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CSE 209 Lab 02

This lab report investigates series-parallel DC circuits and verifies Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL). The experiment involved constructing a circuit, measuring voltage drops and currents, and comparing experimental results with theoretical calculations, confirming the validity of Kirchhoff’s Laws. The findings enhance understanding of electrical circuit behavior and measurement techniques.

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74 views10 pages

CSE 209 Lab 02

This lab report investigates series-parallel DC circuits and verifies Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL). The experiment involved constructing a circuit, measuring voltage drops and currents, and comparing experimental results with theoretical calculations, confirming the validity of Kirchhoff’s Laws. The findings enhance understanding of electrical circuit behavior and measurement techniques.

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sourovkumarargho7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of CSE

LAB REPORT
Course Code and Name:

CSE - 209
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Experiment No. 02

Experiment Name:

Series-Parallel DC circuit and Verification of Kirchhoff’s Law.

Semester and Year: Group NO:

Spring 2025 02

Name of Student and ID: Course Instructor Information:

M.M Tamim Uz Zaman (2023-3-60-298) M. Saddam Hossain Khan


Sourov Kumar Argho (2024-3-60-572) Senior Lecturer
Md. Razwan Ahamed (2023-3-60-418) Department of Computer Science &
Mst. Sadia Afroz (2022-3-60-122) Engineering

Date of Report Submitted: Pre-Lab Marks


Post Lab Marks
15/03/2025
TOTAL Marks
ABSTRACT
This lab report explores the analysis of series-parallel DC circuits and the verification of
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL). These fundamental laws
form the basis of electrical circuit analysis, ensuring that the total voltage around a closed loop
equals zero (KVL) and that the total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving it
(KCL). In this experiment, a circuit consisting of resistors in both series and parallel
configurations was constructed. Voltage drops across components and currents at various nodes
were measured using a digital multimeter. The experimental results were then compared with
theoretical calculations obtained through circuit analysis techniques, such as mesh and nodal
analysis. Any deviations observed were analyzed and attributed to factors such as internal
resistance of measuring instruments, wire resistance, and component tolerances. The results
confirmed the validity of Kirchhoff’s Laws within acceptable error margins, reinforcing their
significance in electrical circuit design and analysis. This experiment provided hands-on
experience in circuit measurement techniques and enhanced the understanding of electrical
circuit behavior in practical applications.

OBJECTIVES

 To understand series and parallel connection in circuit.


 To verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL).
 To verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL).
THEORY AND EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Theory: Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that the sum of the voltage rises around a
closed path is equal to the sum of the voltage drops. The KVL can be written in the following
mathematical form:
raise drop

The sum of the voltage rises and the sum of the voltage drops are to be calculated in a given
direction (normally in the clockwise direction). For example, in the simple series circuit of
Figure 1, there are two voltage sources (E1 and E2) and two resistors (R1 and R2). The voltage
drops across the two resistors are V1 and V2, respectively. If we write KVL equation for the
clockwise direction, then the KVL equation will be

1 2 1 2
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) states that the sum of the currents entering a node of a
circuit is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node. The KCL can be written in the
following mathematical form:

i o

For example, in the simple parallel circuit of Figure 2, there is a voltage source (E) and two
resistors (R1 and R2). The source current drawn from the voltage source is Is. The currents
through resistors R1 and R2 are I1 and I2, respectively. If we consider the node a of the circuit,
then Is is entering the node and I1 and I2 are leaving the node. Then, the KCL equation for the
node a is

A series-parallel circuit is one that is formed by a combination of series and parallel resistors.
For solving series-parallel circuit, parallel combinations of resistors and series combination
of resistors are clearly identified. Then series-parallel reduction method is used to determine
the values of the circuit variables. For example, in the simple series-parallel circuit of Figure
3, the resistors R2 and R3 are in parallel and this parallel combination is in series with the
resistor R1. As the resistors R2 and R3 are in parallel, V2 = V3. Let Rp = R2 || R3 . Then, the
equivalent resistance of the series-parallel combination is Req = R1 + Rp. Now, the circuit
variables can be calculated using the formulas

1 eq

1 1 1

V2=V3=I1Rp

I2= V2/R2
I3= V3/R3

The KVL equations for the circuit of Figure 3 can be written as

E=V1+V2

The KCL equation for the circuit of Figure 3 can be written as

I1=I2+I3

Circuit Diagram:

Experimental Datasheet:

Measured Measured Measured Measured Measured Measured Measured Measured


value of E value of value of value of value of I1 value of I2 value of I3 value of
(V) V1 (V) V2(V) V3 (V) (mA) (mA) (mA) Resistances
()
R1 91.5
3V 2.1V 0.6V 0.6V 22.5mA 15mA 7.1mA R2 41.5
R3 92.3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Answers to Post-lab report questions:


1. Measured value of, E = 3V
Measured value of, R1 = 91.5
Measured value of, R2 = 41.5
Measured value of, R3 = 92.3
Now,

R2 and R3 are in parallel, Rp =

= 28.63
Equivalent Resistance, R = Rp + R1
= 28.63 + 91.5
= 120.13
Now,

Value of V1 =

= 2.2V

Value of V2 =

= 0.7V

Value of V3 =

= 0.7V
Now,
According to Ohm’s law, 1 =

Value of I2 =

Value of I3 =

Here measured values are slight different form the calculated values. This difference
maybe occurred for some technical issue, temperature, measurement method.

2. (i) From the calculated values,


V2 = 0.7 V and V3 = 0.7 V
So, V2 = V3 (Showed)

(ii) Measured value of , E = 3V


Now,
V1 + V2 = 2.2 + 0.7 = 2.9
So, E = V1 + V2
(Showed)
(iii) Value of I1 = 24.97 mA
I2 + I3 = 16.86 + 7.5 = 24.36
So, I1 = I2 + I3
(Showed)

CONCLUSION
In this lab, we verified Kirchhoff’s Laws for voltage and current known as KVL and KCL. After
constructing the circuit with parallel and series resistors we measured the values of the voltage
difference and current passing through each resistor. Then we proved KVL and KCL from the
measured values. And the values showed us that Kirchhoff’s Law holds. After that we tried to
prove the laws theoretically which also showed us that Kirchhoff’s Law holds.

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