import numpy as np

# Creating two matrices

A = np.array([[4, 8], [6, 10]])

B = np.array([[2, 4], [3, 5]])

print("Matrix A:\n", A)

print("Matrix B:\n", B)

# Matrix Addition

print("\nMatrix Addition:\n", A + B)

# Matrix Subtraction

print("\nMatrix Subtraction:\n", A - B)

# Element-wise Multiplication

print("\nElement-wise Multiplication:\n", A * B)

# Matrix Multiplication (Dot Product)

print("\nMatrix Multiplication (Dot Product):\n", np.dot(A, B))

# Element-wise Division

print("\nElement-wise Division:\n", A / B)

# Taking input from user

str1 = input("Enter first string: ")

str2 = input("Enter second string: ")

# Concatenating strings

result = str1 + " " + str2

print("\nConcatenated String:", result)

3.import numpy as np

# Generating six random integers between 10 and 30

random_numbers = np.random.randint(10, 31, size=6)

print("Random Numbers:", random_numbers)

if isinstance(a, int) and isinstance(b, str):

print(f"Integer: {a}, Character: {b}")

elif isinstance(a, str) and isinstance(b, int):

print(f"Character: {a}, Integer: {b}")

else:

print("Invalid input!")

# Creating object

obj = PrintValue()

# Calling methods with different parameter sequences

obj.display(10, 'A') # Integer first, then character

obj.display('B', 20) # Character first, then integer

class Shape:

def area(self, length, breadth=None):

if breadth is None: # If only one parameter is passed, calculate area of square

print(f"Area of Square: {length * length}")

else: # If two parameters are passed, calculate area of rectangle

print(f"Area of Rectangle: {length * breadth}")

# Creating object

shape = Shape()

# Calculating areas

shape.area(5) # Square (side = 5)

shape.area(4, 6) # Rectangle (length = 4, breadth = 6)

class Degree:

def getDegree(self):

print("I got a degree")

class Undergraduate(Degree):

def getDegree(self):

print("I am an Undergraduate")

class Postgraduate(Degree):

def getDegree(self):

print("I am a Postgraduate")

# Creating objects of each class

deg = Degree()

ug = Undergraduate()

pg = Postgraduate()

# Calling the method

deg.getDegree() # Calls the method in Degree class

ug.getDegree() # Calls the overridden method in Undergraduate class

pg.getDegree()
7
class Employee:

def __init__(self, name, department, salary):

self.name = name

self.department = department

self.salary = salary

def display_info(self):

print(f"Employee Name: {self.name}")

print(f"Department: {self.department}")

print(f"Salary: {self.salary}")

# Taking input from user

name = input("Enter Employee Name: ")

department = input("Enter Department: ")

salary = float(input("Enter Salary: "))

# Creating Employee object

emp = Employee(name, department, salary)

print("\nEmployee Information:")

emp.display_info()

class Person:

def __init__(self, name, age):

self.name = name

self.age = age

def display_person(self):

print(f"Name: {self.name}")

print(f"Age: {self.age}")
class Student(Person): # Inheriting from Person

def __init__(self, name, age, roll_no, course):

super().__init__(name, age)

self.roll_no = roll_no

self.course = course

def display_student(self):

self.display_person()

print(f"Roll Number: {self.roll_no}")

print(f"Course: {self.course}")

# Taking input from user

name = input("Enter Student Name: ")

age = int(input("Enter Age: "))

roll_no = input("Enter Roll Number: ")

course = input("Enter Course: ")

# Creating Student object

stud = Student(name, age, roll_no, course)

print("\nStudent Information:")

stud.display_student()

class Teacher:

def __init__(self, subject):

self.subject = subject

def display_subject(self):

print(f"Teaches: {self.subject}")

class Researcher:

def __init__(self, research_topic):

def display_research(self):

print(f"Research Topic: {self.research_topic}")

# Multiple Inheritance

class Professor(Teacher, Researcher):

def __init__(self, name, subject, research_topic):

Teacher.__init__(self, subject)

Researcher.__init__(self, research_topic)

self.name = name

def display_info(self):

print(f"Professor Name: {self.name}")

self.display_subject()

self.display_research()

# Taking input from user

name = input("Enter Professor Name: ")

subject = input("Enter Subject: ")

research_topic = input("Enter Research Topic: ")

# Creating Professor object

prof = Professor(name, subject, research_topic)

print("\nProfessor Information:")

prof.display_info()
1. Check for ZeroDivisionError Exception

try:

num1 = int(input("Enter numerator: "))

num2 = int(input("Enter denominator: "))

result = num1 / num2

print(f"Result: {result}")

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.")

except ValueError:

print("Error: Please enter valid numeric values.")

Example Output:

Enter numerator: 10

Enter denominator: 0

Error: Division by zero is not allowed.

2. User-Defined Exception for Password Validation

class PasswordError(Exception):

def __init__(self, message="Invalid password! Password must be at least 6 characters

self.message = message

super().__init__(self.message)

def check_password(password):
 if len(password) < 6:

raise PasswordError

else:

print("Password is valid.")

try:

user_password = input("Enter your password: ")

check_password(user_password)

except PasswordError as e:

print(e)

Example Output:

Enter your password: 123

Invalid password! Password must be at least 6 characters long.

Enter your password: secure123

Password is valid.