3.

2 Light

PAPER 1
1 A ray of light strikes a plane mirror and is reflected.

normal

x y
w z

Which pair of angles must be equal in value?

A w and x B w and y C x and y D x and z

5054/11/M/J/11/Q21

2 In which diagram is the path of the light ray not correct?

A B

air air
water glass

C D

air
air air
perspex
air glass

5054/11/M/J/11/Q22
3 The ray diagram shows two rays from a point on an object placed in front of a diverging
(concave) lens.

object

diverging
lens

What are the properties of the image produced?

A real and larger than the object

B real and smaller than the object
C virtual and larger than the object
D virtual and smaller than the object

5054/11/M/J/11/Q23

4 Light is incident on a mirror and is reflected as shown.

80°
mirror

What is the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

angle of angle of
incidence / ° reflection / °

A 40 40
B 40 50
C 50 40
D 50 50

5054/11/M/J/12/Q22
5 Light is incident on one face of a glass block at an angle of incidence of 40°. The glass block is in
air.

The refractive index of the glass is 1.46.

What is the angle of refraction inside the glass block?

A 26° B 27° C 58° D 70°

5054/11/M/J/12/Q23

6 Light is incident on one face of a glass block at an angle of incidence of 40°. The glass block is in
air.

The refractive index of the glass is 1.46.

What is the angle of refraction inside the glass block?

A 26° B 27° C 58° D 70°

5054/11/M/J/12/Q23

7 The diagram shows a ray of light directed at a plane mirror.

40°

mirror

What are the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

angle of angle of
incidence reflection

A 40° 40°
B 40° 50°
C 50° 40°
D 50° 50°

5054/12/M/J/12/Q22
8 Light travels through a glass block as shown.

Which angle is the critical angle for light in the glass?

D
air C
B

A
glass

5054/12/M/J/12/Q23

9 A man is short-sighted.

Which ray diagram shows what happens in his eye when he looks at a distant object?

A B C D

5054/12/M/J/12/Q24

10 Which characteristics describe an image formed by a vertical plane mirror?

A real and inverted

B virtual and not inverted
C real and larger than the object
D virtual and smaller than the object

5054/11/M/J/13/Q19
11 A ray of light meets the face of a glass block at an angle of 30° as shown.

r glass
block

30°

The refractive index of the glass is 1.5.

What is the angle of refraction r inside the glass block?

A 19° B 20° C 35° D 40°

5054/11/M/J/13/Q20

12 The diagram shows a thin converging lens of focal length f.

Where must an object be placed to produce a real image in the position shown?

A B C D

f f

image

5054/11/M/J/13/Q21

13 Which length is the focal length of the lens?

A B C

lens
D
5054/12/M/J/13/Q26
14 The diagram shows two divergent rays of light from an object O being reflected from a plane
mirror.

At which position is the image formed?

O A B

5054/11/M/J/14/Q24

15 Three rays of light are incident on the boundary between a glass block and air.

The angles of incidence are different.

air
glass

40° 50°
20°

What is a possible critical angle for light in the glass?

A 15° B 30° C 45° D 60°

5054/11/M/J/14/Q25

16 Which row applies to a short-sighted eye viewing a distant object?

position of the image lens needed for correction

A behind the retina converging lens

B behind the retina diverging lens
C in front of the retina converging lens
D in front of the retina diverging lens

5054/11/M/J/14/Q27
17 A ray of light is incident on the surface of a glass block, as shown in the diagram below.

air 45°
glass

The refractive index of the glass is 1.5.

The light ray changes direction when entering the glass.

What is the angle x through which the ray moves?

A 30° B 28° C 17° D 15°

5054/11/M/J/15/Q22

18 An image is formed by a thin converging lens when it is used as a magnifying glass.

What is the correct description of the image?

A real and erect

B real and inverted
C virtual and erect
D virtual and inverted
5054/11/M/J/15/Q23

19 A ray of light travels from X to Y along an optical fibre. The angle of incidence at Y is greater than
the critical angle.

In which direction does the ray of light travel after reaching point Y?

B
optical fibre
Y

5054/11/M/J/15/Q24
20 A ray of light in glass is incident on the surface at an angle c. The angle c is the critical angle.

Which diagram shows what happens to the light?

A B C D

air air air air

glass glass glass glass
c c c c

5054/12/M/J/15/Q25

21 A ray of light is incident on the surface of a glass block, as shown in the diagram below.

air 45°
glass

The refractive index of the glass is 1.5.

The light ray changes direction when entering the glass.

What is the angle x through which the ray moves?

A 30° B 28° C 17° D 15°

5054/12/M/J/15/Q26

22 An image is formed by a thin converging lens when it is used as a magnifying glass.

What is the correct description of the image?

A real and erect

B real and inverted
C virtual and erect
D virtual and inverted

5054/12/M/J/15/Q27
23 Light is incident on a mirror. The light is reflected from the mirror.

The angle of incidence is i and the angle of reflection is r.

Which diagram correctly shows i and r ?

A B C D

r i r i
i i r r

5054/11/M/J/16/Q21

24 Which length is the focal length of the lens shown in the diagram?

A B C

lens
D

5054/11/M/J/16/Q22
25 Light passes from air into a glass block of refractive index 1.5, as shown.

glass block
NOT TO
SCALE

57°
normal

What is the angle of refraction in the glass and what is the critical angle?

angle of refraction critical angle

A 34° 42°
B 34° 60°
C 38° 42°
D 38° 60°

5054/11/M/J/16/Q23

26 The diagram shows light incident on a plane mirror.

P
ray of
light

40°
mirror

Which row gives the angle of reflection and the name of line PQ?

angle of the line PQ is

reflection called the

A 40° normal
B 40° reflected ray
C 50° normal
D 50° reflected ray

5054/12/M/J/16/Q18
27 The rays of light from a ray-box pass through three lenses placed at positions 1, 2 and 3.

ray-box

position 1 position 2 position 3

What type of lens is used at each position?

position 1 position 2 position 3

A converging converging converging

B converging converging diverging
C diverging converging diverging
D diverging diverging converging

5054/12/M/J/16/Q20

28 Light passes from air into a block of glass, as shown.

w x
z
y
glass

Which expression is equal to the refractive index of glass?

sin w sin w sin y sin z

A B C D
sin y sin z sin w sin x

5054/12/M/J/16/Q21
29 Light travelling in glass is incident on a glass-air boundary. The angle of incidence of the light is
greater than the critical angle.

Which arrow shows the direction of the light after it is incident on the boundary?

normal

D
air
glass C

B
incident ray A

5054/11/M/J/17/Q27

30 Light strikes the top surface of a glass block at an angle of 15° as shown.

15°

(not to scale)
r glass
block

The refractive index of glass is 1.5.

What is the angle of refraction r ?

A 10° B 23° C 40° D 50°

5054/11/M/J/17/Q28
31 A narrow beam of yellow and green light is separated as it passes through a prism.

Which ray diagram is correct?

A B

yellow
yellow
green
green

C D
yellow

green

yellow
green
5054/12/M/J/17/Q28

32 The diagram shows two divergent rays of light from an object O being reflected from a plane
mirror.

At which position is the image formed?

O A B

mirror D

5054/11/M/J/18/Q22
33 Which statement is correct?

A Total internal reflection only occurs when light travels from air into glass.
B The larger the refractive index of glass, the larger is the critical angle.
C When total internal reflection occurs, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
D When total internal reflection occurs, the angle of incidence is less than the critical angle.

5054/11/M/J/18/Q23

34 The diagram shows the paths of two rays from the top of an object through a lens.

object

lens

The object is viewed from the opposite side of the lens to the object.

How does the image compare with the object?

A larger and inverted

B larger and the same way up
C smaller and inverted
D smaller and the same way up

5054/11/M/J/18/Q24

35 Which statement about blue light is correct?

A Blue light has a smaller frequency than red light.

B Blue light has a longer wavelength than red light.
C Blue light has the same speed in glass as red light.
D Blue light is refracted more by a glass prism than red light.

5054/12/M/J/18/Q28
36 A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of incidence of 20°.

The angle of incidence is then increased by 5°.

What is the new angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray?

A 10° B 25° C 45° D 50°

5054/11/M/J/19/Q24

37 A parallel beam of light is incident on a thin diverging lens.

The focal length of the lens is FL, as shown in the diagram.

position of
diverging lens

F L

Which ray diagram shows the beam after it has passed through the lens?

A B

F L F L

C D

F L F L

5054/11/M/J/19/Q25
38 The following lists show colours of the spectrum.

Which list shows these colours in order of increasing frequency?

A blue, violet, red, orange, yellow, green

B green, blue, violet, red, orange, yellow
C red, orange, violet, yellow, green, blue
D red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet

5054/11/M/J/19/Q26

39 An object is placed at a distance from a converging lens that is equal to twice the focal length of
the lens.

Which statement about the image is correct?

A It is enlarged.
B It is inverted.
C It is on the same side of the lens as the object.
D It is virtual.

5054/12/M/J/19/Q27

40 The lens in the diagram produces an image I of the object O.

I
O
F F

Why is this not the ray diagram for a photographic enlarger?

A The image is magnified.

B The image is virtual.
C The lens is a converging lens.
D The lens is too thin.

5054/12/M/J/19/Q28
41 Light enters a glass block at an angle of incidence i and it produces an angle of refraction r in the
glass.

r
glass
block

Several different values of i and r are measured, and a graph is drawn of sin i against sin r.

Which graph is correct?

A B C D
sin i sin i sin i sin i
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

0 0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 0 0.5 1.0 0 0.5 1.0 0 0.5 1.0
sin r sin r sin r sin r

5054/11/M/J/20/Q26

42 A swimming pool is lit by an underwater light.

A ray of light is incident on the water surface.

What is the correct path for the ray of light?

B
water surface
A

light
C
D

5054/11/M/J/20/Q27
43 Which diagram shows the action of a converging lens on a parallel beam of light?

A B

C D

5054/11/M/J/20/Q28

44 The diagram shows a ray of light incident on the boundary between two mediums W and X.

The mediums have different refractive indexes.

W
X z y

Some light is reflected and some passes along the surface between the two mediums. Angle y is
greater than angle z.

Which statement is correct?

A W has a greater refractive index than X and angle y is equal to the critical angle.
B W has a greater refractive index than X and angle z is equal to the critical angle.
C X has a greater refractive index than W and angle y is equal to the critical angle.
D X has a greater refractive index than W and angle z is equal to the critical angle.

5054/12/M/J/20/Q31
45 A converging glass lens is used to produce a virtual, magnified image.

Which ray diagram shows the rays passing through the converging lens?

A B

C D

5054/12/M/J/20/Q33

46 Light refracts from a liquid into air as shown.

air 32q
liquid

not to scale

The refractive index for light moving from air to the liquid is 1.4.

What is the angle of incidence in the liquid?

A 22 B 37 C 41 D 45

5054/11/M/J/21/Q21
47 A ray of red light in air enters a semi-circular block.

Which diagram shows the partial reflection and the refraction of the ray?

A B

C D

5054/11/M/J/21/Q22

48 Which statement about human vision is correct?

A In a normal eye, the image on the retina is magnified and upright.

B In a long-sighted eye, distant objects form images in front of the retina.
C Short-sighted eyes produce only virtual images.
D Short-sight is corrected by the use of a diverging lens.

5054/11/M/J/21/Q23
49 White light enters a prism and forms a spectrum.

The rays in the air are labelled.

Which diagram shows how the white light is dispersed by the prism?

A B

red violet
white white
light light

violet red

C D

red violet
white white
light light

violet red

5054/11/M/J/21/Q24

50 An object of height 1.5 cm is placed in front of a converging lens of focal length 2.0 cm.

The arrangement is shown on the full-scale ray diagram.

lens

object

image

1 cm

1 cm

What is the linear magnification produced by the lens?

A 2.0 B 3.0 C 4.0 D 6.0

5054/12/M/J/21/Q25
51 In which optical instrument is the distance between the object and the lens less than the focal
length of the lens?

A camera
B magnifying glass
C photographic enlarger
D projector

5054/12/M/J/21/Q26

52 An object is viewed through a thin converging lens.

The diagram shows the paths of two rays from the top of the object to an eye.

thin converging lens

eye

object

How does the image compare with the object?

A It is larger and inverted.

B It is larger and upright.
C It is smaller and inverted.
D It is smaller and upright.

5054/11/M/J/22/Q21
53 A ray of white light enters a prism as shown.

red light

white light

blue light

Which row is correct?

frequency of red light compared

wave properties observed
with frequency of blue light

A dispersion only smaller

B refraction only greater
C dispersion and refraction smaller
D dispersion and refraction greater

5054/11/M/J/22/Q22

54 The diagram shows a ray PQ reflected by mirror X to a parallel mirror Y. The reflected ray along
RS is parallel to PQ.

mirror X
P
Q
45q

R
S
mirror Y

Which statement is correct?

A The angle between PQ and QR is 45.

B The angle between QR and RS is 180.

C The angle of incidence of PQ on mirror X is 60.

D The angle of incidence of QR on mirror Y is 45.

5054/12/M/J/22/Q24
55 Violet and indigo light have the shortest wavelengths in the spectrum of visible light.

Which three colours, in order of increasing wavelength, immediately follow indigo?

A blue  green  orange

B blue  green  yellow

C green  blue  yellow

D yellow  green  orange

5054/12/M/J/22/Q26

56 A ray of light enters a glass block at an angle of incidence ii, producing an angle of refraction r in
the glass.

r
glass
block

Several different values of i and r are measured, and a graph is drawn of sin i against sin r.

Which graph is correct?

A B C D
sin i sin i sin i sin i
1 1 1 1

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

0 0 0 0
0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1
sin r sin r sin r sin r

5054/11/O/N/11/Q21
57 A boy stands beside a girl in front of a large plane mirror. They are both the same distance from
the mirror, as shown.

Where does the boy see the girl’s image?

A D

B C
mirror

girl boy

5054/11/O/N/11/Q22

58 An object O is placed in front of a plane mirror.

Which diagram correctly represents the image I formed by the mirror?

O I O I

O I O I

5054/11/O/N/12/Q22
59 In the following diagrams, the angle c is the critical angle.

Which diagram shows the correct path of the light ray?

A B C D

air air air air

glass glass glass glass
c c c c

5054/11/O/N/12/Q23

60 An object of height 1.5 cm is placed in front of a converging lens of focal length 2.0 cm.

The arrangement is shown on the full-scale ray diagram.

lens

object

image

1 cm

1 cm

What is the linear magnification produced by the lens?

A 2.0 B 3.0 C 4.0 D 6.0

5054/11/O/N/12/Q24
61 Red and violet are the colours at the ends of the visible spectrum.

How do the frequencies and the wavelengths of these colours compare?

higher frequency longer wavelength

A red red
B red violet
C violet red
D violet violet

5054/11/O/N/12/Q25

62 An object is placed in front of a plane mirror. The image produced is

A real and smaller than the object.

B real and the same size as the object.
C virtual and smaller than the object.
D virtual and the same size as the object.

5054/12/O/N/12/Q22

63 A ray of red light enters a semi-circular glass block normal to the curved surface.

Which diagram shows the partial reflection and refraction of the ray?

A B

C D

5054/12/O/N/12/Q23
64 A lens is used to produce a magnified image, as shown in the scale diagram.

image
object

What is the linear magnification of the object?

A 0.33 B 3.0 C 4.0 D 6.0

5054/12/O/N/12/Q24

65 Which statement about red light and blue light is correct?

A Red light has a higher frequency than blue light.

B Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light.
C Red light has the same speed in glass as blue light.
D Red light is refracted by a glass prism more than blue light.

5054/12/O/N/12/Q25
66 Which diagram represents the reflection of light along an optical fibre?

5054/11/O/N/13/Q20

67 The diagram shows rays of light.

What is in the space labelled X?

A a converging lens
B a diverging lens
C a plane mirror
D a rectangular glass block

5054/11/O/N/13/Q21
68 A ray of red light from a laser passes into a semi-circular glass block.

glass block

What is shown at M?

A dispersion
B rarefaction
C reflection
D refraction
5054/12/O/N/13/Q23

69 A ray of light strikes the surface of a glass block at an angle of incidence of 45°.

The refractive index of the glass is 1.8.

What is the angle of refraction inside the block?

A 23° B 25° C 45° D 81°

5054/12/O/N/13/Q24
70 A shoe shop puts a mirror on the wall so that customers can look at their shoes.

The length of the mirror is 50 cm. A customer has eyes 150 cm above ground level.

mirror

150 cm 50 cm

The bottom of the mirror is at height h above the ground.

What is the smallest value of h that allows the customer to see an image of his shoes in the
mirror?

A 0 B 25 cm C 50 cm D 75 cm

5054/11/O/N/14/Q20

71 The diagram shows light travelling through a medium. The light reaches the boundary with a
vacuum as shown. The light emerges travelling along the surface.

medium
60°

vacuum

What is the refractive index of the medium?

sin 60° sin 60° sin 90° sin 90°

A B C D
sin 30° sin 90° sin 30° sin 60°

5054/11/O/N/14/Q21
72 The diagram shows an object on the principal axis of a converging (convex) lens. A principal
focus of the lens is at F.

lens
object

O F Q principal axis

Where is the image formed by the lens?

A between O and F
B between F and Q
C at Q
D to the right of Q
5054/11/O/N/14/Q22

73 A digital camera uses a lens to produce a diminished (reduced in size) image on a light sensor.

Which row shows the correct type of lens and the nature of the image?

type of lens nature of image

A converging inverted
B converging upright
C diverging inverted
D diverging upright

5054/11/O/N/14/Q23
74 A plastic tube is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.4. Light travelling in the plastic tube
strikes the inside surface at an angle of incidence of 70°. The light undergoes total internal
reflection.

liquid of refractive
index 1.4

70° reflected ray

light

plastic tube

What describes the values of the critical angle in the plastic and the refractive index of the
plastic?

critical angle refractive index

in plastic of plastic

A greater than 70° greater than 1.4

B greater than 70° less than 1.4
C less than 70° greater than 1.4
D less than 70° less than 1.4

5054/12/O/N/14/Q16

75 Which statement about red light and blue light is correct?

A Red light has a higher frequency than blue light.

B Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light.
C Red light has the same speed in glass as blue light.
D Red light is refracted by a glass prism more than blue light.

5054/11/O/N/15/Q20
76 A ray of light in a transparent medium of refractive index 1.8 is incident on the surface as shown.
The light enters air.

air
medium 60°

30°

What is the angle between the refracted ray and the normal in air?

A 29° B 33° C 54° D 64°

5054/11/O/N/15/Q21

77 An object is viewed through a converging lens.

The diagram shows the paths of two rays from the top of the object to an eye.

thin lens

eye

object

How does the image compare with the object?

A It is larger and inverted.

B It is larger and upright.
C It is smaller and inverted.
D It is smaller and upright.

5054/12/O/N/15/Q22
78 The angle of incidence of ray OP on the plane mirror MN is 40°.

normal

40°

10°
M N
P

The mirror is rotated through 10°, as shown by the dashed line. The direction of the incident ray
OP does not change.

What is the new angle of incidence?

A 30° B 40° C 50° D 60°

5054/11/O/N/16/Q23

79 A ray of light is incident on the surface of a glass block. The diagram is not drawn to scale.

The refractive index of the glass is 1.5.

incident ray
normal

36°

air
glass

path light takes

r d without the glass block

The angle of refraction is r. The angle between the refracted ray and the path the light takes
without the glass block is d.

What are r and d ?

r/° d/°

A 23 12
B 24 12
C 23 13
D 24 13
5054/11/O/N/16/Q24
80 In the diagram, a convex lens forms an image I of an object O. The diagram is not drawn to
scale.

45 cm 20 cm 16 cm

What is the focal length of the lens?

A 16 cm B 20 cm C 36 cm D 45 cm

5054/11/O/N/16/Q25

81 A lens is used to produce a magnified image, as shown in the scale diagram.

image

object

What is the linear magnification produced by the lens?

A 0.33 B 3.0 C 4.0 D 6.0

5054/11/O/N/16/Q26
82 Blue and yellow are colours in the visible spectrum.

Which colour has the lower frequency and which colour has the longer wavelength?

lower frequency longer wavelength

A blue blue
B blue yellow
C yellow blue
D yellow yellow

5054/11/O/N/16/Q27

83 What is the name and shape of the lens used to correct short sight?

name of lens shape of lens

A converging

B converging

C diverging

D diverging

5054/11/O/N/17/Q21

84 An object is placed in front of a converging lens. The lens forms a magnified image of the object
on a screen.

Which statement is correct?

A The distance between the object and the lens is greater than the focal length.
B The image formed is a virtual image.
C The image is the right way up.
D The lens is acting as a magnifying glass.
5054/11/O/N/17/Q22
85 Which diagram shows reflection by a plane mirror?

A B C D
mirror

5054/12/O/N/17/Q20

86 Light is incident on a plastic block of refractive index 1.5.

The angle of incidence is 50°.

What is the angle of refraction?

A 31° B 33° C 40° D 75°

5054/12/O/N/17/Q21
87 A solid plastic cylinder is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.4. Light travelling in the plastic
cylinder strikes the inside surface at an angle of incidence of 70°. The light undergoes total
internal reflection.

liquid of refractive
index 1.4

70° reflected ray

light

plastic cylinder

What are the values of the critical angle in the plastic and the refractive index of the plastic?

critical angle refractive index

in plastic of plastic

A greater than 70° greater than 1.4

B greater than 70° less than 1.4
C less than 70° greater than 1.4
D less than 70° less than 1.4
5054/12/O/N/17/Q22
88 The ray diagrams, X and Y, show two ways in which a thin converging lens produces an image
that is larger than the object.

thin converging thin converging

lens lens
image

object object

image

X Y

Which devices use a lens as shown in diagram X and in diagram Y?

X Y

A camera magnifying glass

B magnifying glass projector
C photographic enlarger camera
D photographic enlarger projector
5054/12/O/N/17/Q23

89 White light is dispersed by a prism. Compared with blue light, the red light is

A slowed down less and refracted less.

B slowed down less and refracted more.
C slowed down more and refracted less.
D slowed down more and refracted more.
5054/11/O/N/18/Q20

90 The diagram shows a thin converging lens of focal length f.

Where must an object be placed to produce a real image in the position shown?

A B C D

f f

image
5054/12/O/N/18/Q23
91 A student reads the following in her physics book.

‘The incident angle is greater than 42° which is the critical angle for glass in air.’

What is the student reading about?

A focal length of a glass lens

B reflection in a plane mirror
C refraction as light enters glass
D total internal reflection

5054/12/O/N/18/Q25

92 The diagram shows a ray of light in liquid incident on the boundary with air. Two other rays are
observed. One is in the liquid and the other is in the air on the boundary.

air ray on boundary

liquid
50°

incident ray in liquid

ray

What is the angle of refraction?

A 0° B 40° C 50° D 90°

5054/11/O/N/19/Q26
93 Light is incident at 90° on the surfaces of two glass prisms P and Q.

45°

light

45° light

glass prism P glass prism Q

The critical angle for light travelling from glass into air is 42°.

Where does total internal reflection occur?

A in P and in Q
B in P only
C in Q only
D in neither P nor Q

5054/11/O/N/19/Q27

94 An object O is placed in front of a plane mirror. I is the image formed.

mirror

top top

I O
X

A ray from the top of the object is incident on the mirror at X.

What happens to this ray?

A It reflects and passes through the bottom of O.

B It reflects and passes through the top of O.

C It reflects as though it came from the bottom of I.

D It reflects as though it came from the top of I.

5054/12/O/N/19/Q24
95 The diagram shows light passing from glass into air.

air
glass
P
ray of light

What is the name of angle P?

A the angle of incidence

B the angle of reflection
C the angle of refraction
D the critical angle

5054/12/O/N/19/Q25

96 An object is placed in front of a converging lens of focal length 4.0 cm. The height of the image is
6.0 cm.

The arrangement is shown on the scale diagram.

lens

object

image

What is the linear magnification produced by the lens?

A 0.50 B 1.5 C 2.0 D 6.0

5054/12/O/N/19/Q26
97 Three objects P, Q and R are placed in front of a plane mirror.

student’s
eye
P Q R

The student’s eye is positioned as shown.

Which of the images of P, Q and R can the student see in the mirror?

P Q R

A    key
B     = can see
C     = cannot see
D   

5054/11/O/N/20/Q27

98 A ray of light R is incident on a water-to-air surface with an angle of incidence .

The angle  is less than the critical angle c.

air
water
R
θ

Which statement describes the subsequent path of R?

A It travels back into the water with an angle of reflection equal to c.

B It travels back into the water with an angle of reflection greater than c.

C It travels into air with an angle of refraction greater than .

D It travels into air with an angle of refraction smaller than .

5054/11/O/N/20/Q28
99 A parallel beam of light is incident on a thin converging lens.

thin converging lens

F is one focal point of the lens.

Which ray diagram shows the light after it has passed through the lens?

A B

F F

C D

F F

5054/11/O/N/20/Q29
100 A plane mirror on a vertical wall forms an image of an object placed in front of it.

Which characteristics describe the image?

A real, inverted and smaller than the object

B real, upright and the same size as the object
C virtual, upright and smaller than the object
D virtual, upright and the same size as the object

5054/12/O/N/20/Q23

101 A ray of light passes into a glass block. It travels through the glass block and then emerges into
the air.

Which angle is the angle of refraction at the surface XY?

air
glass

A
X Y
C
D

5054/11/O/N/21/Q20
102 Two rays of light pass through a lens in region X.

object

Which type of lens is in region X and which type of image is formed?

type of lens type of image

A converging real
B converging virtual
C diverging real
D diverging virtual

5054/11/O/N/21/Q21

103 A girl is long-sighted.

Which statement is correct?

A She sees close objects less clearly than a person with normal vision.
B She sees distant objects more clearly than a person with normal vision.
C The fault is corrected with a diverging lens.
D The image of a close object is formed in front of her retina.

5054/11/O/N/21/Q22
104 Light rays are deviated by a prism.

The deviation angle d is measured for light rays of different frequency, including blue light and
red light.

Which graph of d against frequency is correct?

A B C D

d d d d

0 0 0 0
0 blue red 0 blue red 0 red blue 0 red blue
frequency frequency frequency frequency

5054/11/O/N/21/Q23

105 Light reflects from a plane mirror as shown.

source
of light

X Y
mirror

Which row is always correct?

symbol of relationship
angle X between X and Y

A i X=Y
B i X + Y = 90
C r X=Y
D r X + Y = 90

5054/12/O/N/21/Q23
106 A piece of paper torn from an exercise book is shown.

The object is further away from the lens

than the focal point and the image is
upside down.

Which process is being described?

A the formation of a virtual image by a diverging lens

B the formation of a virtual image by a converging lens
C the formation of a real image by a diverging lens
D the formation of a real image by a converging lens

5054/12/O/N/21/Q24