Mock HMMT February 2018

February 10, 2018

Geometry

1. Four points, A, B, C, D lie on a circle in that order such that AC and BD are perpendicular and intersect at a
point P. If AB = 5, AC = 10, BD = 11, and the distances from P to the four points are all positive integers, what
is the area of quadrilateral ABCD?

2. △HOG is an equilateral triangle with side length 3. Points A, B, and C are constructed such that point H is the
orthocenter of △AOG, point O is the circumcenter of △BGH, and point G is the centroid of △CHO. Determine
the maximum possible area of triangle ABC.

3. Let ABC be an acute angled triangle with altitudes from B and C meeting sides AC and AB at points E and F
respectively. Let points O and M denote the circumcenter of ABC and the midpoint of side BC. If AE = 3,
AF = 4, and ∠A = 60◦ , compute OM.

4. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral with the property that the diagonal BD bisects angle ∠ABC. If ∠BAD = 100◦ ,
∠ADB = 20◦ , and ∠BDC = 80◦ , then what is ∠ACD?

5. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle with side length 4, and circumcircle Γ. The midpoints of sides AB and BC
are denoted by M1 and M2 respectively. Let points O and I denote the circumcenters of triangles △M1 BM2 and
△ABC respectively. The line M1 O is extended to meet BC and Γ at points P and Q. A point D is defined as the
midpoint of P C. Find the area of quadrilateral BIDQ.

6. Let ABC be a triangle with AB = 3, AC = 8, BC = 7 and let γ denote the incircle of ABC. Circle γ is tangent
to sides BC, AC, AB at points D, E, F respectively. Let point M denote the midpoint of EF and let point P


AP 2
denote the second intersection of line AD with γ. Compute the value of AM .

7. △ABC is a triangle with AB = 5, AC = 8, and BC = 7. The angle bisectors of angles ∠ABC and ∠ACB meet
sides AC and AB at points D and E respectively. Let ωB and ωC denote the circumcircles of triangles △ABD and
△ACE respectively. The two circles intersect at two distinct points; A, and F. If CE and AF intersect at a point
P, then compute AP 2 .

8. Two circles are orthogonal if they intersect at a right angle. For example, if the two circles centered at C1 , and
C2 intersect at a point T, and ∠C1 T C2 = 90◦ , then the circles are said to be orthogonal.
Orthogonal circles ωA , and ωB are centered at points A, B, and have radii of 5 and 12 respectively. The common
chord of ωA and ωB is extended to meet the common external tangents of the two circles at distinct points P and
Q. What is the length of P Q?

9. Circle ω is internally tangent to circle Ω at point A. A tangent to circle ω at a point D meets Ω at points B and
C, such that AB = 28, AC = 35, and BC = 54. Find the length AD2 .

10. Let △ABC be a triangle with AB = 5, AC = 8, and ∠BAC = 60◦ . The A − mixtilinear incircle ΩA is defined
as tangent to sides AB, AC and the circumcircle Γ of △ABC, and the B − mixtilinear incircle ΩB is defined
similarly. Suppose ΩA is tangent to AB at A1 , and AC at B1 , while ΩB is tangent to BC at A2 and AB at B2 . Let
a point M denote the intersection of A1 A2 and B1 B2 , and let point E denote the projection of M onto side AB. If
O denotes the center of Γ, and T the midpoint of side AC, then what is the area of quadrilateral AEOT ?

10. Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter O and side lengths AB = 8, AC = 9, BC = 10. The circumcircle of
△BOC intersects AB at a point P different from B, and AC at a point Q different from C. The line through P
parallel to AC intersects the line through Q parallel to AB at a point N. Let AN intersect side BC at a point X.
Find BX.

11. Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and circumcircle Γ. Tangents to Γ at points A and C meet at
a point D. The line BD intersects Γ for a second time at point E, and CE intersects AD at point F. The line F B
intersects Γ at point G. Prove that points D, F, G, C are concyclic.
12. Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. If the altitudes from B and C intersect the A-midline on the
circumcircle of △ABC, compute AB AC .

Mock HMMT February 2018

February 10, 2018
Geometry

1. Four points, A, B, C, D lie on a circle in that order such that AC and BD are perpendicular and intersect at a
point P. If AB = 5, AC = 10, BD = 11, and the distances from P to the four points are all positive integers, what
is the area of quadrilateral ABCD?
Answer: 55
From the definition, △ABP is a right triangle with hypotenuse 5 and integer side lengths. The only possible
triangle satisfying these properties has side lengths 3, 4, 5. Additionally, from from power of a point, there is the
condition P A · P C = P B · P D. Casework on AP and BP yields that BP = 4 does not satisfy the condition, and
we are left with AP = 4, BP = 3 =⇒ CP = 6, DP = 8. So, we compute the area of ABCD as
[AP B] + [BP C] + [CP D] + [DP A] = 3·4 6·3 6·8 8·4
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 55.

2. △HOG is an equilateral triangle with side length 3. Points A, B, and C are constructed such that point H is the
orthocenter of △AOG, point O is the circumcenter of △BGH, and point G is the centroid of △CHO. Determine
the maximum possible area of triangle ABC.
√
Answer: 9 + 3 3
Point A is the intersection of a line through G perpendicular to HO and a line through O perpendicular to HG,
thus A is the center of △HOG. The locus for point B is clearly just the circle centered at O with radii OH, OG.
From the midline theorem,
√ point
√ C is defined such
√ that CG ⊥ HO, and CG = 2GM where M is the midpoint of
OH. Thus, AG = 3, GC = 3 3 =⇒ AC√= 4 3. We wish to maximize AB which occurs when A, O, B are
collinear. When B lies on AO, AB = 3 + 3, and ∠BAC = 120◦ . Using 21 ab sin C in order to find [ABC], we get
1
√ √ √
2 (4 3)(3 + 3) sin(120◦ ) = 9 + 3 3.

3. Let ABC be an acute angled triangle with altitudes from B and C meeting sides AC and AB at points E and F
respectively. Let points O and M denote the circumcenter of ABC and the midpoint of side BC. If AE = 3,
AF = 4, and ∠A = 60◦ , compute OM.
√
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Answer:
3
Let H = BE ∩ CF . It is clear that O is the orthocenter of the medial triangle of ABC, which is similar to ABC
with dilation factor 12 . Thus, 2OM = AH. So, it suffices to find AH
2 . By the law of cosines on △AEF,
√
EF 2 = 32 + 42 √− 2(3)(4) cos(60◦ ) = 13. √AF HE is a cyclic
√
quadrilateral with diameter AH, and thus, by extended
13 2 39 39
law of sines, sin(60 ◦) = AH =⇒ AH = 3 , and OM = 3 .

4. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral with the property that the diagonal BD bisects angle ∠ABC. If ∠BAD = 100◦ ,
∠ADB = 20◦ , and ∠BDC = 80◦ , then what is ∠ACD?
Answer: 30◦
First, note that ∠ABD = ∠DBC = 60◦ . Then, extend lines AB, AD to points E and F. We have
∠EBC = 180◦ − 60◦ − 60◦ = 60◦ , and ∠F DC = 180◦ − 20◦ − 80◦ = 80◦ . The key observation is that since CD and
BC are external angle bisectors of △ABD, point C is the A-excenter of △ABD. Thus, AC bisects angle ∠BAD,
so ∠DAC = ∠BAC = 50◦ . Considering triangle ADC, we easily see that ∠ACD = 180◦ − 50◦ − 100◦ = 30◦ .

5. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle with side length 4, and circumcircle Γ. The midpoints of sides AB and BC
are denoted by M1 and M2 respectively. Let points O and I denote the circumcenters of triangles △M1 BM2 and
△ABC respectively. The line M1 O is extended to meet BC and Γ at points P and Q. A point D is defined as the
midpoint of P C. Find the area of quadrilateral BIDQ.
√
5 39
Answer:
12
√
Notice that M1 P = 3, BP = 1, P C = 3, BD = 52 . Extend P Q to meet Γ at a point R. Let P Q = x, M1 R = y.

2
Now, we take power
√ of points P and M1 .
P owΓ P = x(y + √ 3) = 3
P owΓ M1 = y(x + 3) = 4
Now, we
√ can solve the system of equations for x and y.
xy + y √3 = 4
xy + x 3 = 3
√ √ √ √
y 3 − x 3 = 1 =⇒ y − x = 33 . Substituting y = x + 3
3 , we get x2 + 4x
√
3
− 3 = 0. The positive solution for x is
√ √ √
39−2 3 IM2 ·BD+P Q·BD 5 39
3 . Notice that as IM2 k P Q ⊥ BD, we can solve for [BIDQ] as [BID] + [BQD] = 2 = 12 .

6. Let ABC be a triangle with AB = 3, AC = 8, BC = 7 and let γ denote the incircle of ABC. Circle γ is tangent
to sides BC, AC, AB at points D, E, F respectively. Let point M denote the midpoint of EF and let point P


AP 2
denote the second intersection of line AD with γ. Compute the value of AM .
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Answer:
57
p √
Firstly, from the law of cosines, ∠A = 60◦ . Using Heron’s
√
formula, the area of ABC is (9)(1)(2)(6) = 6 3. Using
the formula sr = K, we get that r or the inradius is 2 3 3 . Notice that AIE and AIF are congruent 30-60-90 right
triangles. Thus, AE = AF = 3, and by equidistant tangents to γ, BF = BD = q 1, CD = CE = 6. So, by Stewart’s
76
theorem on cevian AD, we get (1)(6)(7) + 7(AD)2 = 82 (1) + 32 (6) =⇒ AD = 7 . Also note that as M is
equidistant from sides AB, AC, points A, I, M are collinear. From similar side ratios created by altitude M E in
right triangle AIE, we get that AM · AI = AE 2 . Additionally, since AE is tangent to γ, from power of a point,
AP AI
AP · AD = AE 2 . So, AP · AD = AM · AI, and AM = AD . From the ratios in a 30-60-90 right triangle, we get
√
4 3


AI 2 28
AI = 3 . Thus, AD = 57 .

7. △ABC is a triangle with AB = 5, AC = 8, and BC = 7. The angle bisectors of angles ∠ABC and ∠ACB meet
sides AC and AB at points D and E respectively. Let ωB and ωC denote the circumcircles of triangles △ABD and
△ACE respectively. The two circles intersect at two distinct points; A, and F. If CE and AF intersect at a point
P, then compute AP 2 .
64
Answer:
7
By using law of cosines, we can see that cos(∠BAC) = 21 =⇒ ∠BAC = 60◦ . Let ωB inersect side BC at point X.
We claim that quadrilateral AEXC is cyclic, which would imply that ωB and ωC intersect on BC and point X is
point F. Note that in order for the claim to be true, ∠DAX = ∠DBX = ∠ABD = ∠B 2 , and in a similar way,
∠EAX = ∠ECX = ∠ACE = ∠C . Thus, ∠A = ∠B+∠C
, which could imply that the sum of the angles in the
2
∠B+∠C
2
∠B+∠C

◦ ∠B+∠C ◦
triangle can be expressed as ∠B + ∠C + 2 =3 2 = 180 , =⇒ 2 = 60 . Thus, for any triangle
with top angle 60◦ , the property holds, and we know that the two circumcircles intersect on BC and B, F, C are
collinear. Therefore, we have AEF C is a cyclic quadrilateral. From AA similarity, we see that △CEA ∼ △AEP.
8 7
Thus, from similar side ratios, AE CE
AP = AC . By the angle bisector theorem, we have AE = 5−AE . Solving for AE, we
8
get 3 =⇒ BE = 3 . Then, we use Stewart’s theorem on cevian CE. ( 3 )( 3 )(5) + 5CE 2 = 82 ( 73 ) + 72 ( 38 ). Solving for
7 8 7
√
√ 8 7 8
8 7 √8 64
CE we get 3 , so substituting lengths into our ratio, we get 3
8 = 3
AP =⇒ AP = 7
=⇒ AP 2 = 7 .

8. Two circles are orthogonal if they intersect at a right angle. For example, if the two circles centered at C1 , and
C2 intersect at a point T, and ∠C1 T C2 = 90◦ , then the circles are said to be orthogonal.
Orthogonal circles ωA , and ωB are centered at points A, B, and have radii of 5 and 12 respectively. The common
chord of ωA and ωB is extended to meet the common external tangents of the two circles at distinct points P and
Q. What is the length of P Q?
√
34 30
Answer:
13
Let one of the external tangents intersect ωA and ωB at points X and Y respectively, and let the common chord
intersect the two circles at point T closest to line M N . Construct a point U on BN such that AU k M N. As the
circles are orthogonal, we have ∠AT B = 90◦ =⇒ AB = √ 13. Note that √
AM N U is a rectangle, and√thus BU = 7.
Using the Pythagorean theorem on △ABU yields AU = 132 − 72 = 2 30. Thus, AU = M N = 2 30. The key
observation is that the common chord of the circles is their√ radical axis, and thus, P, Q lie on the radical axis. So,
P owωA P = P owωB P = P M 2 = P N 2 =⇒ P M = P N = 30. Let point V = P T ∩ AB. Clearly, △T AV ∼△BAT,

3
so, using similar side ratios, we get that T V = 60
13 . Therefore, the common√chord of ωA and ωB has length 13 .
120

Then, letting P T = x and taking power of point P, we get x(x + 120 2

13 ) = ( 30) . Solving for positive x gives the
√ √
17 30−60 120 34 30
unique solution of x = 13 . Thus, P Q = 2x + 13 = 13 .

9. Circle ω is internally tangent to circle Ω at point A. A tangent to circle ω at a point D meets Ω at points B and
C, such that AB = 28, AC = 35, and BC = 54. Find the length AD2 .
Answer: 260
Let AB and AC intersect ω at points M and N respectively. As ω and Ω are internally tangent, there exists a
homothety centered at A bringing ω to Ω. Notice that this homothety also brings M to B and N to C, with
dilation factors of AM AN AM AN
AB and AC in either case. Thus AB = AC , implying that M N k BC. Thus ∠M DB = ∠DM N .
We let this angle equal θ. As they are both subtended by arc N dD, we have ∠N M D = ∠N AD = θ. Now, notice
that power of point B gives us BM · BA = BD as BC is tangent to ω. Thus, BM
2 AB
BD = BD , so, using this and the
fact that ∠ABD is shared, we get that △BM D ∼△BDA. Thus, ∠BAD = ∠M DB = θ, and we get that AD is an
angle bisector. From the angle bisector theorem, we get BD = 24, CD = 30. We finish the problem by using
Stewart’s theorem to solve for AD2 , getting a final answer of 260.

10. Let △ABC be a triangle with AB = 5, AC = 8, and ∠BAC = 60◦ . The A − mixtilinear incircle ΩA is defined
as tangent to sides AB, AC and the circumcircle Γ of △ABC, and the B − mixtilinear incircle ΩB is defined
similarly. Suppose ΩA is tangent to AB at A1 , and AC at B1 , while ΩB is tangent to BC at A2 and AB at B2 . Let
a point M denote the intersection of A1 A2 and B1 B2 , and let point E denote the projection of M onto side AB. If
O denotes the center of Γ, and T the midpoint of side AC, then what is the area of quadrilateral AEOT ?
√
41 3
Answer:
12
Firstly, applying law of cosines gives us BC = 7. The key observation is that point M is the incenter of △ABC.
This can be seen from the curvilinear incircle lemma, which states that A1 , I, B1 are collinear which by symmetry
also applies to A2 , B2 .
Proof: If we let M ′ denote the incenter of △ABC, and let AM ′ intersect Γ for a second time at point K, we see
that as the triangles are oppositely ortiented, △KB2 M ′ ∼△M ′ A2 C. The similarity gives us M M ′2 = KB2 · KL
where L denotes the tangency point of ΩB and Γ. However, we also have KB2 · KL = KB 2 = KC 2 from the
original lemma. Then, the incenter-excenter lemma finishes the proof.

So, we have that M is the incenter, and as M E ⊥ AB, we have that M E is an inradius and incidentally, E is the
point of tangency of the incircle with side AB. We see that the quadrilateral AEOT can be broken up into shapes
whose areas are easier to compute. Specifically, [AEOT ] = [AOE] + [AOT ].

• Computing the area of △AOE. Construct a point F on AE such that OF ⊥ AE. Notice that F lies on the
perpendicular bisector of AB and thus F is the midpoint, so AF = 52 . Then, by the Pythagorean theorem on
r
√ 2
2 √
7 3
△AOF, we have OT = 3 − 25 = 116 3 . Also, direct computation yields AE = 3. So, we have the base
√
√
AE·OF 3· 116 3
11 3
and the O-altitude, thus [AOE] = 2 = 2 = 4 .

• Computing the
rarea of △AOT. As T is the midpoint of AC, OT ⊥ AC, and by the Pythagorean theorem on
√
√ 2 √ 3 √
7 3 ·4
△OT C, OT = 3 − 42 = 33 . So, [AOT ] = OT2·AT = 32 = 2 3 3 .

√ √ √
11 3 2 3 41 3
Thus, [AEOT ] = [AOE] + [AOT ] = 4 + 3 = 12 .

5. Acute angled triangle ABC has angle bisector AD and altitude AH. The perpendiculars from D onto AB and
AC meet the two sides at points E and F respectively. If AB = 6, AF = 4, BH = 3, and BH < HD, then what is
the length of CD?

Lemma: AH, CE, BF are concurrent.

From Ceva’s theorem, the desired result is AE · BH · CF = EB · CH · AF.
Note that as AD is the angle bisector, angles ∠AED,∠AF D are both right, and AD is shared, we have
△AED ∼ =△AF D by AAS. Therefore, AE = AF and it suffices to show that BH · CF = EB · CH or BH EB =
CH
CF .

4
Claim: Points A, E, F, G, F all lie on one circle ω.
Proof: As ∠AED+∠AF D = 180◦ , AEDF is a cyclic quadrilateral. In a similar way, because
∠AHD+∠AF D = 180◦ , AHDF is also a cyclic quadrilateral. As the two quadrilaterals share three points which
uniquely define a circle, we get that the circumcircles of each are the same, and as a result the five points are
indeed concyclic. We proceed to use power of a point in order to finish the claim
P owω B : BH · BD = BE · AB =⇒ BH AB
BE = BD .
CH AC
P owω C : CD · CH = CF · CA =⇒ CF = CD .
AB AC
So, we have reduced the lemma to showing that BD = CD which is clearly true by the angle bisector theorem. 
By the power of a point equation, we get HD = 1.
We proceed by letting CH = x, CF = y. From the Ceva’s relationship, we see that 2x = 3y. So, let √
CF = 3a, CF = 2a. From the Pythagorean theorem on right triangle ABH, we see that AH √ = 3 3. Then, we use
the Pythagorean theorem again on right triangle AHC. We solve the equation (3a)2 + (3 3)2 = (4 + 2a)2 . Solving
for a, we get solutions of 1 and 11 33
5 implying that CD has solutions of 3, and 5 . However, if CD was 3, then D and
H would be the same point which is a contradiction as we already have HD = 1. Thus, CD = 33 5 −1= 5 .
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