(UNIT I. ANALOGIES ‘Analogy means process of reasoning between parallel cases. In the problems based on analogy, a relationship js given and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided DIFFERENT KINDS OF RELATIONSHIPS 1. SYNONYM RELATIONSHIP. Example- Kind : Benevolent Benevolent is the synonym of Kind, ‘Some more Examples. 1. Encumber Burden 2. Escape ‘Abscond 3. Recapitulate Synopsize 4, Abnegate Reject 5. Adipose Fatty 6. Flaunt Display 7. Dubious : Doubtful 8 Dowdy f Shabby 9. Entice Ei Allure 10. Indigenous : Native 11. Rabid 5 Furious 12. Regale Entertain 13. Hegemony Leadership 14. Taciturn Silent 15. Piquant Pungent 16. Eulogy Praise 17. Grandiose Pompous 18. Fawn Flattery 19. Ebullient Exuberant 20. Intrepid Brave 2. ANTONYM RELATIONSHIP Example ~ Opaque : Transparent Transparent is antonym of Opaque. Some more Examples. Heat SF tee 1. Exempt Obliged, 2. Desultory Methodical 3. Immune ‘Susceptible 4. Alleviate Aggravate 5. Elastic Rigid 6. Gregarious Introverted 7. Concentrated Dissipated 8. Acquit Convict 9. Rough Smooth 10. Polite at Proud 41, Strange ; Familiar 42. Wild Tame 13. Hatred Love 14. Mild Harsh 15. Natural Artificial 16. Optimist Pessimist 17. Clever Stupid . Discover Conceal Deep Shallow . Seldom Otten WORKER AND ARTICLE RELATIONSHIP Example — Carpenter : Furniture A carpenter makes furniture. Some other Examples are given below. 1. Editor : Newspaper 2. Sculptor Bust 3. Author Novei 4. Architect Design 5. Composer Symphony 6. Goldsmith Ornaments 7. Chet . Food 8. Tailor : Clothes 9. Mason ; wall 10. Farmer Crop 11, Cobbler Shoes 12. Teacher Edueation 18. Choreographer Ballet 14, Judge Justice 4. WORKER AND TOOL RELATIONSHIP Example ~ SurgeonRoar gninozso® | [sta A Surgeon uses Forceps. 4. Duck Duckling Some other Examples are given below 5. Frog Tadpole 4. Blacksmith Hammer 6. Caterpillar Butterfly 2. Carpenter saw 7. Swan Cygnet 3. Driver Forklift 8. Dog Puppy 4. Tailor Sewing machine | 9. Horse Pony 5, Hunter Gun 7 Hen Chicken 6. Electrician Voltmeter . Sheep Lamb. 7. Doctor Thermometer 7 Stallion : colt p-Lsronner Plough: 7. RAW MATERIAL AND FINISHED. 2 Soe PRODUCT RELATIONSHIP 10. Woodcutter 1 = Axe ‘Example ~ Orange : Marmala ‘Orange : Marmelade 11 Set : Chisel Marmalade is a product made from oranges. = ere Some more Examples are given below. 13. Warrior Sword ena ena Me cote Gare |S ae re € : 3. Flour Noodles 15. Salons ‘Trowel 4. - Cocoa Chocolate 17. Barber Scissor Jelly 18. Gardener Harrow Se .Golating ‘ 6. Glass Prism ia ee : oan 7. Leather Shoes 8. Jute Sack 5. MALE AND FEMALE RELATIONSHIP 9. Asphalt Road Example — Dog : Bitch 10. Pulp Paper Bitch is the female Dog. Some more Examples 1. Horse Mare 2. Lion Lioness 3. Drone Bee 4. Tiger Tigress 5. Nephew Niece 6. Stag Deer 7. Man : Woman 8. Bull a Cow 9. Sorcerer Sorceress 10. Gentlemen Lady 6. ANIMAL AND YOUNG ONE ‘Example - Lion : Cub Cub is a young Lion, Some more Examples 14... Human Child 2. Hare Leveret 3. Cow Calf STUDY AND Toric RELATIONSHIP Example - Seismology : Earthquakes We know that Seismology is the study of Earthquake. Some more Examples 1. Orography Mountains 2. Anthropology Mankind 3. Speleology Caves 4. Lexicology Vocabulary 5. Opthalmology Eyes 6. Omithology Birds 7. Topology Shapes and surfaces 8. Pedology . Soil 9. Pathology : Diseases 10. Semantics Language 11. Cardiology Heart 12. Nephrology Kidney 9. WORD AND INTENSITY[RT-3 Hore the two words in the question pair are similar in meaning, but one of the words is stronger or greater in degree than the other word in the pair. Example - Zephyr : Gale Zephyr is a milder wind than Gale. Some more Examples. 4, Peocadillo Crime 2. Hesitate Procrastinate 3. Trickle Torrent 4, Seldom Rarely 5. Anger Rage 6. Often Usually 7. Initated Exasperated 8. Abounding Glutted 9. Wish Desire : 10. Refuse Deny 11. Famous Renowned 12. Error Blunder 18. Crime Sin 14. Kindle Burn { 15. Moist Drench \ 16. INSTRUMENT AND MEASUREMENT, Reasoning Theory J ‘Example - Screw Gauge : Thickness Screw Gauge is used to measure Thickness. Some more Examples 1. Ammeter Current 2. Hygrometer Humidity 3, Thermometer Temperature 4, Barometer Pressure 5. Seismorgraph Earthquake 6. Odometer Speed 11. WHOLE AND PART RELATIONSHIP ‘Example - Car : Wheel Wheel is a part of car. ‘Some more Examples 1, -Moter : Coil 2. Constellation i Star 3. Regiment Soldier 4, Portfolio Security (Share) 5. Flotilla PT Boats 6. Panel 3 Jurors. UNIT I. CODING - DECODING A code is a ‘system of signs’ or ‘secret writing’ eto. Used to ensure secrecy. The problems based on coding \and decoding test the candidate's ability to find the principle, pattern or {aw the! ~ades a particular message. 1, LETTER CODING In these problems, code values are assigned to a werd in terms of the alphabets. You may be asked. (@) To find the code for given word or {b) To find the meaning of given ¢ode. Mustration 1. If MAILED is coded as NBJMFE, how will you code the word ACTED) ? Solution : Here in the code, each letter is the alphabet Text to the corresponding letter in the word, So M has become N, A has become B and’ so on. Therefore code for the word ACTED will be BDUFE. Mlustration 2. i GATE 's code as WZGV how will you code COME ? \ Solution ; Here the coding is done in backward alphabetic order i.e. A ig coded as Z, B as X, C as W and so on. So code for COME is XLV. Ilustration 3. tt BUS is coded as DWU what will be the code for ROBS ? ‘Solution ; Clearly, code is formed by skippling oné letter Le. C for A, D for B, E for C and so on. So code for ROBS is TQDU; Mustration 4. ITAP is coded as SZO then how will you code FREEZE? ‘Solution : Each letter in the given code Is the alphabet before the corresponding letter in the word. he. A for Z, C for B, D for C and so on. SO code for FREEZE will be EQDDYD. Wlustration 5. \t ih a certain language KINDLE is coded a ELDNIK how is CHILD coded in that coded? Solution } In the code, the arrangement of the letters in the word is wholly reversed. So code for CHILD will be DLIHC. Ilusiration 6. If in a certain language PEARL is coded jas SHDUO, how is PROBLEM coded in that code? | : ABe D Noo P F HoT Ql Rs OMWX Ve wom[Reaso..ing Theory Solution : In the given code, than the corresponding letter in t D, B becomes E and so on. PROBLEM will be SUREOHP. Hvstration 7. If in a certain lan coded as QPQVMBS, which word would as GBNPVT ? Solution ; Each letter of the word is on ihe corresponding letter of the code. So cor represents FAMOUS. : Mustration 8. If in a certain code COVET Is written as FRYHW, which word would be written as SHDUO? Solution : Each ie the corresponding represents the word PEARL. Ilustration 9. It in a certain code, SWITCH is written as TVJSDG, which word would be written: as COFZE? Solution : Each letter at odd place in the word is one step behind and each letter at even plage in the word is ‘one step ahead of the corresponding letter of the code. So given code represents the word BREAD. Mlustration 10. If in a certain code TELEVISION is coded as NOISIVELET, which word would be coded as ROTAREGIRFER. Solution : In the given code, the order of letters of the word is reversed. So, reverse the letters in the code to get the word. Therefore the given code represents REFRIGERATOR. : 2. NUMBER CODING In this coding scheme either letters of the alphabet ra allotted a numerical value or aumetical values are: allotted letters of the alphabet. { You may bz asked. (a) To find the word for the given number or (b) To find the number for the given word. Mlustration 1. if LODES is coved as 46321, how will you code the word DOES ? Solution : Here all the letters of DOES are included in the letfer of LODES for which we have the codq D = 3, = 6,E=2,S = 1. Therefore DOES = 3621. Mlustration 2. if in a certain code ACE = 135, how will you code ACTED ? Sotution : the iciters are allotted the corresponding A number they have in the alphabet, 1,B=2,C=3andscon. ( Therefore code ‘to: ED will be 1-3-20-5-4, Mustration 3. is coded as 23 - 26 - 7 ~ 22 how will you © > ZAL? each letter is two ahead he word. So A becomes Therefore code for guage, POPULAR is be coded 1e step behind de GBNPVT ‘ord is three steps behind epde. So code SHDUO Solution . The alphabets are coded RT-4 J ‘Solution : The letters are allotted numbers from end to beginning (Z to A) maintaining normal alphabetic sequence in the reverse direction Le., A = 26, B = 25, C = 24 and so on. 0 code fore ZEAL will be 1 - 22 - 26 - 15. illustration 4. If CABLE is coded as 6 - 4-5 ~ 15 ~ 8, how will you code BACK ? Solution : In the given code letter A= 4, B=5,C=6,D =7, E = 8 and 80 on. Therefore code for the given word BACK will be 5 - 4 ~ 6 - 14. Ilustration 5. In a certain code, 15789 is written as ‘AXBTC, 2346 is written as MPDU. How is 23549 written in that code.? Solution ; The numbers are coded as shown below . 1 Boe Fs 9 2 3°94 6 ASX Th C-M. P OD U Le.2.as M, 3as P, 5 as X, 4.as D and 9 as C so 23549 is coded as MPXDC. Iustration 6. If GIVE is coded as 5137 and BAT is coded as 924, how is GATE coded ? as shown below. Wace ey BAST Rego 1 NS ee gs. 2.4 | $6 GATE is coded as 5247. Ilustration 7. if ROPE is coded as 6821 and CHAIR ‘coded as 73456|then what will be the code for CRAPE? Solution : The alphabets are coded as shown below. BOO ere Ce HAL cl 6. Beet a8. So CRAPE will be\coded as 76421. ilustration 8. In @ certain code HOTEL has been coded as 300. What will be the code for BORE ? Solution : We assign the 1.2.3... 26 to ABC, respectively then H of T c ie 8 15 S20 5 wm Adding all numbers we get 60, < Now it is given code Yor HOTEL is 300 which is five times of 60, (Le.. 60 miytiplied by numbers or alphabels in the word), Hence to encode BORE Bo FR El age 241841845440. 5 Tho code for BORE is 40 muntipli d by of alphabets in the word BORE ie. 40 y. 4 c woe illustration 9. In a certain language 36492 is written as SMILE and 058 is write i the code for 92486 2 ropa ee[RT-5 ution ; The numbers in the given figure are coded as follows. $564 89 2 O 5& 8 s Mitt eRuN ‘$0 code for 92486 will be LEINM. tration 10. In.a certain code CAI ee SCOOTER ° ‘Ris 22 so what Sc/ution : We assign numerical values 1,2,3 .... to A.B,C..... respectively. So for CAR we have c ‘ 3 1 Adding 3,1 and 18 we get 22. Which CAR. Therefore for SCOOTER. G0. 0. EA 194+3+15+ 15+ 2045+ 18=95 The code for SCOCTER is 95> 3. MISCELLANEOUS CODING licstration 1. It bat is racket, racket is football, football is shuttle, shuttle is ludo and ludo is carrum, vhat is cricket played with ? ‘Solution : Cricket is played with a bat and a bat is callec a racket. So cricket is played with a racket. Mustration 2. If clock is called television, television is called radio, radio is called oven, oven is called grinder and grinder is called iron, in what will a lady bake? Solution : The lady shall-bake in an oven but oven is called grinder. So the lady will bake in a grinder. Illustration 3. In a certain code, nee tim see means how are you; ble nee see means where are you. What is the ‘code for where ? Solution ; In the first and second statements, the ‘common code words nee and see means are and you. So in the second statement, the remaining code ble means where. ‘ ilustration 4. in a certain code language, pit nae tom means apple is green; nae ho tap means green and white and ho tom ka means shirt is white. Which Word represents apple in the language ? Solution : In the jirst and second statements, the common code word-is nae and the common words is green. So nae means green. In the first and thitd Stavements, the common code word is tom and the ‘common word is is. So, tom means is, Therefore in the first statement pit means apple. illustration 5. In a certain code language, kew xes huma deko means she is eating apples; Kew tepo given code for Reasoning Theory J ‘quo means she sells toys and sul lim.deko. means [like apples. Which words in the language. means she and apples? Solution ; In the first and second-statements, the ‘common code word is Kew and the common word. is she. kew means she. In the first and third:statements, the common code word is deko and the common word is apples. So deko means apples. s IMustration 6. In a certain code language, pu ki tep ma means Ushz is playing-cards.; kop ja ki ma means Asha is playing tennis ; ki top sop ho means they are playing football, and po siz kop means cards and tennis. Which word in that language means Asha? . Solution : In the first and second’statements, the common Gods words are ki and ma; and the common words are is and playing: So ki and mia ate the codes for is and playing. In the second and third Statements the common code word is kiand common word is playing 80, ki means playing. In the. second and fourth statements, the common code word is kop, and the ‘common word is-tennis. So, kop means tennis; Therefore in the second:statement, ja means. Asha. IMlustration 7. Ina certain code language, pul ta nop means fruit is good ; nop Ko tir means tree is tlt and pul ho sop'means eat gdod food. Which word in that language méans fruit ? Le Solution; In the first and second statements, the ‘common cade word is nop and the common werd is is: So, nop means is. In the first and thitd statements the ‘common code word is pul and the common wotd is good. So, pul means good. Thus, in the first statement, ta ‘means fruit. - Iilustration 8. \f in a certain language, mxy das zci means good little frock; jmx cos zci means gitl behaves good ; nug drs cos means girl makes mischief and das ajp cos means little girl felt; which word in that language stands for frock ? Solution : \n the first and second statements, the common code word is zo/ and the common word is good. So, 2ci means good. In the first and fourth statements, the common code word is das and the common word'is little. So, das means little. Thus in the first statement mxy means frock. ilustration 9..In a certain code languags, 3a ~ 2b - 7e means Truth is Eternal ;.7¢ - 9.~8b — 3a means Enmity, isnot Eternal; and 9a - 4d ~ 2b - 8b means Triith does not peris:t. What is the code for Enmity in that language? - Solution : In the second and third statements, the ‘common code is 9a and the common word is not.{Reasoning Theory So, 94 means not. In the first and second statements, the common codes are 7c and 3a and the common word are is and Eternal, Therefore 8b means Enmily in the second statement. Mlustration 10. tn a certain code langyage 194 means Good And Tasty; 478 means See Good Pictures; and 729 means Pictures Are Faint, Which digit in that code stands for See ? Solution : In the first and second statements, the common code digit is 4 and the common word is good. So 4 stands for Good. In the second and third statements, the common code digit is 7 and the common word is Pictures. So, 7 stands for Pictures. Thus, in the second statement, 8 stands for Soe. Mlestration 11. n a certain code, 247 means spread red carpet; 256 means dust one carpet; and 264 means one red carpet. Which digit in that code means dust ? ‘Sclution : in the first and second statements, the cemmon code digit is 2 and the common word is carpet. So, 2 means carpet. in the second and third statements, tie common code digits are ¢ and 2 the common words 9 one and carpet. Now 2 mean carpet. So; 6 means Therefore in the second statement, 5 means dist Mustration 12. In a certain code, 253'means books ar. old ; 546 means mai is old; and 378 means buy good books. What stands for are ih that code? Solution : In the first.and second statements, the ‘common code digit is 5 and the common word is’ old. So, 5 stands for old. in the first, and third statements, :32 common code digit is 3 and the common word is boz':s. 80, 3 stands for books. Thus, in the first ent, 2 stands for are. RI-6] | ‘WMustration 13. If cinto baoli tsi nzro means her village is sarupxr; mhi cinto keepi tsi oind means her first love is literature; and oind geint tsi cinto pki means literature collection is her hobby, which word would mean literature 2 Solution : In the first and second statements, the ‘common code words are cinto and tsi, and the common words are her and is. In the second and third statements, cinfo.and tsi means her and is. Another common code word Is oind and the common word is literature. So, oind would mean literature. illustration 14. If nitco sco tingo stands for softer than flower ; tingo rho mss, stands tor sweet flower fragrance and mst sco tmp stands for sweet than smile what would fragrance stand for ? ‘Solution : In the first and second statements, the ‘common.code is tingo and the common word is flower. So tingo means flower. In the second and third statements, the common code is mst-and the common word is sweet. So,’mst means sweet. Thus, in the second statement, rho means fragrance. Illustration 15. \f in a certain language, oka peru means fine cloth; meta fisa means clear water and dona lisa peru means fine clear weather, what word in that language means weather ? Solution : In the fitst and third statements, the common ‘code word, is peru and the common word is fine. So, peru means. fine. In the second and third statements, the common code word is lisa and the common word is clear. So lisa means clear. Therefore, in the third statement, dona means weather. UNiT Ill. SERIES COMPLETIO In these kinds of problems, a series is given which isllows a pattern. The candidate has to either fill the series or to find the term which does not fit into pattern of the series, The given series can be : (a) Number series or (b) Letter series. Illustration 1. Which is the number that comes next : 16 1,5 9,96 25, 789,42 81,40 121432 9 ution : The given séries is of scuares of odd 15, 1, 3, 5, 7,9, 11. : ‘the next erm will be square of 13 ke. 19, tration 2. Which terms comes next in the given ence 2 2-2-8 Bn G11, 5 16.4.0 Solution : The difference between consecutive numbers increases by 1, Thus, the sequence is + 2, + 3, +4, +5. .. Therefore the next number will be 16+6= 22. Mustration 3. Find out the missing term. S24, 12°) 20 18,.- 8, 24 Solution : The given sequence is a combination of two Seties 6, 12, 18, 24 and 24,2 8 Te is Series consists of consecutive multiples cf 6 'e second series consists of multiples of 8: Therelore the missin 1g number is tha yin betwoon 8 and 24, «hich is 16, ne OF 8 s(Rez, mn 4. Which is the number that comes next in the following sequence 2 9 15, 23, 33, 2 ‘solution :. The Sequence increases by 6, then 8,10 SF finally 12, So next term will be 45. ustration 5. Find out the missing term. £, 9, 28, 65, 126, Solution : The given sequence is 18 + 1,294 1, 3° +4, 4241, 59+ Toon. Therelore the missing number = 69+ 42216 +1 = 217. Mustration 6. Find out the missing term 4, 9 5, 12, 7, 18 8, 2 10 Solution : The given sequence is a combination of two series : 4,5,7.8,10 and 9,12,15 2. So the missing term is 18. Mlustration 7. Find out the missing term in the given sequence. 1 5 11, 18, 28, Solution : The second term increases by 4, third term by 6, fourth term by 8, and fifth term by 10. So sixth term will be 29 + 12 = 41. 4. Find out the wrong term in the given series. 380, 188, 92, 48, 20,8, 2 Solution : Each term, except 48 in the series is four more than two times the next term. e.g. 380 = 2 x 188 +4, 188 =2 x 92+4 and soon Mustration 9. Find out the wrong term in the given sequence 412, 114, 120, 124, 132, 142, 154. Solution : The wrong term is 120. The terms are \creas'ng by 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and so on. The correct term is 118. Mlustration 10. Find out the wrong term. 25, 36, 49, 81, 121, 169, 225. ‘Solution : The correct series is 5%, 6? 7%, 9, 11, 13, 182.......... So, the wrong term is 36. Mustration 11. Find out the wrong term. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, 50, Souuttion : The numbers are 1? + 1, 2° +1, 32+ 1 and so ‘on. So last term cf the series should be 8? + 1 = G5. ‘So wrong term is 64. illustration 12, Find out tz missing term in the given series, 1,9, 17, 33, 49, 73, felution : The given series is increasing by 8, 8, 16, 16, 2 So Missing number = 73 + 24 = 97 64. we as Reasoning Theory } -% Mustration 13. Find out the next term of the given series. 50, 49, 46, 41, 34 Solution ; The given series is decreasing by 1,3,5,7 and so on, So the noxt term of the series will be 34 - 9 = 25. Mustration 14. Find out the next term of the given series. 15, 31, 63, 127, 255 Solution : In the given series each number is double the preceding one, plus 1 So, the next number is (255 2) + Mustration 15. Find out the m following series. HUA GTz FSY ERX 2 Solution : All the letters of each term are moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letters of the next term. So next term will be DAW. Mustration 16. Find out the missing term of the following series. EAC GCE IEG Solution : The first letters of the terms are alternate, and similarly the second and the third letters. So next term will be KGI Wustration 17. Find out the missing term of the following series. AZ BY” cx ‘Solution : The first letter of each term is moved one step forward and the second letter is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding jetters of the next term, So next term will be DW. Mustration 18. Find out the missing term in the given series. 511 ing term of the ave RWH 2 ‘The fitst letters of the terms are in alphabetical 4 so are the second and third letters. So next order, ar term of the giver. series will be SXI. Mlustration 19. Find out the missing term in the given series. AK, EO, IS, 2, QA, UE ww. Solution : The first and second letters of each term are skippe1 four steps forward to obtain the next term. So missing term is MW. illustration 20. Find out the missing term in the given series. cx, FU, Ir, » OL, RLRI-8 J [Reasoning Theory of each ter ‘Solution ; The first letter of t ‘stops forward-and the second [etter IS backward to obtain the correspondin term. So missing term is LO. ae ratior ies some IMustration 21. In the given seri jetters are missing. Find our those letters: ga = canny eo aban 0 /8MER Se Solution : The series is aab / aaab / aaaab / nance Thus, the number of a’s is increasing by one 1 suocossive sequence. So, missing letters are bbba. Ilustre%on 22. Find out the missing letters in the given cries. acc - be - & - ‘Solution : The series is acob / boca / accb / bec, Thus, the patie accb / boca is repeated. rm is moved three moved three steps 1g lettet of the next ecbbec = ind out the missing letters in the Tilustration 23. Fi given series. Sy be, o> eererbb es solution ; The series is abo / cab / bea / abe. Thus, the jotters are in a cyclic order. mustration 24. Find out the missing letters in the given series. ba - b- aabb -a- - a — Solution : The series is baab / baab / baab / baab / b. Thus, the pattern bab is repeated. Mustration 25. Find out the missing letters in the given series. och - ¢ - bbe -b-ce- - ccbb Solution : The series is cebb / ccbb / cebb / cobb / cbb. Thus, the pattern cobb is repeated. a aabe bb UNIT IV. ODD MAN OUT In these kinds of questions you are given a group of similar items oxcept one, you are ‘supposed to identify that item. Directions (for Iilustration 1 to 5) : In each of the following questions, a set of words have been given, out of which four are similar and one is different. Choose out the odd one. Mustration 1. (a) Garnet (b) Ruby —_{ef Graphite (0) Emerald ——_(e) Topaz Solution : All except Graphite are precious stones, Craphite is odd one in given question. Mlustration 2. (@) Phi (b) Gamma (c) Delta ey Peso (e) Beta. Solution : All except Peso are Greek letters, while Peso in a currency. Spear Mustration 3. (a) Copper (6) Tin Jey Brass (d) Platinum (e) Zine Solution : Here, all except Brass are metals, while Brass in an alloy. Hence Brass is odd one in given set, Illustration 4. (a) Calf (b) Cub (d) Duckling (ey Hireling * Sdlution : Here, all except Hire ro ‘Sélution pt Hireling are ysung ones of (©) Pigiet So i traling is the odd one in given set. Mlustration 5. (a) Carrot (b) Potato (d) Ginger (e) Beetroot Solution : Here all except Tomato grow under ground. ‘So Tomato is odd one. Mlustration 6. (a) Doe (b) Bitch {ay Drone (e) Mare. Solution : All except Drone are females. So Drone is ‘odd one in the given set. Jlustration 7. fay Coriander. (b) Jasmine (a) Lily (e) Rose Solution : All exc i ilustration 8. 4efTaste | ~ (a) Gulp Solution : All except Ta: is Odd one in given set, Mustration 9, (a) Ode Agi Tomato (c) Sorceress (0) Lotus .. (b) Chew (©) Lick. ste are ways of eating. So Taste (c) Swallow (©) Lyric (d) Limerick (eY Epic ee Solution : : ge on: Se eee Ele are different types of poems. a ilustration 19, ee (@) Neigh {oNeop () Roar (¢) Hiss 427 Thump[RT-9 Reasoning Theory ]___ ‘Solution : A' except Thump are the sounds of animals. | Solution iGo (0) is different because 53 is the only $erhump Is odd one in given set pirections : In the following questions, certain pairs of words are given out of which the words In all airs except one per" @ certain common lationship. Choose the pair in which the words are differently related. mestration 11. {a) Twigs : Nest (b) Wood : Furniture {e) Pitcher : Pottery (d) Gold ; Omaments olution : Choice (c) is odd one. In all other groups, first is the material used to make the second. Mustration 12. (a) Whale : Mammal (hb) Salamander : Insect (c) Snake : Reptile (0) Frog : Amphibian n_: Choice (b) is odd one. In all other groups, second is the class of animals to which the first belongs. Mustration 13. (@) Scalpel : Surgeon {py Chisel : Soldier i} b= Cobbler (@) Knife : Chet Solutic. _ he pair ©) is odd one. In all other groups, 0, used by the second, Wheat (b) Grit : Pulses feyGrain : Crop (@) Dregs : Wine Solution : The pair (c) is odd one. In all other groups first is the waste obtained from the second. Mustration 15. (a) Fish : Pisciculture JO Birds : Horticulture (C) Bees : Apicutture (9) Silkworm : Sericulture ‘Solution ; The pair (b) is odd one. In all other groups, ‘second is the name given to arlficial rearing of the first. Directions : In each of the following questions, all choices are alike except one. Select the one which ic different, Mustration 16, (@) Boa (b) CDe ef DoF (2) EFg se) FGh Solution : The letter group DeF different. In all other lotter groups, the last letter is small. Mlustration 47. (a) 78 (a) 65 (b) 26 {e) 39 AT 53 prime number. Mustration 18. ay jie {e) moght Solution : Except choice (b) vez, (a) pr (a) ‘All are on same pattern Le. they follow the sequence +2,42,44 (b) 23 (9) 43 yt Solution ; Except choice (2), sum of digits of other numbers is odd. Mustration 20. (a) Crowd (b) Flock (d) Swarm fefTeam Solution : Except choice (e), all others are collections of animais. Mustration 21. (a) Brinjal (b) Mango (d) Papaya fF Potato Solution : All except Potato contain see () is different. (c) Herd (c} Tomato So choice Mlwstration 22. : (a) Peacock (ey Swan —_(¢) Koel {d) Crow (e) Parrot Solution : All except (b).are similar. Swan is the only water bird in the group. Mustration 23. a) Bud (b) Branch (d) Root (ey Plant Solution Except Plant, ail are parts of a plant, Se odd one is (@). Mlustration 24, fay KLE b) BBC (a) AFA (e) GGH Solution : Except in (a), in all other letter groups the firct lottor is repeated. So odd one is (a). (c) Leat (c) DED My xtration 25. (a) Square (by Circle (0) Trianglo (d) Rectangle ution : Except (b} i.e. Circle all other figures are rounded by streight linas, So answer is (0). 19 =[Reasoning Theory (UNIT V. se types of questions mathematical costaons ike edition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc, are represented by symbols different from the usual ones. ‘The candidates have to solve the questions as per directions. Some Examples are given below. Mustration 1. If + means #,+ means — , ~ means x and x mecns +, what will be the value of 8+4 +3, 579? a oa ‘Solution : Using correct symbols the given expression becom: 4-345x9 32-345x9 =>2- S$ -45 = 44. By following BODMAS rule the value © given expression is 44, Mlustr; “ion 2. if + means x , — means + and x means +, find the vaiue of 5 + 4 - 18 x 3. Solution : When- we use correct symbols, the given expression becomes. 5x 4+18+3, > 5x4+6 »204+6=26 RT-10 ] MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS } denotes -, C denotes x, D denotes tion 3. Hh A ustration hen what is the value of 14 3 A +, E denotes +, t! 12E4D2? Solution : When we use c expression becomes 14 x 3 42242-1242 =32 a 7 jon 4, If A stands for +, B stands for —, saat for z what is the value of (10C4) A (4C4) B6? : ‘Solution : When we use correct notations, the given ‘expression becomes (10 x 4) + (4 x 4) - 6 = 40+ 16-6= 50 Mustration 5. If+ means x, ~means +, x means - and B means +, then what is the value of 9+ 8B 8-4 « 97 ‘Solution : When we use correct notations we have Gx. B4+844-9 =9 x B+2-9=72+2-9=65 jorrect notations, the given —124442 =14x3-12 “ | UNIT VI. HUMAN RELATIONSHIP TEST/BLOOD RELATIONS ] In these kinds of questions, a candidate is asked to identify the relationship between two persons on the basis of given information. 3 Mustration 1. it B says that his mother is the°only daughter of A’s mother, now is A related to B ? . Solution ; Let B’s mother be C, and A’s mother be D then coiahs eS c A ! B - So Ais matemal uncle of B. Mustration 2. Introducing a man, a woman said, ‘His wife is the only daughter of my father’. How was that man related tothe woman ? Solution : The following diagram will clearly explai given problem. : cee Father (of Woman) I Weman fon Man the husband of that wornan, ‘ration 3. Pointing to a man in a photogra 2 Sh, woman said, ‘His brother's father is the a ara randfather. How is the woman related to th the photograph ? ° *Solution : Only son of woman's grandfather-woman's father ; Man's brother's father - Man's father So, the woman is man’s sister. Grandfather | Father | | Woman Man Brother ofMan Mlustration 4. C is A's father nephew. D is A’ 's cousin but not the brother of C. How is D related to C ? Solution : Cis A’s father ney i n Solution : phew means C is the:son of A's father’s i. is i As father's brother 1.e. is the cousin of A.D is also A's So, D must be real brother or sist or sister of C. But D i brother of C. So, D must be sister of G. Father —— Brother I — pics - rua following information, "= (> ‘© 8) are based on AL he six members Of a family A, B, C, D, E and F are Pavel etter Ba the son of C but C is not the A ‘are a married couple. E is the brother of C, D i = ©, Dis the daughter of A. F ig the brother of[RI-11 |ijstaton & How many male members are there in ‘re family ? aration 6. Who is the mother of B ? jysiration 7. How many children does A have ? ration 8. Who is the wife of E ? iustration 9. How is E related to D ? ‘solution : (5 to 8) B is the son of C but C is not the ether of B means C is the father of B. A is married to Gmeans A is the mother of B. F is brother of B means Fis con of A and C. D is daughter of A means D is daughter of A and C. SOLUTION 5: A is the mother and hence female. B is ihe son and hence male. C is the husband and hence male. D is the daughter and hence female. E is the brother and hence male. F is the son and hence male. So, there are four males. SOLUTION 6 : A's the mother of B. SOLUTION 7 : A has son B, son F and daughter D ie. three children. SOLUTION 8 : From the daté available, the wife of E cannot be determined. SOLUTION 9 : E is the brother of C who Is the father of D. So, Eis the uncle of D. istration 10. \t A + B means A is the mother of B ; ‘A= B means Ais the brother of B; A x B means A is the son of B and A~ B means A is the daughter of B, then how will you write C is the niece of D 7 Solution : C is the niece of D means C Is the daughter of the brether (say X) of D Le. C-X + D. Mustration 11. P is the brother of D. X is the sister of P. A is the brother of F. F is the daughter of D. Mt is the father of X, who is the uncle of A? Solution : A is the brother of F who is the daughter of D. So, Ais the son of D. P is the brother of D. So, P is the uncle of A Illustration 12. A introduces B saying husband of the grand daughter of father". How is B related to A ? Solution Grandfather's grand daughter ~ sister Sister's husband ~ brother — in ~,!aw So Bis A's brother ~ in ~ law. Reasoning Theory ] D——— P (Brother of D) (Father) I | A F (Brother) (Sister) “He is the the father of my Father's father — grand father Grandfather Father Son (A) — (Sister) /Sister’s husband (B) Illustration 13. A gil introduced a boy as the son of the only daughter (D) of the father of her uncle. How is the boy related to that girl ? Solution : Only daughter of Uncle's father ~ Uncle's sister — mother; Mother's Son ~ brother. Illustration 14. Pointing out to a lady girl said, ‘she is the daughter-in-law of the grand mother of my father’s only son’. How is the lady related to the girl ? Solution : My father’s only son - My brother ; Grand mother of my brother ~ my grandmother ; Daughter — in - law of my grand mother ~ My mother. Mustration 15. Pointing to a lady, a man said, ‘The son of her only brother is the brother of my wife’. How is the lady related to the man ? Solution ; Brother of my wife ~My brother-in-law; Son of lady's brother is the brother-in-law of the man. So, lady's brother is the man’s father-in-law Le. lady is the sister of man’s father-in-law. [UNIT VII, STATEMENTS & CONCLUSIONS | In these types of questions one or more statements and conclusions (normally two conclusions) are given. You have to analyze whether conclusions follow from given statements or not. if yes then which of the conclusions, Mustration 1. Statements : A forest has as many Sandal trees as it has Ashoka trees. Three ~ fourths of the res are old one and hal ofthe trees are at flowering age. Conclusions : (a) All Ashoka trees are at the flowering stage. (b) All sandal trees are at the flowering stage. (c)_ At least one - half of the Ashoka trees are old. (d) One half of the sandal trees are at the flowering stage. (e) None of these. Solution ; (e) None of the conclusions can be derived from given statements. Directions (for Q. 2 to Q. 3) : Decide which of the given conclusions definitely follows from the given statements.[Reasoning Theory Indicate your answer 2S (a) If only | follows () If (co) if both | and I follow (o) If neither | nor It follows. imustration 2. Statements : Objects Ay By ‘All are multicoloured. Gonelusion 1: Combination o ~ common. Cenelusion It ‘i multicoloured objects are opaque. ‘Solution : (b) Le, only lt conclusio:. follows. iiustration 3. Statements : Men and animals act ‘emotionally. They feel afraid. Conclusion | : All men and animals are afraid. Conclusion li: All men and animals are sensitive. Solution + (6) Le. both conclusions (I) and (Il) follow. Directions (for Q. 4 to Q. 10): In each of the following cuestions, @ statement is followed by two sonclusions. ive answer (<) if the conclusion | follows (b) If conclusion ls foltows ; (c) If both | and I follow; (d) If 2ither | or It follevie; and (¢) # neither | nor Ml follows. s strction 4. ‘Ststemeat : In déserts, camels are indispensable for feop!e to travel from one place to another. Conclusions amels are the only cheapest mode ef transport avait>ble in deserts. . Ii. There are plenty of camels in deserts. & (0) ie. both the conclusions follow. “lustration 5. Staternent : Parents are prepared to pay Zny price for an elite education to their children. Conclusions : zs All parents these days are very well off. Ul, Farents have an obsessive passion for a perfect development of their children through good schocting. Sol (b) only 11 conc:sion follows. (UNIT VIII. STATEME Ia these tyes of questions a statement and arouments are given. You are required to analyse fies cr(saents #nd decide whether any argument holds in context of the given statement. ‘are few Ilustrations. iene « in each > the following questi question followed bi twa arguments is given.’ Riva ansiver > : only 11 follows Care opaque, 1 yellow and red is From all available cultural int India, both the ‘Statement evident that even in ancie! it aoe ‘and disciples valued not the quantity but the ality of knowledge. onelusions +L Giving importance to quantity of Knowledge is meaningless. WW. There was an identity of educational teachers and students in ancient India. ‘Solution ; (b) Le. only I! conclusion follow’ Wlustration 7. Statement : No country Is absolutely self = dependent these days. Conclusions : |. It is impossible to all that a country needs. 4 Countrymen in general have become lazy. Solution: (a) ie. only | conclusion follows. iustration 8. Statement : Domestic demand has been increasing faster tnan the production of indigenous crude oil. Conclusions : |. Crude ‘oil must be imported. il. Domestic demand should be reduced. Solution ; (a) ie. either | or II follows. IMustration 9. Statement : Of all the television sets, manufactured in India, the solar brand has the largest cale. Conclusions : |. Volume of sales of all the brands of television sets manufactured in India is known. i. The production of no other television set in India is as large as that of solar. Solution ; (0) ie. both the conclusions | and II follow. Mustration 10. Statement : The percentage of the national income shared by the top 10 percent of households in India is 35. Conclusions : |. When an economy grows fast, concentration of wealth in certain pack soreeniate packets of population | values between grow and produce Il The national income is unevenly distributed in India. Solution : aoe (b) Le. conclusion MI follows from given NTS & ARGUMENTS] (b) if only argument 1! is strong, (0) if either 1 oF Il is strong and (d) neither argument 1 nor Il is stro illustration 1, Statement : tS television be f : Arguments : |, Y; 2h Yes, col a ; and only ich povpk, Ereur elevieton is a luxury item Should tax Jour juiiher increased 2 Eon (4) ‘fonly argument | is strong ; IL No, Soliton’ fr 2 BOUGht by the poor too. ~ Neither | nor Il is ‘strong argument,