Python Operators Explained

Here’s an easy way to explain Python operators with examples. I'll use information inspired by
W3Schools, structured for clarity. Python operators are categorized into groups based on their
functionality:

1. Arithmetic Operators

Used to perform mathematical operations.

Operator Description Example Code Output

`+` Addition `x = 5; y = 3; print(x + y)` 8

`-` Subtraction `x = 5; y = 3; print(x - y)` 2

`*` Multiplication `x = 5; y = 3; print(x * y)` 15

`/` Division `x = 5; y = 3; print(x / y)` 1.6667

`%` Modulus (Remainder) `x = 5; y = 3; print(x % y)` 2

`**` Exponentiation `x = 2; y = 3; print(x ** y)` 8

`//` Floor division `x = 5; y = 3; print(x // y)` 1

2. Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables.

Operator Example Equivalent To Example Code Output

`=` `x = 5` Assign value `x = 5; print(x)` 5

`+=` `x += 3` `x = x + 3` `x = 5; x += 3; print(x)` 8

`-=` `x -= 3` `x = x - 3` `x = 5; x -= 3; print(x)` 2

`*=` `x *= 3` `x = x * 3` `x = 5; x *= 3; print(x)` 15

`/=` `x /= 3` `x = x / 3` `x = 5; x /= 3; print(x)` 1.6667

`%=` `x %= 3` `x = x % 3` `x = 5; x %= 3; print(x)` 2

`//=` `x //= 3` `x = x // 3` `x = 5; x //= 3; print(x)` 1

`**=` `x **= 3` `x = x ** 3` `x = 2; x **= 3; print(x)` 8

3. Comparison Operators

Used to compare two values.

Operator Description Example Code Output

`==` Equal to `x = 5; y = 5; print(x == y)` True

`!=` Not equal to `x = 5; y = 3; print(x != y)` True

`>` Greater than `x = 5; y = 3; print(x > y)` True

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 Operator Description Example Code Output

`<` Less than `x = 5; y = 3; print(x < y)` False

`>=` Greater than or equal to `x = 5; y = 5; print(x >= y)` True

`<=` Less than or equal to `x = 5; y = 8; print(x <= y)` True

4. Logical Operators

Used to combine conditional statements.

Operator Description Example Code Output

Returns `True` if both statements are

`and` `x = 5; print(x > 3 and x < 10)` True
true

Returns `True` if one of the statements is

`or` `x = 5; print(x > 3 or x < 4)` True
true

`x = 5; print(not(x > 3 and x <

`not` Reverse the result False
10))`

5. Identity Operators

Used to compare objects’ memory locations.

Operator Description Example Code Output

Returns `True` if both variables point to `x = [1, 2]; y = x; print(x is

`is` True
the same object y)`

`is Returns `True` if they point to different `x = [1, 2]; y = [1, 2]; print(x
True
not` objects is not y)`

6. Membership Operators

Used to test if a sequence is present in an object.

Operator Description Example Code Output

Returns `True` if value is present in

`in` `x = [1, 2, 3]; print(2 in x)` True
sequence

`not `x = [1, 2, 3]; print(4 not in

Returns `True` if value is not present True
in` x)`

7. Bitwise Operators

Operate on binary numbers.

Operator Description Example Code Output

`&` AND `x = 5; y = 3; print(x & y)` 1

` ` OR `x = 5; y = 3; print(x

`^` XOR `x = 5; y = 3; print(x ^ y)` 6

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 Operator Description Example Code Output

`~` NOT (negation) `x = 5; print(~x)` -6

`<<` Left shift `x = 5; print(x << 1)` 10

`>>` Right shift `x = 5; print(x >> 1)` 2

These simple examples demonstrate how Python operators work. For more, visit W3Schools - Python
Operators.

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