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DBMS

This document provides a comprehensive list of short questions and answers related to Database Management Systems (DBMS), covering topics such as DBMS types, database models, SQL commands, normalization, keys, transactions, indexing, joins, views, data integrity, backup and recovery, and NoSQL databases. Each section includes key definitions and differences, ensuring a thorough understanding of DBMS concepts. It serves as a useful resource for anyone looking to enhance their knowledge of database management.

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4 views

DBMS

This document provides a comprehensive list of short questions and answers related to Database Management Systems (DBMS), covering topics such as DBMS types, database models, SQL commands, normalization, keys, transactions, indexing, joins, views, data integrity, backup and recovery, and NoSQL databases. Each section includes key definitions and differences, ensuring a thorough understanding of DBMS concepts. It serves as a useful resource for anyone looking to enhance their knowledge of database management.

Uploaded by

ridmoon40318
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here's a comprehensive list of **DBMS (Database Management System)** short

questions from all major topics, along with their answers:

---

### 📌 **1. Introduction to DBMS**


**Q1:** What is a DBMS?
**A:** DBMS (Database Management System) is software that manages and controls
access to a database, allowing users to store, retrieve, update, and manage data
efficiently.

**Q2:** What are the types of DBMS?


**A:**
1. Hierarchical DBMS
2. Network DBMS
3. Relational DBMS (RDBMS)
4. Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS)

**Q3:** What is the difference between DBMS and RDBMS?


**A:**
- **DBMS:** Stores data as files, lacks relationships between tables.
- **RDBMS:** Stores data in tables with relationships using keys (e.g., MySQL,
Oracle).

---

### 📌 **2. Database Models**


**Q4:** What is a relational model?
**A:** It organizes data into tables (relations) with rows (tuples) and columns
(attributes), using primary keys to ensure uniqueness.

**Q5:** What is the difference between hierarchical and network models?


**A:**
- **Hierarchical Model:** Data is organized in a tree structure.
- **Network Model:** Data is organized using a graph, allowing many-to-many
relationships.

---

### 📌 **3. SQL (Structured Query Language)**


**Q6:** What are the different types of SQL commands?
**A:**
1. **DDL (Data Definition Language):** CREATE, ALTER, DROP
2. **DML (Data Manipulation Language):** INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
3. **DCL (Data Control Language):** GRANT, REVOKE
4. **TCL (Transaction Control Language):** COMMIT, ROLLBACK

**Q7:** What is a primary key?


**A:** A primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a table. It cannot
have NULL values.

**Q8:** What is the difference between DELETE, TRUNCATE, and DROP?


**A:**
- **DELETE:** Removes specific records, can be rolled back.
- **TRUNCATE:** Removes all records without logging, cannot be rolled back.
- **DROP:** Deletes the entire table from the database.

---
### 📌 **4. Normalization**
**Q9:** What is normalization?
**A:** Normalization is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and
improve data integrity.

**Q10:** What are the normal forms in DBMS?


**A:**
1. **1NF:** Each cell contains atomic values.
2. **2NF:** 1NF + No partial dependencies.
3. **3NF:** 2NF + No transitive dependencies.
4. **BCNF:** Stronger version of 3NF.

---

### 📌 **5. Keys in DBMS**


**Q11:** What are the different types of keys?
**A:**
1. **Primary Key:** Unique and not null.
2. **Foreign Key:** References primary key of another table.
3. **Candidate Key:** Eligible to be a primary key.
4. **Composite Key:** Multiple columns forming a key.
5. **Super Key:** Set of attributes that uniquely identify rows.

---

### 📌 **6. Transactions and Concurrency Control**


**Q12:** What is a database transaction?
**A:** A transaction is a sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit
of work.

**Q13:** Explain ACID properties.


**A:**
1. **Atomicity:** All or nothing execution.
2. **Consistency:** Maintains database integrity.
3. **Isolation:** Transactions are independent.
4. **Durability:** Data is permanent after commit.

**Q14:** What is a deadlock?


**A:** A deadlock occurs when two or more transactions wait for each other to
release resources indefinitely.

---

### 📌 **7. Indexing**


**Q15:** What is an index in DBMS?
**A:** An index is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval
operations on a database table.

**Q16:** What are the types of indexing?


**A:**
1. **Primary Index** – Built on primary key.
2. **Secondary Index** – Built on non-primary columns.
3. **Clustered Index** – Rearranges table rows.
4. **Non-Clustered Index** – Stores pointers to data.

---

### 📌 **8. Joins in DBMS**


**Q17:** What is a join in SQL?
**A:** A join is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related
column.

**Q18:** List different types of joins.


**A:**
1. **INNER JOIN** – Matching records only.
2. **LEFT JOIN** – All records from left table.
3. **RIGHT JOIN** – All records from right table.
4. **FULL OUTER JOIN** – All records from both tables.
5. **SELF JOIN** – Join a table with itself.

---

### 📌 **9. Views and Stored Procedures**


**Q19:** What is a view?
**A:** A view is a virtual table based on the result of a SQL query.

**Q20:** What is a stored procedure?


**A:** A stored procedure is a precompiled collection of SQL statements stored in
the database for reuse.

---

### 📌 **10. Data Integrity and Constraints**


**Q21:** What are constraints in DBMS?
**A:** Constraints enforce rules on data. Examples include:
- NOT NULL
- UNIQUE
- PRIMARY KEY
- FOREIGN KEY
- CHECK

**Q22:** What is referential integrity?


**A:** Referential integrity ensures that a foreign key must match a primary key in
another table.

---

### 📌 **11. Backup and Recovery**


**Q23:** What is database backup?
**A:** A database backup is a copy of the database used to restore data in case of
failure.

**Q24:** What are the types of database recovery?


**A:**
1. **Full Recovery** – Restores the entire database.
2. **Differential Recovery** – Restores data changes since last full backup.
3. **Incremental Recovery** – Restores data changes since the last backup (of any
type).

---

### 📌 **12. NoSQL and New Trends**


**Q25:** What is NoSQL?
**A:** NoSQL is a type of database that stores data in formats other than
relational tables (e.g., key-value, document, column-family, graph databases).

**Q26:** What are the types of NoSQL databases?


**A:**
1. **Document-based (MongoDB)**
2. **Key-value (Redis)**
3. **Column-family (Cassandra)**
4. **Graph (Neo4j)**

---

Would you like a deeper dive into any specific topic or need more questions? 😊

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