Review Innovations CE Review for November 2024 – Hydraulics 1

PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS, AND UNIT PRESSURES 9. What minimum diameter of glass tube is necessary to
keep the capillary-height change of water less than 2 mm?
1. A liquid in a 1.13 – m3 container has a mass of 814 kg. Use σ = 0.0712 N/m
a. What is its mass density? 10. Distilled water stands in a glass tube of 9 – mm diameter
b. What is its specific weight? at a height of 24.0 mm. What is the true static height? Use
c. What is its gravity force? σ = 0.0742 N/m
11. A weather report indicates the barometric pressure is 756
2. Evaluate the greatest pressure of water in the tank shown. mm of mercury. What is the atmospheric pressure in kPa?
12. If the atmospheric pressure is 0.9 bar abs and a gage
attached to a tank reads 390 mm Hg vacuum, what is the
absolute pressure within the tank?
13. The tube shown is filled with oil. Determine the pressure
heads at A and B in meters of water.
A

2.2

B
3. The pressure gage in a given tank reads 125 mm Hg. 0.6
Calculate the equivalent height of column of oil.
4. Determine the gage pressure at A in the given open-type
manometer.
Oil (sg=0.85)
Oil (sg=0.85)

14. Calculate the pressure, in kPa, at A, B, C, and D.

Air A Air

0.4 m C
0.4 m
Oil (sg=0.90)
0.5 m
B

1m
Water D

15. Determine the heights of columns of water, kerosene (sg

= 0.82), and nectar (sg = 2.94) equivalent to 277 mm Hg.

5. Assuming oil in the differential-type manometer shown, 16. A manometer is attached to a tank containing three
calculate the difference in pressures between A and B. different fluids as shown. What will be the difference in
oil elevation (y) of the mercury column in the manometer?
Elev. 6 m
Elev. 5 m Air pressure = 30 kPa

0.3
B
water
Oil (sg = 0.82)
1.2

Elev. 2 m
A water Water
Elev. 0 m
6. Determine the height water will rise due to capillary 1m y
action in a clean, 6 – mm diameter tube. What will be the
height if the diameter is reduced to 0.5 mm? The angle of
contact with water is 0° and the surface tension is 0.0728
N/m. Mercury
7. Chlorine gas at 30°C is under a pressure of 481 kPa. (sg = 13.6)
Assume a gas constant of 117 N-m/kg-K. Calculate its 10) 17.1 kg/m3 14) 38 kPa 17) 3.77 m
specific volume. 167.4 N/m3 15)-2.38 m H2O 4.59 m
0.059 m3/kg -0.51 m H2O 1.28 m
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE: 11) 14.5 mm 16) -7.848 kPa 18) 0.63 m
8. Calculate the density, specific weight, and specific 12) 20.6 mm 4.905 kPa
volume of chlorine gas at 25°C and pressure of 600,000 13) 100.9 kPa` 4.905 kPa
N/m2 abs. R = 118 N-m/kg-K 21.680 kPa
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 Review Innovations CE Review for November 2024 – Hydraulics 1

• Fluid is a substance that • If cohesion between molecules of a fluid is greater than

(a) cannot be subjected to shear forces adhesion between fluid and glass, then the free level of
(b) always expands until it fills any container fluid in a dipped glass tube will be
(c) has the same shear stress at a point regardless of its (a) higher than the surface of liquid
motion (b) the same as the surface of liquid
(d) cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force (c) lower than the surface of liquid
(d) unpredictable
• Density of water is maximum at
(a) 0°C • When a fluid is subjected to resistance, it undergoes a
(b) 4°C volumetric change due to __________
(c) 100°C a) Cohesion
(d) 20°C b) Strain
c) Compressibility
• Property of a fluid by which its own molecules are d) Adhesion
attracted is called
(a) adhesion • Liquids transmit pressure equally in all the directions.
(b) cohesion This is according to
(c) viscosity (a) Boyle’s law
(d) surface tension (b) Archimedes principle
(c) Pascal’s law
• Property of a fluid by which molecules of different (d) Newton’s formula
kinds of fluids are attracted to each other is called
(a) adhesion • The rise or depression of liquid in a tube due to surface
(b) cohesion tension with an increase in size of tube will
(c) viscosity (a) increase
(d) surface tension (b) remain unaffected
(c) may increase or decrease depending on the
• The normal stress in a fluid will be constant in all characteristics of liquid
directions at a point only if (d) decrease
(a) it is incompressible
(b) it has zero viscosity • Mercury is often used in barometer because
(c) it is frictionless (a) it is the best liquid
(d) it is at rest (b) the height of barometer will be less
(c) its vapor pressure is so low that it may be neglected
• Specific weight of sea water is more that of pure water (d) both (b) and (c)
because it contains
(a) dissolved air
(b) dissolved salt
(c) suspended matter
(d) all of the above

• Free surface of a liquid tends to contract to the smallest

possible area due to force of
(a) surface tension
(b) viscosity
(c) friction
(d) cohesion

• A liquid would wet the solid, if adhesion forces as

compared to cohesion forces are
(a) less
(b) more
(c) equal
(d) less at low temperature and more at high
temperature

• Barometer is used to measure

(a) pressure in pipes, channels etc.
(b) atmospheric pressure
(c) very low pressure
(d) difference of pressure between two points

• Manometer is used to measure

(a) pressure in pipes, channels etc.
(b) atmospheric pressure
(c) very low pressure
(d) velocity in pipes

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reproduction, use, or dissemination is strictly prohibited and shall be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.