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CH 01

The document provides an introduction to Pattern Recognition (PR) and its significance in machine intelligence systems, including applications like machine vision and speech recognition. It discusses the relationship between PR and Machine Learning (ML), highlighting their origins and differences. Additionally, it outlines the PR process, classification systems, and various types of PR approaches such as supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning.

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sumirantamu
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6 views22 pages

CH 01

The document provides an introduction to Pattern Recognition (PR) and its significance in machine intelligence systems, including applications like machine vision and speech recognition. It discusses the relationship between PR and Machine Learning (ML), highlighting their origins and differences. Additionally, it outlines the PR process, classification systems, and various types of PR approaches such as supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning.

Uploaded by

sumirantamu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Aum Sri Sai Ram

Introduction to Pattern
Recognition

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Praying to Our Lord Sri Satya Sai Baba for His Blessings
Sergios Theodoridis
Konstantinos Koutroumbas

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Course Details

Coverage

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Prerequisite
Linear algebra
Probability & Statistics
Optimization

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What is a Pattern?
“A pattern is the opposite of chaos; it is an
entity vaguely defined, that could be given
a name.”

A pattern is an abstract object, such as a


set of measurements describing a physical
object.

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Examples of patterns

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Pattern Recognition (PR)
definitions

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Example problem

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Why PR?
 PR is an integral part of Machine intelligence systems:
 Machine vision
 Character recognition (OCR)
 Computer aided diagnosis
 Speech recognition
 Face recognition
 Biometrics
 Image Data Base retrieval
 Data mining
 Bionformatics

 The task: Assign unknown objects – patterns – into the correct


class. This is known as classification.

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Role of Machine Learning(ML)
 Principled way of building high performance
information processing systems
 ML vs PR
 ML has origins in Computer Science
 PR has origins in Engineering
 They are different facets of the same field
 Language Related Technologies
 IR, NLP, ASR
 Human perform them well
 Difficult to specify algorithm for these

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What is ML?
 Programming computers to use example data or past
experience
 Well-Posed Learning Problems
– A computer program is said to learn from
experience E
– with respect to class of tasks T and performance
measure P,
– if its performance at tasks T, as measured by P,
improves with experience E

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Features & Classifer
 Features: These are measurable quantities obtained from
the patterns, and the classification task is based on their
respective values.

Feature vectors: A number of features


x1 ,..., xl ,
constitute the feature vector
x  x1 ,..., xl   R l
T

Feature vectors are treated as random vectors.


The classifier consists of a set of functions, whose values,
computed at x , determine the class to which the
corresponding pattern belongs
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An example:

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PR process

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 Classification system overview

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Decision Boundary

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Supervised – Unsupervised and Semi-supervised PR

The major directions


 Supervised: Patterns whose class is known a-priori
are used for training.
 Unsupervised/Clustering: The number of classes is
(in general) unknown and no training patterns of
known class labels are available.
 Semi-supervised: A set of patterns of unknown class
along with training patterns of known classes.

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Supervised PR

Classifier

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Unsupervised PR

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Semi-supervised PR

Classifier

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Summary
What is PR & ML?
Why PR?
PR VS ML
PR System steps
Types of PR/ML

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