CHAPTER 03 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Angle formed by the large hand of a clock in 20 minutes is
  3 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 4 3
2 2
Ans: (d) , as angle formed in 20 minutes = 120° = .
3 3

2. If sin θ + cosec θ = 2, then sin2 θ + cosec2 θ is equal to

(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3
Ans: (c) 2
sin θ + cosec θ = 2
On squaring both sides, we get
sin2 θ + cosec2 θ + 2 sin θ · cosec θ = 4
⇒ sin2 θ + cosec2 θ = 4 – 2 = 2 {∵ sin θ · cosec θ = 1}

1 1
3. If tan θ = and tan φ = , then the value of θ + φ is
2 3
 
(a) (b)  (c) 0 (d)
6 4

Ans: (d)
4

4. The value of sin (45° + θ) – cos (45° – θ) is

(a) 2 cos θ (b) 2 sin θ (c) 1 (d) 0
Ans: (d) 0
sin (45° + θ) – cos (45° – θ)
= sin (45° + θ) – [sin{90° – (45° – θ)}]
= sin (45° + θ) – sin(45° + θ) = 0

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5. The value of tan 75° – cot 75° is
(a) 2 3 (b) 2 + 3 (c) 2 – 3 (d) 1
Ans: (a) 2 3

6. The minimum value of 3 cos x + 4 sin x + 8 is

(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 3
Ans: (d) 3
let y = 3 cos x + 4 sin x + 8
3 4 
⇒ y = 5  cos x  sin x  + 8
5 5 
3
= 5 cos(x – a) + 8, when cos a =
5
Also, –1 ≤ cos(x – a) ≤ 1
⇒ –5 ≤ 5 cos(x – a) ≤ 5
⇒ 3 ≤ 5 cos(x – a) + 8 ≤ 13
⇒ 3 ≤ y ≤ 13
So, minimum value is 3.

7. cos 2θ cos 2φ + sin2(θ – φ) – sin2(θ + φ) is equal to

(a) sin 2(θ + φ) (b) cos 2(θ + φ) (c) sin 2(θ – φ) (d) cos 2 (θ + φ)
Ans: (b) cos 2(θ + φ)
cos 2θ · cos 2 φ + sin2(θ – φ) – sin2(θ + φ)
= cos 2θ cos 2 φ + sin(θ – φ + θ + φ) sin(θ – φ – θ – φ)
= cos 2θ cos 2 φ – sin 2θsin 2 φ
= cos (2θ + 2 φ) = cos2(θ + φ)

8. If sin θ + cos θ = 1, then the value of sin 2θ is

1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 0 (d) –1
2
Ans: (c) 0
sin θ + cos θ = 1
On squaring both sides, we get
sin2 θ + cos2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ = 1
⇒ 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ = 1 ⇒ 2 sin θ cos θ = 0
⇒ sin 2θ = 0 {∵ sin 2θ = 2 sin θ × cos θ }

For Q9 and Q10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Choose the
correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

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9. Assertion (A): The ratio of the radii of two circles at the centres of which two equal arcs subtend
angles of 30° and 70° is 21:10.
Reason (R): Number of radians in an angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc is equal to
the ratio of the length of the arc to the radius of the circle.
Ans: (d) A is false but R is true.

10. Assertion (A): cosec x is negative in third and fourth quadrants.

Reason (R): cot x decreases from 0 to -∞ in first quadrant and increases from 0 to ∞ in third
quadrant.
Ans: (c) A is true but R is false.

SECTION – B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.

11. If α + β = , then find the value of (1 + tan α) (1 + tan β)
4
Ans:

3 
12. If sin x = ,  x   , then find the value of cos x, tan x, sec x and cot x.
5 2
Ans:

13. A wheel makes 270 revolutions in one minute. Through how many radians does it turn in one second
?
270 9
Ans: Number of revolutions in one second = 
60 2
Angle traced in one revolution = 2π radians.
9
Angle traced in one second = × 2π radius = 9π raidus
2
1
14. Prove: cos 24° + cos 55° + cos 125° + cos 204° + cos 300° = .
2
Ans: cos 24° + cos 55° + cos (180° – 55°) + cos (180° + 24°) + cos (360° – 60°)
cos 24° + cos 55° – cos 55° – cos 24° + cos 60°
1
= cos 60° = .
2

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 SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

3 12
15. If sin x = , cos y = and x, y both lie in the second quadrant, find the values of sin (x + y)
5 13
3 12
Ans: Given, sin x = , cos y = and x, y both lie in the second quadrant.
5 13
2
2 2  3  16 4
We know that cos x = 1 – sin x = 1 –    ⇒ cos x = ±
5 25 5
Since, x lies in 2nd quadrant, cos x is (–ve).
4
∴ cos x =
5
2
2 2  12  25 5
Also, sin y = 1 – cos y = 1 –    ⇒ sin y = ±
 13  169 13
Since, y lies in 2nd quadrant, sin y is (+ve)
5
∴ sin y =
13
sin (x + y) = sin x · cos y + cos x · sin y
3  12   4  5 36 20 56
=        
5  13   5  13 65 65 65

sin 8 x cos x  sin 6 x cos 3x

16. Prove that  tan 2 x
cos 2 x cos x  sin 4 x sin 3x
Ans:

1
17. Prove that, cos 20° cos 40° cos 60° cos 80° = .
16
1
Ans: LHS = cos 20° cos (60° – 20°) cos (60° + 20°)
2
1
= cos 20° [cos2 20° – sin2 60°]
2
1 3
= cos 20° [cos2 20° – ]
2 4

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 1
= [4 cos3 20° – 3 cos 20°]
8
1 1
= cos 60° = = RHS [using cos3x = 4 cos3 x – 3 cos x]
8 16

SECTION – D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.
A B C  A B C
18. In a triangle ABC, prove that, cos2  cos2  cos 2  2  1  sin sin sin 
2 2 2  2 2 2
Ans:

OR
a 2  b2
If α, β are the roots of a cos θ + b sin θ = c, show that, cos (α + β) = .
a2  b2
Ans: α, β are roots of the equation a cos θ + b sin θ = c
⇒ a cos α + b sin α = c and a cos β + b sin β = c
On subtracting we get,
a (cos α – cos β) + b (sin α – sin β) = 0
       
 2a sin sin  2b cos sin 0
2 2 2 2
          
 sin  2a sin  2b cos   0  2a sin  2b cos 0
2  2 2  2 2
      b
 2a sin  2b cos  tan  …. (i)
2 2 2 a
   
1  tan 2  
 2 
Also, cos(   ) 
   
1  tan 2  
 2 
Substitute value from (i), we get
b2
1 2 2 2
cos (α + β) = a a b .
b2 a2  b2
1 2
a

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 SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
19. From the top of a tower of 10 m high building the angle of elevation of top of a tower is 75° and the
angle of depression of foot of the tower is 15°. If the tower and building are on the same horizontal
surfaces.

(i) Find the value of tan 15°. (2)

(ii) Find the value of cos 75°. (2)
Ans: (i) By the trigonometry formula, we know, tan (A – B) = (tan A – tan B) /(1 + tan A tan B)
Therefore, we can write, tan(45 – 30)° = tan 45° – tan 30°/1+tan 45° tan 30°
Now putting the values of tan 45° and tan 30° from the table we get;
tan(45 – 30)° = (1 – 1/√3)/ (1 + 1.1/√3)
tan (15°) = √3 – 1/ √3 + 1
Hence, the value of tan (15°) is √3 – 1/√3 + 1.
(ii) Using the formula for cos(A + B) = cos(A)cos(B) – sin(A)sin(B),
we can find the value of cos 75°.
cos(75°) = cos(30° + 45°)
Now, we know that cos 30° = √3/2, cos 45° = √2/2, sin 30° = 1/2, and sin 45° = √2/2 from the
special values of trigonometric functions.
cos(75°) = cos(30°)cos(45°) – sin(30°)sin(45°)
Substituting the known values:
cos(75°) = (√3)/2)(√2)/2) – (1/2)(√2)/2)
Simplifying:
cos(75°) = (√6)/4) – (√2)/4)
Combining the terms:
cos(75°) = (√6 – √2))/4 = (√3-1) / 2√2

20. The below figure shows the compass. The East direction is along the positive X-axis (0° angle) and
North direction is along the +ve Y-axis (90° angles). Initially the pointer is pointed towards North-
East direction. Pointer is deflected in a magnetic field by some angle.

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On the basis of above answer the following.
(i) If pointer move in anticlockwise direction by an angle of 90°, then find the value of sine of angle
made by pointer from East direction. (1)
(ii) If pointer moves an angle of 165° from its initial position in anticlockwise direction, then find
the value of cosine of angle made by pointer from East direction. (1)
1
(iii)If the sine and cosine of angle made by pointer with East direction is  then find where the
2
pointer pointed? (1)
(iv) How much angle will pointer move in anticlock wise direction if tangent of angle made by
pointer with x-axis is – 1? (1)

Ans: (i) Angle made by pointer with East direction = 45° + 90° = 135°
1
∴ sin 135° = sin (180° – 45°) = sin 45° =
2
(ii) Angle made by pointer with East direction = 45° + 165° = 210°
3
cos 210° = cos (180° + 30°) = – cos 30° = 
2
1
(iii) sine and cosine both are – ve so quadrant is III and we known that sin 45° = . Given that,
2
1
sin θ = 
2
⇒ sin θ = sin (180° + 45°)
⇒ θ = 225°
⇒ South West direction
(iv) If tan θ = – 1
θ = 135° or 315°
Initially the pointer is at 45°.
So angle moved by pointer is
= 135° – 45° = 90°
Or 315° – 45° = 270°
⇒ 90° or 270°

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