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Lecture 5

The document discusses choppers, which are static devices that convert fixed DC input voltage to variable DC output voltage, functioning as high-speed switches. It explains the operation of step down (Buck) and step up (Boost) choppers, detailing their efficiency and applications in various fields such as DC motor drives and battery-operated vehicles. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of DC choppers, including greater efficiency, faster response, and lower costs compared to traditional motor-generator sets.

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19 views7 pages

Lecture 5

The document discusses choppers, which are static devices that convert fixed DC input voltage to variable DC output voltage, functioning as high-speed switches. It explains the operation of step down (Buck) and step up (Boost) choppers, detailing their efficiency and applications in various fields such as DC motor drives and battery-operated vehicles. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of DC choppers, including greater efficiency, faster response, and lower costs compared to traditional motor-generator sets.

Uploaded by

deowelsaguge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
EET 05214

SEMESTER 2 2021/2022

OD 20 EE-1/2 & OD 20 BEE 1/2

LECTURE 6
1
CHOPPER

A chopper is a static device that converts fixed DC input voltage to a variable DC output voltage. It is nothing but a high speed
switch which connects and disconnects the load from source at a high rate to get variable or chopped voltage at the output.
The output V0 can be greater or less than the input. Hence the choppers can be step down or step up type. The dc choppers use
switching principle. Hence they have high efficiency. The choppers are also used in dc voltage regulators for high efficiency.

Devices used in a chopper.


Low power application: GTO, IGBT, Power BJT, Power MOSFET etc.
High power application: Thyristor or SCR..

These devices are represented as a switch in a dotted box for simplicity. When it is closed current can flow in the direction of
arrow only.

2
CHOPPER

Step down Chopper:

Step down chopper as Buck converted is used to reduce the input voltage level at the output side. Circuit diagram of a step down
chopper is shown in the figure below.

Operation
When CH is turned ON, Vs directly appears across the load as shown in figure. So Vo = VS. When CH is turned off, Vs is
disconnected from the load. So output voltage Vo = 0.

3
CHOPPER

Step down Chopper:

TON can be varied from 0 to T, so 0 ≤ D ≤ 1. Hence output voltage Vo can be varied from 0 to VS. So, we can conclude that output
voltage is always less than the input voltage and hence the name step down chopper is justified.

4
CHOPPER

Step up Chopper:
Step up chopper or boost converter is used to increase the input voltage level of its output side. Its circuit is shown below.
Operation
When CH is ON it short circuits the load. Hence output voltage during TON is zero. During this period inductor gets charged. So,
VS = VL.

When CH is OFF inductor L discharges through the load. So, we will get summation of both source voltage VS and inductor
Voltage VL as output voltage, i.e.

As we can vary TON from 0 to T, so 0 ≤ D ≤ 1. Hence VO can be varied from VS to ∞. It is clear that output voltage is always
greater than the input voltage and hence it boost up or increase the voltage level. 5
CHOPPER

The DC choppers convert the input DC voltage into fixed or variable DC output. Hence DC chopper is also called as DC to
DC converter.
The chopper as fixed or variable DC input, Vs and the output V0 is also fixed or variable. The output V0 can be greater or less
than the input. Hence the choppers can be step down or step up type. The dc choppers use switching principle. Hence they have
high efficiency. The choppers are also used in dc voltage regulators for high efficiency.

6
CHOPPER

Advantages DC chopper
• It has greater efficiency.
• It has faster response.
• It requires less maintenance.
• It has compact size.
• It has smooth control.
• It is cheap. Its cost is lower than motor-generator sets.

Applications of DC chopper

- DC motor drives when the DC supply is available.


- Battery operated vehicles, Switched mode power supplies.
- Battery charges where uncontrolled rectifier give DC to choppers.
- Traction drives use four quadrant choppers for energy saving.
- Lighting and lamp controls also prefer choppers

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