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Introduction to Quantum Computing

The document provides an introduction to quantum computation, covering fundamental concepts such as qubits, quantum superposition, and quantum entanglement. It explains the significance of the Bloch sphere and gate operations, including examples like the Hadamard and CNOT gates. Additionally, it highlights the implications of quantum measurement and the phenomenon of quantum teleportation.

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5 views

Introduction to Quantum Computing

The document provides an introduction to quantum computation, covering fundamental concepts such as qubits, quantum superposition, and quantum entanglement. It explains the significance of the Bloch sphere and gate operations, including examples like the Hadamard and CNOT gates. Additionally, it highlights the implications of quantum measurement and the phenomenon of quantum teleportation.

Uploaded by

navnith0503
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An Introduction to

Quantum Computation

The Quantum Computing Society


IIT Madras

1
Quantum Teleportation

2
Quantum Mechanics - Basics
● A classical bit can exist either in a 0 or 1 state.

● A qubit, on the other hand can be a combination of both simultaneously

● A qubit spans a “2-D Hilbert Space”:

3
Bloch Sphere
● The Bloch sphere is a geometrical representation for pure two - level quantum
systems

4
Quantum Superposition
● Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics that
states that the linear combination of solutions to the Schrodinger equation are
also solutions of the Schrodinger equation.

● Physically what this means is that a system’s state can be a linear combination
of multiple classical states, until it is measured. Once measured, it collapses
into one of the classical states.

5
6
Gate Operations
● Each gate corresponds to a matrix.

● Gate operation on a qubit is essentially just the multiplication of the gate


matrix to the qubit

● For example: Hadamard acting on |0> :

7
Gate Operations
● Each gate corresponds to a matrix.

● Gate operation on a qubit is essentially just the multiplication of the gate matrix to the qubit

● For example: Hadamard acting on |0> :

8
Pauli Gates

9
Hadamard Gate:

10
Multi Qubit States:
A multi-qubit system is a collection of multiple qubits, treated as a single system. In
classical computing, a system of N bits can be in 2^N states. For example, for a 2-bit
system, there are 4 possible states 00, 01, 10, and 11.

11
CNOT/C-X Gate

12
Generating an EPR Pair

13
Quantum Entanglement
● Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon of a group of particles being generated,
interacting, or sharing spatial proximity in such a way that the quantum state of each particle of
the group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, including when the
particles are separated by a large distance.

● Physically what it means is that measuring just one of them affects all the entangled qubits.

● The most popular example of an entangled state is a Bell state:

● This is what we take advantage of for quantum teleportation and algorithms

14
Quantum Measurement:

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