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JulyAugust 2022

This document outlines the examination paper for Turbo Machines for B. Tech IV Year I Semester at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. It includes various questions related to turbine and compressor phenomena, efficiency calculations, and principles of operation. The exam consists of eight questions, from which students must answer any five, each carrying equal marks.

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18 views2 pages

JulyAugust 2022

This document outlines the examination paper for Turbo Machines for B. Tech IV Year I Semester at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. It includes various questions related to turbine and compressor phenomena, efficiency calculations, and principles of operation. The exam consists of eight questions, from which students must answer any five, each carrying equal marks.

Uploaded by

rohitchanakya76
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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R16

Code No: 137HZ


JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, July/August - 2022
TURBO MACHINES
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max.Marks:75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Explain the reheat and preheat phenomena in turbines and compressors respectively. What
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are their effects on the work and efficiencies in these machines?


b) In a four stage turbine handling air, the stagnation pressure ratio between the exit and the
inlet of each stage is 0.4. The stage efficiencies of the first two stages are 86% each, while
those of the last two stages are 84% each. Find the overall efficiency of the turbine.[8+7]
TU

2.a) How the turbo machines are classified? Explain in detail.


b) The output of a three stage gas turbine is 30 MW at the shaft coupling at an entry
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temperature of 1500K. The overall pressure ratio across the turbine is 11.0 and efficiency
88%. If the pressure ratio of each stage is the same, determine: (i) pressure ratio of each
stage (ii) polytropic efficiency (iii) The mass flow rate, and (iv) the efficiency and power of
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each stage. The properties of yhe working medium are the same as of air(γ=1.4,
Cp= 1.005 kJ/kg K) Assume an efficiency of 91% to take into account shaft losses due to
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disc and bearing friction. [7+8]

3.a) Define critical velocity and critical pressure ratio. What is the significance of critical
pressure ratio on discharge through the nozzle?
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b) In a reaction turbine, the fixed blades and moving blades are of the same shape but reversed
in direction. The angles of the receiving tips are 350 and of the discharging tips 200. Find
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the power developed per pair of blades for a steam consumption of 2.5 kg/s, when the blade
speed is 50 m/s. If the heat drop per pair is 10.04 kJ/kg, find the efficiency of the pair.[7+8]

4.a) The nozzles of a turbine are supplied with superheated steam at 10 bar and 2500 C. The
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steam leaves the nozzles at a pressure of 1 bar. The steam consumption for the turbine is
16 kg/kWh, when it develops 225 kW. If the throat diameter is 0.8 cm, determine the
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number of nozzles required and exit diameter of the nozzles, assuming that 10% of the total
heat drop is lost in overcoming the friction in the divergent portion only. Neglect the
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velocity of approach.
b) What is the pressure-velocity compounding? Write its advantages and limitations. [8+7]

5.a) What is an oblique shock wave? When does it occur? Give at least two practical situations
where the oblique shock waves are produced.
b) What are the various losses occurring in a centrifugal compressor stage? Explain. [8+7]

6.a) Starting from energy equation derive Prandtl-Meyer relation.


b) How do stalling and surging take place in centrifugal compressor stages? Suggest methods
to minimize or prevent them. What is their effect on the performance? [7+8]
7.a) What is surging in axial flow compressors? What are its effects?
b) A compressor cascade is constructed from circular arc aerofoil blades (camber angle
θ = 250) set at a stagger angle of 300 with a pitch-chord ratio of 1.0. The momentum
thickness chord ratio is 0.031. The nominal value of the incidence is 50. Determine: (i) the
cascade blade angles, (ii) the nominal air angles, (iii) stagnation pressure loss coefficient,
(iv) drag coefficient, and (v) the lift coefficient. [7+8]

8.a) Explain the various factors to be considered in the selection of blade materials.
b) The following particulars relate to a single stage turbine of free vortex design. Total head
inlet temperature 973 K, total head inlet pressure 4.5 bar, static head outlet pressure 1.6 bar,
gas flow are 20 kg/s. Nozzle outlet angle-280 (measured from blade velocity), mean blade
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diameter to blade height ratio-10, Nozzle loss coefficient 0.1. Determine the gas velocities,
temperatures and discharge angle at the blade mid, root and tip radii. Assume
Cp =1.1556 kJ/kg-K and  =1.333. [7+8]
TU

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