 System Testing
• System testing tests the system as a whole.
• Once all the components are integrated, the application
as a whole is tested rigorously to see that it meets the
specified Quality Standards.
• This type of testing is performed by a specialized testing
team.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 System Testing

System testing is important because of the following reasons

• System testing is the first step in the Software Development
Life Cycle, where the application is tested as a whole.
• The application is tested thoroughly to verify that it meets the
functional and technical specifications.
• The application is tested in an environment that is very close to
the production environment where the application will be
deployed.
• System testing enables us to test, verify, and validate both the
business requirements as well as the application architecture.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Regression Testing
• Whenever a change in a software application is made, it is
quite possible that other areas within the application have
been affected by this change.
• Regression testing is performed to verify that a fixed bug
hasn't resulted in another functionality or business rule
violation.
• The intent of regression testing is to ensure that a change,
such as a bug fix should not result in another fault being
uncovered in the application.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Regression Testing
Regression testing is important because of the following
reasons
• Minimize the gaps in testing when an application with changes
made has to be tested.
• Testing the new changes to verify that the changes made did
not affect any other area of the application.
• Mitigates risks when regression testing is performed on the
application.
• Test coverage is increased without compromising timelines.
• Increase speed to market the product.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Acceptance Testing
• The most important type of testing, as it is conducted by
the Quality Assurance Team who will gauge whether the
application meets the intended specifications and
satisfies the client’s requirement.
• The QA team will have a set of pre-written scenarios and
test cases that will be used to test the application.
• By performing acceptance tests on an application, the
testing team will deduce how the application will perform
in production.
• There are also legal and contractual requirements for
acceptance of the system.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

Alpha Testing
• The first stage of testing and will be performed amongst the
teams (developer and QA teams).
• Unit testing, integration testing and system testing when
combined together is known as alpha testing.

The aspects tested in the application

• Spelling Mistakes
• Broken Links
• Cloudy Directions
• The Application will be tested on machines with the lowest
specification to test loading times and any latency problems.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Beta Testing
• Performed after alpha testing has been successfully
performed.
• In beta testing, a sample of the intended audience tests
the application.
• Beta testing is also known as pre-release testing.
• Beta test versions of software are ideally distributed to a
wide audience on the Web, partly to give the program a
"real-world" test and partly to provide a preview of the
next release.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Beta Testing
In this phase, the audience will be testing the following:
• Users will install, run the application and send their feedback
to the project team.
• Typographical errors, confusing application flow, and even
crashes.
• Getting the feedback, the project team can fix the problems
before releasing the software to the actual users.
• The more issues you fix that solve real user problems, the
higher the quality of your application will be.
• Having a higher-quality application when you release it to the
general public will increase customer satisfaction.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Non-Functional Testing
• Testing an application from its non-functional attributes.
• Non-functional testing involves testing a software from
the requirements which are non-functional in nature.

Types of non functional testing

• Performance Testing
• Load Testing
• Stress Testing
• Usability Testing

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Performance Testing
• It is mostly used to identify any bottlenecks or performance issues rather
than finding bugs in a software.
• Performance testing can be either qualitative or quantitative and can be
divided into different sub-types such as Load testing and Stress testing.

There are different causes that contribute in lowering the performance of a

software:
• Network delay
• Client-side processing
• Database transaction processing
• Load balancing between servers
• Data rendering

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

Load Testing
• Testing the behaviour of a software by applying
maximum load in terms of software accessing and
manipulating large input data.
• It can be done at both normal and peak load conditions.
• This type of testing identifies the maximum capacity of
software and its behaviour at peak time.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

Stress Testing

• Stress testing includes testing the behaviour of a software under abnormal

conditions.
• For example, it may include taking away some resources or applying a load
beyond the actual load limit.
• The aim of stress testing is to test the software by applying the load to the
system and taking over the resources used by the software to identify the
breaking point.
Stress testing can be performed by testing different scenarios such as:
• Shutdown or restart of network ports randomly
• Turning the database on or off
• Running different processes that consume resources such as CPU, memory,
server, etc.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

Portability Testing

• Portability testing includes testing a software with the aim to ensure its
reusability and that it can be moved from another software as well.

Following are the strategies that can be used for portability testing:
• Transferring an installed software from one computer to another.
• Building executable (.exe) to run the software on different platforms.
• Portability testing can be considered as one of the sub-parts of system
testing, as this testing type includes overall testing of a software with respect
to its usage over different environments.
• Computer hardware, operating systems, and browsers are the major focus
of portability testing.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Portability Testing
Some of the pre-conditions for portability testing are as
follows:
• Software should be designed and coded, keeping in mind the
portability requirements.
• Unit testing has been performed on the associated
components.
• Integration testing has been performed.
• Test environment has been established.

Prof. Prachi Sasankar SOFTWARE TESTING TY-IT-Sem -V

 Thank You.

• Next Topic : “All About –Test Cases”