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SHORING

Shoring is a temporary support system used to prevent structural collapse and protect individuals during construction activities. It is required in various situations, such as supporting unstable walls or during demolition, and can be categorized into three main systems: Dead, Raking, and Flying shoring. Each system has specific operational sequences for installation to ensure safety and stability.

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94 views5 pages

SHORING

Shoring is a temporary support system used to prevent structural collapse and protect individuals during construction activities. It is required in various situations, such as supporting unstable walls or during demolition, and can be categorized into three main systems: Dead, Raking, and Flying shoring. Each system has specific operational sequences for installation to ensure safety and stability.

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SHORING

Definition
This is a form of temporary support which can be given to existing buildings with the primary function of
providing the necessary precautions to avoid damage to any person from collapse of structure as required by
the construction regulations.
or
A shore is a member generally of timber or steel work used temporary to prop a wall.

Situations where shoring may be required


1. To give support to walls which are dangerous or are likely to become unstable due to subsidence,
bulging or leaning.
2. To avoid failure of sound walls caused by the removal of subjacent support such as where a basement is
being constructed near to a sound wall.
3. During demolition works to give support to an adjacent building or structure.
4. To support upper part of a wall during formation of a large opening in the lower section of the wall.
5. To give support to a floor or roof to enable a support wall to be removed and replaced with a beam.

Shoring systems
- There are three basic systems of shoring namely:-
(a) Dead or Vertical or Needle Shoring - used primarily to carry vertical loadings.
(b) Raking Shoring - used to support a combination of vertical and horizontal loadings.

(c) Flying Shoring - an alternative to raking shoring to give a clear working space at ground level.

Dead or Vertical or Needle shoring


- In its simplest form it consists of a vertical prop or shore leg with a head plate and some means of
adjustment for tightening and easing the shore.
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Const. Technology Notes © J. Kiranga
- This kind of shoring is required when lower position of a building has become defective e.g. unequal
settlement.
- The usual arrangement is to use two shore legs connected over their heads by a horizontal beam or
needle.
- The loads are transferred by the needle to the shore legs and hence down to a solid bearing surface.

Sequence of operations for a successful Dead shoring


(i) Carry out a thorough site investigation to determine:-
 Number of shores required
 Bearing capacity of soils and floors
 Location of underground services which may have to be avoided or bridged
(ii) Fix ceiling struts between suitable head and sole plates to relieve the wall of floor and roof loads.
(iii) Strut all window openings within the vicinity of the shores to prevent movement and distortion of the
opening.
(iv) Cut holes through the wall slightly larger in size than the needles.
(v) Cut holes through ceilings and floors for the shore legs.
(vi) Position and level sleepers on a firm base, removing pavings if necessary.
(vii) Erect, wedge and secure shoring arrangements.

Figure: Typical details of Dead shoring

Raking shore
- These are inclined struts mainly used to support a wall which shows sign of failure such as cracks or
bulge due to may be thrust from one or more upper floors, from the roof or unequal settlement of the
foundation.
- The sloping struts transfers the floor and roof loads to the ground.

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Const. Technology Notes © J. Kiranga
- The inclination of the shore depends on the site condition. If the wall abuts are close to a street, the
distance between the foot and the wall may be restricted inorder that traffic will not be interrupted.
- The angle between the shore and the ground should be 400 – 700.
- The centre line of the shore should intersect with the centre lines of the wall plate or floor bearing.
- The angle between the shore and the sole plate must be slightly less than 900 to ensure a tight fit when
the foot of the shore is levelled into position.

Operational sequence for erecting Raking shore


(i) Carry out the site investigation as described for dead shoring.
(ii) Mark out and cut mortices and housings in wall plate.
(iii) Set out and cut holes for needles in external wall.
(iv) Excavate to a firm bearing subsoil and lay grillage platform and sole plate.
(v) Cut and erect rakers commencing with the bottom shore.
(vi) Fix cleats, distance blocks, binding and if necessary cross bracing over the backs of the shores.

Figure: Typical raking shore arrangements and intersections

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Const. Technology Notes © J. Kiranga
Flying or Horizontal shoring
- These are applied commonly to temporary supports to either;
(a) Two gabble walls adjacent to a building which is to be removed and rebuilt.
(b) Parallel walls on opposite sides on a narrow street providing the span is not in excess of 12.000 m.
- They do not require ground support. They more efficient because as a rule their thrust is immediately
opposite to the disturbing force.
- They are economical than raking shore.
- The flying shore is fixed in line with the floor and is supported at each end on a needle strengthened by
a cleat.
- The site operations for the setting out and erection of a flying shoring system are similar to those
enumerated for raking shore.

Figure: Typical single Flying shore

Figure: Typical Double flying shore


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Const. Technology Notes © J. Kiranga
Unsymmetrical Flying shore
- Arrangements of flying shores for unsymmetrical situations can be devised if the basic principles for
symmetrical shores is applied.
- In some cases the arrangement will consist of a combination of both raking and flying shore principles.

Figure: Typical unsymmetrical flying shore

Sample examination questions


1. (i) State FIVE situations where shoring may be required and outline the operational sequence
for erecting flying shore.
(ii) Sketch and label a typical flying shore for a short span. (9 marks)

2. With the aid of a sketch, describe dead shoring. (6 marks)

3. Sketch and label the following types of shores:


(i) raking shores;
(ii) flying shores. (6 marks)

4. (i) Differentiate between the following:-


- Shoring;
- Scaffolding.
(ii) With the aid of a sketch, describe a ‘Raking Shore’. (8 marks)

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Const. Technology Notes © J. Kiranga

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